教你如何写英语论文提纲范文 2011

教你如何写英语论文提纲范文 2011-09-30 12:23:26 来源： 作者： 浏览：157 次 摘 要 厄内斯特.海明威（1899---1961）是美国二十世纪著名作家，在世界文坛上，他享有很高的声誉。《老人与海》是海明威与晚年证明自己创作实力的杰作，并且充分体现了他的人生哲学,它也是美国价值的精髓。 本论文主要是通过对桑提亚哥这个人物形象的分析来展开的。通过对海明威所处的社会环境和其人生经历的研究，说明了海明威的人生哲学形成的背景。并进一步通过桑提亚哥与大海、鲨鱼和小男孩之间的关系来反映海明威的人生哲学。小男孩代表着人类的精神的生生不息，大海则象征着险恶与多变的环境，面对浩瀚的大海，桑提亚哥所表现出的态度，他充分表现了人类的一种精神，敢于同大自然、恶劣的环境和多桀的命运作斗争的精神，充分展现了人的智慧、刚毅与坚忍。不仅是歌颂一种“硬汉”精神，它有着更加深层的涵义，它深刻地反映了作者的人生哲学和生活观，即：在残酷的社会现实和命运之中，人应该勇敢地面对一切痛苦和磨难，并同一切痛苦和磨难进行斗争，热爱生活，珍惜生命。人生的意义既不在于“成功”，也不在于“失败”，而在于斗争，勇于同残酷的社会现实和冷漠无情的命运进行抗争，这才是真正地热爱生活、珍惜生命。 关键词：海明威； 老人与海； 人生哲学； 硬汉精神；抗争；奋斗 Abstract Ernest Hemingway（1899-1961）is a famous writer in American in the 20th century. Hemingway’s philosophy of life has a profound influence on modern American values. At the same time, it has extensive significance on the whole world; you will learn how to adopt a correct attitude towards failure, and how to struggle in adversity. His “code hero”---- Santiago is a guide to all human beings. He represents the spirit of the time. And the novel The Old Man and the Sea has brought luster to the realistic literature. Among his books ,The Old Man and the Sea（1952）is the most famous one. The works made Hemingway win the Nobel Prize in 1954.And the main character-Santiago becomes the typical“code hero”in literature. The work aroused interest of many readers, and many critics have made comments on it. But these comments from critics mostly talk about his“code hero”and “lost generation”. In fact, the work deeply reveals Hemingway’s philosophy of life and life attitude. This thesis intends to reach a thorough understanding of Hemingway’s philosophy of life through the novel The Old Man and the Sea: when facing the cruel social reality and miserable fate, man should be brave and struggle with all the pains and sufferings, loving life and treasuring life. The story of the old man –Santiago just reflects Hemingway’s philosophy of life. The thesis had a research in Hemingway’s life experience and literary career which develop his attitude towards life. And there also are the relationships between Santiago and the fish, between the sea and Manolin to reflect his philosophy of life. The boy Manolin indicates the continuity of human life and the inheritance of human knowledge from generation to generation. And the sea stands for the competing society. His fighting against the marlin and later sharks shows his struggling spirit. It also reflects Hemingway’s philosophy of life: the meaning of life neither lays in the “success”, nor in the “failure”, but in the struggle itself. Key words: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; philosophy of life; code hero; struggle Contents Introduction 1 1. The Background Information. 3 1.1 The Social and Cultural Background 3 1.1.1 The American Society of That Time 3 1.1.2 The literary Trends and Ideology of That Time 4 2. A Critical Account of Hemingway’s Life Experience 5 2.1 A Critical Account of Hemingway’s Life experiences and Literary Career 5 2.2 Hemingway and the “Lost Generation” 8 3. Hemingway’s Philosophy of Life Reflected by the Novel 9 3.1 Reflected by the Old Man---Santiago 9 3.2 Reflected by Santiago and Manolin 11 3.3 Reflected by Santiago and the Fish 12 3.4 Reflected by Santiago and the Whole 14 3.5“Code Hero” in Hemingway’s Works 15 3.5.1 The Origin and the Development of the Concept of the “Code Hero” 15 3.5.2 Why did Hemingway Create the “Code Hero” 17 3.5.3 The Code Hero and His Features 18 Conclusion 21