英语作文逻辑顺序

英语作文逻辑顺序 篇一:英语写作逻辑词 词的运用英语写作专训练——过渡词 一. 教学内容: 英语写作专题训练——过渡词 众所周知，要写出清晰流畅的文章，需要把文章中各部分巧妙地连接在一起。这样可使文章自然而别致，并能层层展开主题句，完整地达中心思想。而过渡词(Transitional Words)是连接这些部分的纽带。 过渡词是一种关系指引词，一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。此外，代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词能使文章启、承、转、合，融会贯通，连成一体。 一、过渡词的分类 1. 根据意思和作用的不同，过渡词可以分为以下十五类: (1)表并列关系的过渡词: and, also， as well, as well as， or, too, not only„but also, both „ and, either „ or, neither„nor (2)表递进关系的过渡词: besides, in addition(加之，除„„之外), moreover(此外，而且), what’s more， what’s worse (3)表转折对比的过渡词: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only„but also, here„there, years ago„today, this„that, the former„the latter, then„now, the first„ whereas the second, once„now, on the one hand „ on the other hand, some„others (4)表原因的过渡词: because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to(由 于) (5)表结果的过渡词: so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so„ that, such„that (6)表条件的过渡词: if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as (7)表时间的过渡词: when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment (8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词: first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(后来), meanwhile(几乎同时), thereafter(在那以后), last, finally, eventually(终于) (9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way (10)表进行举例说明的过渡词: for instance, for example, like, such as (11)表陈述事实的过渡词: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth (12)表强调的过渡词: certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously (13)表比较的过渡词: like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to (14)表目的的过渡词: for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to (15)表总结的过渡词: in a word(总之，简言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary 2. 文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称 为启、承、转、合。―启‖就是开头, ―承‖是承接，―转‖是 转折，―合‖是综合或总结。 (1)用于―启‖的过渡词语 用于表示―启‖的过渡词或过渡 性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头: first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently, It is often said that„, As the proverb says„, It goes without saying that„, It is clear/obvious that„, Many people often ask „ (2)用于―承‖的过渡词语 表示―承‖的过渡词或过渡性的 语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中: second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt， It is true that„, Everybody knows that„, It can be easily proved that„, No one can deny that„ The reason why „is that „, There is no doubt that„, To take„for an example (instance) „, We know that„, What is more serious is that„ (3)用于―转‖的过渡词语 用于―转‖的过渡词或过渡性的 语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中: but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(无论如何), nevertheless(虽然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of ..., yet, instead, I do not believe that„, Perhaps you’ll ask why„ This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to„, Though we are in basic agreement with „, yet differences will be found, That’s why I feel that„ (4)用于―合‖的过渡词语 用于―合‖的过渡词或过渡性的 语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中: in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking，to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus，after all(毕竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(总之), on the whole(就整体而言), to sum up From this point of view „ On account of this we can find that „ The result is dependent on „ Thus, this is the reason why we must„ 二、过渡词的应用 有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌;有的写 复杂句时，动辄用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet等非 但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为 了避免这种现象，可以通过使用不同的过渡词,不仅能够丰富句 型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。例如: 1. 学生习作 TV and website TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites also have different sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in. They are different in many ways. Moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs change every day. Professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Some information on websites change all the time. Not all of it is so updated. Everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter. Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better. 这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清， 意思支离破碎。如果使用过渡词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主 次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构 严谨。 修改后的文章: TV and website Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in. However, they are different in many ways. Above all, moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation, which makes you feel as if you are just on the spot. Then, the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Unlike TV, some information on websites change all the time, but not all of it is so updated. In addition, everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter. In a word, every medium has its own features, so it is hard to say which is better. 