成考高升专英语教案

成考高升专英语 • Step 1 : 1. 介绍考试大纲. 2. 应考方法概述 • Step 2 : 教案目录 • 第一部分:语音 • 第二部分:词法 • 第三部分:句法 • 第四部分: 词组与句型 • 第五部分: 完形填空 • 第六部分: 阅读理解 • 第七部分: 补全对话 • 第八部分: 书面表达 • Step 3 第一部分:语音 • 1. 讲解 P.1-6 • 2. 归纳历年常考点如下:a, b, c, o, u, s, g, ai, ea, ex,ou, ch, th, ear, our • 如:1. a (1). baggage, attack • (2). average, attract • 2. b (1). comb, doubt, climb, describe 3. c (1). circle, coast (2). lecture, escape • • 4. o (1). clock (2). comb, smoke • (3). prove (4). provide 5. u (1). drug (2). Duty • • (3). cushion, bush • 6. s (1). respect (2). disease • 7. g (1). goat (2). gentle • 8. ai (1). Remain (2). bargain • 9. ea (1). measure (2). league,treat • 10. ex (1). explain, excuse (2). extra • 11. ou (1). found (2). shoulder (3). cousin • 12. ch (1). chicken (2). chemistry • 13. th (1). therefore, with • (2). through,healthy • 14. ear (1). fear (2). heard • 15. our (1). hour (2). four • 3. 讲述如何应考 • 4. 挑选P.7-9的一些练习进行讲解 • (1). 动词后面加-ed，-ed的发音规则 • (详细规则见教材P16-17): • ?、/t/、/d/后的-ed,读/id/。 • 如: want---wanted, need—needed • ?、清辅音后的-ed,读/t/。如:教材中No. 37, 38例子 • ?、元音、浊辅音后的-ed,读/d/。 • 如:教材中No. 37, 38例子 • (2). 名词和动词后面加-s、-es，-s, -es的发音规则: • ?、/s/、/?/、/t?/后的读 /iz/。如:bus-buses,watch-watches,wash—washes • ?、清辅音后的-s, -es,读/s/。 • 如:stop—stops,lake--lakes • ?、元音、浊辅音后读 /z/。 如:play—plays • 5.布置课后作业: • 完成P.7-9的未讲解过的所有练习 • 6. 补充2010年和2011年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试 • 2004年 • 一、语音知识(共5小题;每题1.5分，共7.5分) • 在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。找 出这个词。 1. A. lecture B. escape C. bicycle D. recover 2. A. farther B. healthy C. Thursday D. thought 3. A. mathematics B. attack C. companion D.baggage 4. A. blouse B. shoulder C. found D. mountain 5. A.treat B. breath C .bread D. treasure • 答案:1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A • 2005年 一、语音知识(共5小题;每题1.5分，共7.5分。) • 在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。 找出这个词。 • 1. A. hour B. four C. flour D. our • 2. A. research B. respec C. disease D. distance • 3. A. feather B. measure C. weather D. league • 4. A. cushion B. butter C. luggag D. cupboard • 5. A. chimney B. chicken C. chemistry D. chairman • 答案: • 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C • Step 4 第二部分:词法 • 英语10种词类/词性: 名、动、形、数、代、副、介、连、冠、感 • 1. 讲解第一章 动词(谓语动词与非谓语动词)P10-14 一、动词的分类 • Step 5 补充情态动词: A. 情态动词概述: • 1. may (1) 可以 (2) 可能性 may not 不允许 • 2. must (1) 必须 (2)一定 must not 不应该 (表示禁止) • 3. can (1) 能 会 (2) 可能 can’t (1) 不能 不会 (2) 不可能 • 4. need 需要 needn’t 不必 • 5. should 应该 should 不应该 (表示责备) • B. 情态动词考点(下面结构非常重要) • ? 情态动词结构:1. 情态动词 ，完成式 • 2. 情态动词 ，进行式 • 结构:1. 情态动词 ，完成式: • 1). must have done sth. 表示对过去发生的事情的猜测，过去“一定做过某事” • ?反义:can’t /couldn’t have done sth.表示过去动作一定没有发生。过去“不可能做 过某事” • 2). ought to / should have done sth. 表示某人做了“错事”，过去“本该做某事而未做”, 有时带 • 有责备之意。 3). oughtn’t to /shouldn’t have done sth:表示过去“本不该做某事”而做了,有时带有责备之 意 4). could have done sth.表示虽然有能力、机会做某事，但没有做。表示过去“本来能够 做某事”，也可表示对别人的抱怨和指责。 • 5). needn’t have done sth. 表示动作行为时并不知该行为不必要，不知道过去不必要 做某事，但做了才知道不必要做，“本不必要做某事” • 6). may/ might have done sth.过去“可能做过某事” • 结构2. 情态动词 ，进行式: 情态动词，be ， V.-ing。 如:may，be ， V.-ing， 表示可能正在做某事。 • Step 6 :课后完成其余练习。 • Step 7 补充:情态动词专项练习题 • 1. ---- I didn’t go to class last night because my car broke down. • ----You ___________________(borrow) mine. I wasn’t using it. • 2. You ___________________(come) yesterday if you were really serious about the job. • 3. She ______________________ (not go)to the cinema for I saw her just now. • 4. You _____________________ (misunderstand)me, because I didn’t say that. • 5. They hurried there only to find the meeting cancelled. In fact, they _______________ (not go)at all. • 6. John ought to __________________________ (answer) my letter a week ago. • 7. What _____________ he ________________(can, do) at this time of the day? • 8. Let’s hurry up. She _________________ (must, wait) for us. • 9. ---Whatever has happened to George? ---I don't know. He _________________ (may，get)lost. • 10. