中国英语学习者语音学习中常犯的错误列表

© Cambridge University Press Chinese speakers Vowels ˆ (ship) confused with i… (sheep) æ (man) confused with √ (cup) or å… (heart) e (pen) confused with æ (man) ¨ (book) confused with u… (boot) Å (clock) confused with ø… (ball) eˆ (tail) common error e W¨ (phone) common error Å (clock) Consonants Great difficulty with groups of consonants, especially finally, where one or more may be dropped. l confused with r z may be pronounced s especially finally ß (shoe) confused with s especially before i… (sheep), or may sound like h v confused with w n (not present in some dialects) common error l † (thin) ∂ (feather) b pronounced p finally d pronounced t finally ˝ pronounced k finally h common error x (loch) dΩ (jam) has a different quality tß (cherry) has a different quality ß (shoe) has a different quality Final consonant may be dropped especially after (tail) or (phone) or other diphthongs. Intonation An area of difficulty. All intonation exercises will be useful, especially those that practice a falling tune or express emotion. © Cambridge University Press Stress and rhythm Sounds staccato. Joining word exercises will be useful. Mandarin speakers Vowels ˆ (ship) common error i… (sheep) e (pen) confused with \ (a camera) æ (man) confused with å… (heart) √ (cup) common error å… (heart) Å (clock) common error å… (heart) ø… (ball) may also be pronounced å… (heart) u… (boot) confused with ¨ (book) ±… (girl) different quality W¨ (phone) may be pronounced a¨ (house) aˆ øˆ different quality a¨ Consonants Final consonants may be dropped especially after diphthongs. Great difficulty with groups of consonants, where one or more may be dropped, especially finally. l confused with r n confused with l l (ball) may be dropped or pronounced n z common error dz or ts Ω (television) confused with ß (shoe) or tß (cherry) ß (shoe) confused with s especially before i… or may sound close to h w confused with v or f h sounds close to x (loch) ˜ (ring) may be confused with n b pronounced p finally d pronounced t finally g pronounced k finally © Cambridge University Press Intonation All intonation exercises will be useful. Stress and rhythm Sounds staccato. Joining word exercises may be useful. Word stress exercises will be useful. Cantonese speakers Vowels ˆ (ship) confused with i… (sheep) ¨ (book) confused with u… (boot) æ (man) confused with e (pen) or å… (heart) √ (cup) confused with å… (heart) ø… (ball) confused with Å (clock) u… (boot) confused with ¨ (book) ±… (girl) has a different quality W (a camera) pronounced as spelling W¨ (phone) confused with a¨ (house) or Å (clock) eˆ (tail) common error e (pen) aˆ øˆ different quality a¨ Consonants Great difficulty with groups of consonants, especially finally where one or more may be dropped. Final consonants dropped, especially after diphthongs. Sometimes t is substituted for other final sounds. l confused with r n (nose) confused with l l (ball) may be dropped or pronounced n v (van) confused with w (window) z (zoo) common error s ß (shoe) may be confused with tß Ω (television) may be confused with ß f has a different quality © Cambridge University Press w confused with v or f † (thin) common error s or f ∂ (feather) common error d or dz r pronounced where normally silent ˜ may be confused with n Intonation All intonation exercises will be useful, especially those practising polite and friendly intonation. Cantonese intonation is spoken with great energy. Cantonese speakers may sound angry in English. Stress and rhythm Sounds staccato. Joining word exercises useful. Cantonese students may stress the final syllable. Word stress exercises may be useful. Chinese speakers Vowels Consonants Intonation Stress and rhythm Mandarin speakers Vowels Consonants Intonation Stress and rhythm Cantonese speakers Vowels Consonants Intonation Stress and rhythm