纯母乳喂养怎样补钙和维D

纯母乳喂养怎样补钙和维D 维生素D与甲状旁腺共同作用，维持血钙的水平稳定，它是钙磷代谢的重要的调节因子之一，维持钙和磷的正常水平。这对正常骨骼的矿化，肌肉收缩，神经传导以及体内所有细胞的功能都是必需的，同时维生素D还具有免疫调节功能，可改变机体对感染的反应。 我的宝宝出生10天了，保健站的大夫在访视时告诉我应该在孩子出生后15天加鱼肝油和钙剂。我是纯母乳喂养，还需要加吗?应该如何添加? 答:钙是构成人体的重要组成部分，占人体重量的1.5%,2.0%。其中99%存在骨骼和牙齿中。钙对维持神经兴奋性的维持、血液凝固、肌肉收缩和舒张、腺体的分泌、对多种酶有激活作用。钙主要受甲状旁腺素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)与1，25–(OH)2–D3的共同调节，钙的吸收也需要一定的磷，磷缺乏也会影响钙的吸收。钙和磷的比例为2?1，钙的排泄主要是通过肠道与泌尿系统，皮肤汗液也有一定量的排出。母乳中含有一定量的钙(36,40毫克/100毫升)和适当比例的磷。 维生素D与甲状旁腺共同作用，维持血钙的水平稳定，它是钙磷代谢的重要的调节因子之一，维持钙和磷的正常水平。这对正常骨骼的矿化，肌肉收缩，神经传导以及体内所有细胞的功能都是必需的，同时维生素D还具有免疫调节功能，可改变机体对感染的反应。 新生儿 切忌 哺乳前喂养 method of basic operation; including CT, and MRI various contrast, and Image-guided biopsy, ultrasound, etc. (11) teaching, scientific research and training in clinical teaching, written within three years with some level of review or book reports of not less than 1. Four, to read reference books, Journal of internal medicine (medical college planning materials) and of the medical imaging (medical college planning materials); the practical science; the Harrison Science (in English), Chinese Journal of internal medicine series. Surgical surgical specialist refers to the rules complete the medical undergraduate or graduate education Foundation, accepted and adopted surgical specialist training, surgical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and follow-up of common diseases, surgical diagnosis and treatment of rare or incurable diseases, acute and critical illness in emergency and rescue have preliminary knowledge and experience. Surgical specialist training for 3 years. A surgical specialist, training goals through training, trainees to achieve surgical specialist level, with more skilled surgical skills, can guide the teaching of 在母亲第一次喂母乳前给新生儿糖水或配方奶，称为“哺乳前喂养”。哺乳前喂养会使新生儿产生“乳头错觉”(奶瓶的奶头比母亲的奶头容易吸吮)，另一方面，因为奶粉冲制的奶比妈妈的奶甜，也会使新生儿不再爱吃妈妈的奶，造成母乳喂养失败。 一方面，新生儿得不到具有抗感染作用的初乳;另一方面，人工喂养又极易受细菌或病毒污染而引起新生儿腹泻。 什么是哺乳前喂养? 在母亲第一次喂母乳前给新生儿糖水或配方奶，称为“哺乳前喂养”。新生儿切忌“哺乳前喂养” 哺乳前喂养的严重性 1.新生儿不愿吃妈妈的奶 哺乳前喂养会使新生儿产生“乳头错觉”(奶瓶的奶头比母亲的奶头容易吸吮)，另一方面，因为奶粉冲制的奶比妈妈的奶甜，也会使新生儿不再爱吃妈妈的奶，造成母乳喂养失败。 一方面，新生儿得不到具有抗感染作用的初乳;另一方面，人工喂养又极易受细菌或病毒污染而引起新生儿腹泻。 2.母亲将身心受损 新生儿减少对母乳的吸吮，可使母亲产生一种错觉，误认为自己奶水不够，造成心理压力。一旦新生儿抵制母乳，母亲很容易形成失落感和挫败感，且新生儿不愿吃母乳，乳母易发生奶胀和乳腺炎。防止新生儿吃奶睡着方法 注意:新生宝宝不能吃盐 新生宝宝母乳喂养好处多 忌轻易放弃哺乳 母乳，母婴之间的血脉纽带 母乳的好处人尽皆知，妈妈们也都清楚母乳喂养对孩子的发育是有极大帮助的。况且从method of basic operation; including CT, and MRI various contrast, and Image-guided biopsy, ultrasound, etc. (11) teaching, scientific research and training in clinical teaching, written within three years with some level of review or book reports of not less than 1. Four, to read reference books, Journal of internal medicine (medical college planning materials) and of the medical imaging (medical college planning materials); the practical science; the Harrison Science (in English), Chinese Journal of internal medicine series. Surgical surgical specialist refers to the rules complete the medical undergraduate or graduate education Foundation, accepted and adopted surgical specialist training, surgical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and follow-up of common diseases, surgical diagnosis and treatment of rare or incurable diseases, acute and critical illness in emergency and rescue have preliminary knowledge and experience. Surgical specialist training for 3 years. A surgical specialist, training goals through training, trainees to achieve surgical specialist level, with more skilled surgical skills, can guide the teaching of 亲子关系上，母乳喂养是宝宝从你身体里出来后唯一连接母子的血脉纽带。也许刚刚开始的哺乳过程中会遇到很多困难，但不一定都是妈妈无乳，有些是由客观原因造成的，妈妈们千万不要轻易就放弃母乳喂养。 宝宝拒绝母乳的可能性: 1.患病:新生儿除了拒绝吃奶外，还伴有呕吐、腹泻、黄疸、痉挛等。 解决办法:这时应将新生儿带到医院就诊。 2.鼻腔或口腔有问题:如新生儿感冒引起鼻塞，或口腔内患鹅口疮。 解决办法:鼻塞应该疏通鼻腔;鹅口疮可用制霉菌素或龙胆紫涂在小儿口腔内，每日3次。 3.吸乳能力差:体重低于1800克的新生儿，可能发生吸吮困难。 解决办法:可以将挤出来的奶用杯和匙喂给新生儿，直到新生儿吸吮能力增强为止。 4.新生儿和母亲分开过:新生儿出生后由于母亲生病或上班，使母婴分开一段时间，可能会出现新生儿拒奶情况。宝宝湿疹解决办法:根据宝宝的脾性，以妈妈的耐心和爱心，尝试在各个时间段、各种环境中唤起孩子对母乳的渴望。防止新生儿吃奶睡着方法 注意:新生宝宝不能吃盐 新生宝宝母乳喂养好处多 婴儿因处于快速生长发育期，对维生素D的需求量相对较大。母乳中维生素D的水平较低。维生素D既可由膳食供给，又可经适宜阳光照射皮肤合成。家长应该尽早抱孩子到户外活动，接受适宜的阳光照射。