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.” • A. may have thought B. can have thought • C. may think D. might think • 答案: 1. could have borrowed • 2. ought to/ should have come • 3. couldn’t / can’t have gone • 4. must have misunderstood • 5. needn’t have gone 6. have answered • 7. can--- be doing 8. must be waiting • 9. may have got • 10. 从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测， 故应用 • “情态动词+动词完成式”;又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A。 • Step 8 : 情态动词历届真题: • 1 . --–It’s so noisy upstairs. What are they doing? • ----They _____ be having a party. • (04年统考题 No. 14) • A. could B. should C. would D. must • 答案:D • 2. —My watch stopped. —You ________ have forgotten to wind it. (05年统考题 No. 11) • A. should B. must C. can D. may • 答案:B • 3. I was caught in a heavy rain. I ________ have brought an umbrella. (06年统考题 No. 9) • A. could B. should C. must D. would • 答案:B • 4. Bruce is a nice person. He______________ lend you the money, I believe. (07年统 考题No. 9) • A. must B. might C. should D. would • 答案:D(愿意) • 5. My parents started off at about 5 o’clock in the morning. They____ by now. • (08年统考题No. 13) • A. would be arriving B. should have arrived • C. would have arrived D. should be arriving • 答案:B • 6. It was very kind of you to clean the office, though you________. (09年统考题No. 15) • A. would be arriving B should have arrived • C would have arrived D should be arriving • 答案:C • Step 9 : 讲解P16-18 动词的基本形式 • Step 10补充: 动词的各种时态和语态的构成形式比较 (见Word文档表格) • Step 11 补充:重点讲解的时态: 注:判断各种时态的方法:1. 根据时间状语来判断 2. 根据本句意思判断 3. 根据上下 文判断) • 1. 一般现在时表示将来的规则: • 在时间和条件状语从句中，如果从句的谓语动词表示的动作是将要发生的，那么从 句要用一般现在时，而不用一般将来时。 • A. 例句:讲解教材P.19 No. 1, 5, 6, 7。 • 2. 现在完成时 • ※与现在完成时连用的时间状语(注:现在完成时的基本用法有两个:“已完成”和 “未完成” 用法) • A. 与“已完成”用法连用的时间状语: • 1 ).表示不确定的过去时间的状语，如 just, already, yet, before, ever, never等 • 2).表示频度的时间状语，如once, twice,three times, once in a while,偶尔、间或, 等 • B. 与“未完成”用法连用的时间状语: • 1).表示包括现在时间在内的时间状语: • (1). recently, lately(lately通常用于否定和疑 问句“最近”“近来”) • (2). now, today, this morning, this month, this year, • 2). for ，一段时间 prep. for有时可省去) • 3). since ，时间“点”, 即一段时间的起点(也即特定的具体的过去时间) • (1). since ，短语 (2). since ，从句 • 4).由“all，时间”构成的表示一段时间的状语，如 all morning , all day, all year 等， 前面 • 不可用for。 • 5).其他表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语，如until / till , up to now,直到现 在,, up • to the present , so far,迄今为止,, • in /for/during the past / last few years, these few days ,等 • 例句:讲解教材P.20-21及其练习 • C. have been to 与have gone to 的区别: 讲解教材P.20 • D. 归纳:常用于现在完成时的句型有: • 1). It is the first / second/ --- time that ---句型中，从句用现在完成时态。 • 注:It was the first/second/---time that---句型中，从句用过去完成时态。 • Ex.1. It is the first time I ______________(watch) such an exciting football match. • 2).This is the --- that ---句型中，that ---从句用现在完成时态。 • Ex.1.This is the best film that I ___________( see). • 3. 过去完成时 • ※与过去完成时连用的时间状语 • A. 状语从句:常用于主从复合句或一些短语中。发生在前的动作用过去完成时表示， 发生在后的动作则用一般过去时表示。常用的从属连词有:by the time (，表示过去 的从句), • by the end of (，表示过去的短语), when , before，after引导的表示过去的时间状语。 • 1). When the police arrived, the thieves ____________________(run )away. • 2). By the time he was twelve, Edison ______________(begin )to make a living by himself. • B. 常用于主句是过去时的宾语从句 • 1). She said (that) she had never been to Paris. • C(表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过 去完成时 • 表示“原本---，末能---”. • 1). We _________________(hope) tha you would come, but you didn’t. • D. 常用于过去完成时的句型有: • 1. It was the first/second/---time that---句型中，从句用过去完成时态。 • Ex.1. It was the first time I ______________(watch) such an exciting football match. • 例句:讲解教材P.21及其练习 • Step 12 :讲解动词的其他时态:从P.21 (五)一般将来时到P.29练习，课后完成未讲 解的其余练习。 • Step 13: 动词时态与被动语态的历届真题: 1. The situation is quite serious and will become even worse unless some • measures . (04年统考题No. 