修改后的文章用过渡词来衔接上下段 第一段第一句为:Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. 第二段第一句为:However, they are different in many ways. 第三段第一句为:In a word, every medium has its own features„ 这篇短文每一段的第一句都是主题句，在每个主题句前使用 Both„and, However, In a word使全文有序地衔接起来。 如果在文章中再恰当使用其他的过渡词，会使文章增色很多。 (见上文) 我们常常遇到这样的作文题目，如:发展私人轿车的利与弊、 科学发明的利与弊、网上购物的利与弊。这些题目常常是谈论一 个事物的两个方面，这时只要使用表示转折的过渡词就能很好地 连接上下段。 As a new way of shopping, online shopping is becoming more and more popular in our daily life. Online shopping has many advantages. First, online shopping makes it easier for us to buy things. Instead of searching a crowded store, we just need to watch the computer screen and choose the things we like. Second, it is much faster for us to do shopping. We don’t have to spend a lot of time going to shops. Third, we can see a great deal of goods shown on the computer screen at the same time. However, online shopping is not so perfect. The pictures of goods shown on the computer screen are not always what they are. As a result, we can be cheated easily. What’s worse, we can not see the things in detail. Despite the disadvantages of online shopping, I think it is an advanced way to do shopping. So we should develop it. 2. 2005年高考作文题 我们主要看一下今年的高考作文题中过渡词的使用: 2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(1) 英 语 第二节 书面表达(满分25分) 假定你是李华，正在英国牛津参加短期语言，星期天 去伦敦旅游。互联网上一则广告引起了你的注意，但一些具体信 息不明确(箭头所指内容)。请给该旅行社发一封电子邮件，询问 有关情况。 注意: 1. 词数100左右，信的格式已为你写好。 2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 参考词汇:牛津——Oxford 费用——fee Dear Sir/Madame, ______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua Possible version: Dear Sir/Madame, I’m writing for more information about the day tour to London. As a student at Oxford University, I’d like to know if you have any special price for students. As for the money you charge, does it cover the entrance fees for visiting the places listed? What about lunch? Is it included? Or do I need to bring along my own food? How long will the tour last? Since I need to prepare my lessons for the next day, I’d like to know the time to return. Besides, is there any time for shopping? I really want to have a look at the big stores in London. Yours,Li Hua 2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(北京卷) 第四部分:书面表达(共两节，35分) 第一节 情景作文(20分) 篇二:什么是逻辑顺序 什么是逻辑顺序? 2007-09-21 22:23 提问者采纳 逻辑顺序,按照人们认识事物的规律安排说明顺序。这种顺序常用于事理说明文。 说明文的顺序主要取决于对象的特点，由于说明的对象特点各异，顺序也就不同。说明顺序常见的有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。逻辑顺序主要有以下几种: 由一般到特殊。如《中国石拱桥》先说世界上石拱桥的特点，然后说中国石拱桥的特点，再说中国石拱桥的杰作——赵州桥和卢沟桥，就是按由一般到特殊的顺序，使读者对中国石拱桥的了解由浅入深，从总貌到具体。 由具体到抽象。如《看云识天气》为了说明根据云的变化来推测天气的阴晴风雨这一抽象道理，先描绘各种云的形态特点和云层的厚薄、位置变化，从而说明云的形态和天气变化的关系。 由主要到次要。如《苏州园林》先用高度概括的语言综合说明苏州园林的共同特征，再用较多的笔墨主要说明苏州园林在四大方面的具体特征，接下来用简洁的语言点明苏州园林的细部特征，就是按照由主到次的顺序说明的。 由抽象到本质。人们认识事物往往是从表象入手，由表及里地去了解事物的本质。如《死海不死》先说“即使是不会游泳的人，也总是浮在水面上，不用担心会被淹死”，又用两千年前罗马统帅狄杜进兵耶路撒冷、处决俘虏的传说，形象地说明死海浮力大， 课文接着对浮力大做了科学说明，是因为死海的咸度高。 由原因到结果。《向沙漠进军》先说明沙漠对人类的严重危害， 揭示了向沙漠进军的原因，再介绍人类向沙漠进军的和取得 的成果，这一说明顺序既符合事物的发展规律，又符合人们的阅 读习惯，使文章有很强的逻辑性。 由概念到应用。如《统筹方法》一开头便下定义:“统筹方法， 是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。”接着指出它实用范围的广泛 性，然后重点说明统筹方法的应用问题。这种先概念后应用，先 理论后实践的顺序也属逻辑顺序。 篇三:高考英文写作中常用的逻辑词 高考英文写作中常用的逻辑词、句 1. 并列关系 and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example 2. 转折关系 although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite 3. 顺序关系 first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next 4. 因果关系 as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of 5. 归纳关系 as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word 几个用得比较多的句子: As far as I am concerned, the advantages of „ outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of „ is undeniable. To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that „ bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent. Obviously, in every aspect, „ This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between„and„ As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive. 英文作文中常用套句 下文中出现的 A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody), 要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换. 开头: When it comes to ..., some think ... There is a public debate today that ... A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one? Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus. 提出观点: Now there is a growing awareness that... It is time we explore the truth of ... Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible. 进一步提出观点: ... but that is only part of the history. Another equally important aspect is ... A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are... 提出假想例子的方式: Suppose that... Just imagine what would be like if... It is reasonable to expect... It is not surprising that... 