但是在寒冷的北方冬春季和南方的梅雨季节，适当地补充维生素method of basic operation; including CT, and MRI various contrast, and Image-guided biopsy, ultrasound, etc. (11) teaching, scientific research and training in clinical teaching, written within three years with some level of review or book reports of not less than 1. Four, to read reference books, Journal of internal medicine (medical college planning materials) and of the medical imaging (medical college planning materials); the practical science; the Harrison Science (in English), Chinese Journal of internal medicine series. Surgical surgical specialist refers to the rules complete the medical undergraduate or graduate education Foundation, accepted and adopted surgical specialist training, surgical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and follow-up of common diseases, surgical diagnosis and treatment of rare or incurable diseases, acute and critical illness in emergency and rescue have preliminary knowledge and experience. Surgical specialist training for 3 years. A surgical specialist, training goals through training, trainees to achieve surgical specialist level, with more skilled surgical skills, can guide the teaching of D的制剂对预防维生素D缺乏尤为重要。对于早产儿、双胞胎、冬节或梅雨季节出生以及人工喂养的婴儿，应及时补充维生素D。如果小婴儿缺乏钙，同时也缺乏维生素D，那么就出现骨质软化症和佝偻病，表现:多汗，易惊甚至出现手足搐搦。久之骨质软化导致乒乓球头颅，肋缘外翻，肋串珠，四肢表现为手镯、脚镯，X形或O形腿 。 根据2007年卫生部发布的《中国居民膳食指南》，钙的摄入量为: 0,6个月:纯母乳喂养的婴儿每天钙的生理需要量为300毫克，人工喂养的婴儿考虑到非母乳来源的钙吸收率较低，故定为每天需要钙400毫克。 7个月,1岁:因为母乳摄入量明显减少，钙的浓度也相应地减低，辅食增多，考虑到增长需要及辅食钙吸收率较低的原因，定为每天需要钙400毫克 。 1,3岁:每天发育需要钙600毫克。 维生素D的摄入: 纯母乳喂养的婴儿可于出生后1,2周开始每天需要补充维生素D400,800IU。南方的婴儿每天需要补充400,600IU。北方婴儿每天需要补充600,800IU。早产儿也要加至每天600,800IU。对于每日口method of basic operation; including CT, and MRI various contrast, and Image-guided biopsy, ultrasound, etc. (11) teaching, scientific research and training in clinical teaching, written within three years with some level of review or book reports of not less than 1. Four, to read reference books, Journal of internal medicine (medical college planning materials) and of the medical imaging (medical college planning materials); the practical science; the Harrison Science (in English), Chinese Journal of internal medicine series. Surgical surgical specialist refers to the rules complete the medical undergraduate or graduate education Foundation, accepted and adopted surgical specialist training, surgical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and follow-up of common diseases, surgical diagnosis and treatment of rare or incurable diseases, acute and critical illness in emergency and rescue have preliminary knowledge and experience. Surgical specialist training for 3 years. A surgical specialist, training goals through training, trainees to achieve surgical specialist level, with more skilled surgical skills, can guide the teaching of 服维生素D有困难者，每月可一次给婴儿口服维生素D5万,10万IU。 本文版权属于婴儿湿疹网 method of basic operation; including CT, and MRI various contrast, and Image-guided biopsy, ultrasound, etc. (11) teaching, scientific research and training in clinical teaching, written within three years with some level of review or book reports of not less than 1. Four, to read reference books, Journal of internal medicine (medical college planning materials) and of the medical imaging (medical college planning materials); the practical science; the Harrison Science (in English), Chinese Journal of internal medicine series. Surgical surgical specialist refers to the rules complete the medical undergraduate or graduate education Foundation, accepted and adopted surgical specialist training, surgical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and follow-up of common diseases, surgical diagnosis and treatment of rare or incurable diseases, acute and critical illness in emergency and rescue have preliminary knowledge and experience. Surgical specialist training for 3 years. A surgical specialist, training goals through training, trainees to achieve surgical specialist level, with more skilled surgical skills, can guide the teaching of