8) • A. had been taken B. will be taken • C .were taken D. are taken • 答案:D • 2. Father is busy writing postcards this morning and ten so far. (04年统考题No. 24) • A. wrote B. was writing • C. has written D. has been writing • 答案:C 3. ---Who is the person ______ with our monitor over there? • ---Our new maths teacher. (04年统考题No. 19) • A. talked B. to talk C. talking D. talks • 答案:C • 4. Something must be done immediately if these wild animals ______ saved. • (05年统考题No. 9) • A. will be B. were • C. are about to be D. are to be 答案:D • 5. Mary has a lot of letters to write today. She _____all afternoon and she _______ yet. • (05年统考题No. 16) • A. has been writing; hasn’t finished • B. has written; hasn’t finished • C. writes; doesn’t finish D. wrote; didn’t finish • 答案:A • 6. —Is James coming with us? • —No，he can't-he for his exams. • (06年统考题No. 8) • A. has studied B. studies • C. studied D. is studying 答案:D • 7. Keep practicing, and your English will . (06年统考题No. 13) • A. improve B. be improving • C. have improved D. have been improving • 答案:A • 8. The number of girls receiving college education in the country during the past 10 years. (06年统考题No. 18) • A. is doubled B. has doubled C. was doubled D. had doubled 答案:B • 9(The secretary won’t tell you when her boss back from abroad. • (07年统考题No. 13) • A(is coming B(has come • C(will come D(would come • 答案:C • 10. The old man went to the information center soon after his arrival as the city ____ so much. (07年统考题No. 17) • A(is changing B(on C. had changed D. has changed • 答案:C • 11(All books are to the library before Friday((07年统考题No. 18) • A(returned B(to be returned • C(to have returned D(to return • 答案:B • 区别:20(I won’t be able to attend the meeting I’11 be on holiday with • my family((07年统考题No. 20) • A(if B(si C(though D(while • 答案:B • 12. ----What are you looking for? • ---- I can’t remember where I ____ my glasses. (08年统考题No. 7) • A. would leave B. leave C. had left D. left • 答案:D 13. You can borrow that bicycle if you ____. (08年统考题No. 14) • A. want to B. want it C. want to do D. will want • 答案:A • 14. It is over a year now since I came to the company, but I____ the manager • yet. (08年统考题No. 17) • A. haven’t met B didn’t meet C don’t meet D wouldn’t meet • 答案:A • 15. You can't do anything else until you ____ your homework. (09年统考题No. 8) • A. finished B. will finish • C. have finished D. had finished • 答案:C 虚拟语气 • 条件状语从句分类 • 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句 表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 • 英语: • If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus. • 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实) • If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories. • 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。(真实) • If I were you,I would go at once. • 如果我是你，我马上就会去。 • (我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气) • If there were no air,people would die. • 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 • (不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气) • 用法及动词形式 • 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: • 从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were) • 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1(If I were you,I would take an umbrella. • 如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) • 2(If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. • 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 • (事实:不知道) • 3(If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. • 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 • (事实:地球上既有空气也有水) • 4(If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. • 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。(事实:没有带钱) • 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句:If 主语+had+done 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done • eg: • 1( If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见 到她。 • (事实:去晚了) • 2(If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的 劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 • (事实:没有听我的话) • 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 • 从句:?if+主语+were to do • 主句: ?主语+should/would/could/might+do • 从句: ?if+主语+did/were • 主句: ?主语+should/would/could/might+do • 从句: ?if+主语+should+do • 主句: ?主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1(If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. • 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小) • 2(If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating. • 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小) • 3(If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter. • 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很 小) • 【典型例题】 • 1) If I had seen the movie, I _____ you all about it now. • A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told • 解析:错选D。此题考查混合条件句。从句表对过去的虚拟，主句表对现在的虚拟， 所以正确答案为A。 • 2)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. • A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained • 解析:答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 • 3)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. • A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I • 解析:答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略， 主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中， 省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. • 4). My suggestion is that she ______ more exercise, which will do a lot of good to her. • A. takes B. must take C. take D. took • 解析:错选A。本题要表达“我的建议是她(应该)多锻炼，这对她会有很大好处。” 符合虚拟的条件，所以正确答案为C。空前面省略了should.[1] 非谓语动词 • 15. You can't do anything else until you ____ your homework. (09年统考题No. 8) • A. finished B. will finish • C. have finished D. had finished • 答案:C • Step 14: 非谓语动词 / 非限定动词 • 第一节:非谓语动词讲述 • (一) 非谓语动词的构成形式 • (二) 非谓语动词的复合结构 • (三) 非谓语动词的表示法 • (四) 非谓语动词的固定搭配 • (五) 非谓语动词的固定句型在英语中,不能做句子谓语,而是 • 担任其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓 • 语动词. • 一.种类 • • 不定式 动名词 分词 二.非谓语动词在句子中的作用 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 作 用 种类 动词不定式 ? ? ? ? ? ? 动名词 ? ? ? ? × × 分词 × × ? ? ? ? 1.动词不定式和动名词做主语 ?表泛指意义的行为时,多用动名词 (也可用不定式)做主语,但表示具体 的行为(特别是将来的行为),必须用 不定式做主语. e.g.: Seeing is believing To see is to believe。 To see him is not easy this time ?.日常英语中,特别是当主语较长而 谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将 不定式放在谓语部分后边 e.g.: It is human to want something better.精益求精是人的特性 在It’s no use(或good,need)…或 It’s useless(或worthwhile)…等结构 中,常用动名词做真正主语. It is no use sending him over。 ?.简短的揭示语中常用动名词 No smoking. 2.动词不定式,动名词,分词都可做表语 ?动词不定式和动名词做表语的区别 与做主语时一样 ?现在分词做表语,具有主动的含义, 意味着“起这种作用”,而过去分词做 表语具有被动的含义,意味着“受这种 影响“e.g.: The work was tiring. The workers were soon tired. ?做表语的现在分词表特性,过去分词表 状态(构成被动语态表动作) The situation is encouraging . 形势令人鼓舞. The book is well written. 这本书写得很好. ?做表语的不定式有时可以省略符号“to” 这时在主语部分必须含有动词do,而做表 语的不定式是解释do的精确意思;且这个to也可以不省略. All I did was(to) give him a little push.我只是稍稍推了他一下. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest. 3.动词不定式和动名词做宾语 有些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语. 如:hope,want,wish,deside等 有些动词只能用动名词做宾语. 如:finish,avoid,enjoy,mind等 有些动词既能用动词不定式又能 用动名词做宾语.如:try,begin,like 等,但意义有所不同. 介词的宾语一般多用动名词而动词不 定式只是在个别介词后面以“连接词+不 定式”的形式出现 He is fond of swimming. He has his own idea of how to do it. 4.动词不定式和分词都可做补足语 Mr. Smith wants his son to became a lawyer. I saw a girl running to me. 5.动词不定式,动名词和分词都可做定语 ?现在分词常表示“动作正在进行”, 此时或当时的状态等;过去分词则常 表示“动作发生在谓语动词的动作前” 等I know the man standing there. Is there anything planned for tonight? ?动词不定式做定语时,被修饰的名 词多为它的逻辑宾语;如果动词不定 式是不及物动词时,要带有必要的介 词,构成及物动词短语. There is a warm room to live in. 6.动词不定式和分词都可做状语 ?动词不定式在某些形容词后(如 good,sorry,pleased等)作原因状语 (也有人认为是宾语) I am glad to meet you. ?分词做时间,原因或条件状语时,通 常位于句子的前部;做方式,伴随或结Walking in the street,I saw her. (时间状语) The parents died,leaving him an orphan.(结果状语) 果状语时,通常位于句子的后部.