举 普通例子: For example(instance),... ... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth) A good case in point is... A particular example for this is... 引 用: One of the greatest early writers said ... "Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ... "......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...). "......". How often we hear such words like there. 讲故事 (先说故事主体),this story is not rare. ..., such delimma we often meet in daily life. ..., the story still has a realistic significance. 提出原因: There are many reasons for ... Why .... , for one thing,... The answer to this problem involves many factors. Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ... The first reason can be obiviously seen. Most people would agree that... Some people may neglect that in fact ... Others suggest that... Part of the explanation is ... 进行对比: The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of... Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ... Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned. A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that... 承上启下: To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see... A study of ... will make this point clear 让步: Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as... I do not deny that A has its own merits. 结尾: From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ... In summary, it is wiser ... In short... 在作文中引用合适的名言警句,会给你的文章增色许多。这里收 集了我本人喜爱的一些名言,可能会对你有用。我们使用引用的位 置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中. 常见的使用形式如下: One of the greatest early writers said ... "Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ... "......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...). "......". How often we hear such words like there. Useful quotations 逆境 by Robert Collier In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time. 努力与成功 by Ann Landers Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them. 坚持 by Ralph Waldo Emerson No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves. Confucius 孔子 Our greatest glory is not in never falling... but in rising every time we fall. 坚持 Mother Teresa To keep a lamp burning we have to keep putting oil in it. Hey Ford Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it inuo small jobs. Winston Churchill Never, never, never, never give up. Albert Einstein In uhe middle of difficulty lies opportunity. 努力与成功 by Crassus Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly. Thomas Edison There is no substitute for hard work. Leo Tolstoi The strongest of all warriors are these two- Time and Patience. Thomas Jefferson I'm a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work... the more I have of it. Robert Collier Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out. Ray A. Croc Luck (转自:wWw.bdFqy.com 千 叶帆 文摘:英语作文逻辑顺 序)is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get. 实际经验与间接经验 You'll learn more about a road by traveling it... than by consulting all the maps in the world. 动机与结果 Vince Lombardi Winning isn't everything... but wanting to win is. John F. Kennedy We choose to go!to the moon and other things , oot because they are easy, but because they are hard. Thucydides The strong do what they will. The weak do what they must. 为人态度: John Wooden Talent is God given--Be Humble. Fame is man given-- Be Thankful. Conceit is self given --Be Careful. 行动: Theodore Roosevelt Do what you can , with what you have , with where you are. Publilius Syrus Maxim No one knows what he can do till he tries. Terence There is nothing so easy but that it becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly. Thomas Fuller A wise man turns chance into good fortune. William Hazlitt Prosperity is a great teacher; adversity is a greater. William Penn No pains, no palm; no thorns, no throne; no gall , no glory; no cross, no crown. Will Rogers Even if you're on the right track, you'll get run over... if you just sit there. Opportunity rarely knocks on your door. Knock rather on opportunity's door if you ardently wish to enter. 成功与失败 Vince Lombardi It's not whether you get knocked down. ...It's whether you get up again. Winston Churchill An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity. 热情(年轻/年老) Ralph Waldo Emerson Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.信 心 James Allen The will to do springs from the knowledge that we can do. Samuel Johnson Few things are impossible to diligence and skill. Aughey Lost time is never found again. Voltaire No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking. Napoleon Victory belongs to the most persevering. 细心 Euipides Leave no stone unturned.计划与工作 Norman Vincent Peale Plan your work for today and every day; then work your plan. Hey Ford Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again. Thomas Edison I start where the last man left off.