红楼梦》人物——林黛玉赏析

红楼梦》人物——林黛玉赏析 《红楼梦》人物——林黛玉赏析案例 宜春六小 南文霞 教学目的: 1(了解林黛玉性格特点以及小说刻画这些人物所运用的外貌描 写、语言描写等主要方法。 2(认识《红楼梦》的反封建意义和作者曹雪芹对当时社会黑暗 现实的批判态度。 3(人物的性格特点及描写人物的方法是重点～体会《红楼梦》 一书的反封建意义是难点。 教学时数:一课时 教学过程: 一、预习 借助注释和工具书～通读《红楼梦》～初步感受。 二、师导入 《红楼梦》与《西游记》、《三国演义》、《水浒传》一起被誉为中国古代四大名著～也有人称其为百科全书～因为在这本书中既写到医学方面的知识又谈到了烹饪等方面的知识。 the drawings, first to become familiar with the drawings, mainly about the following aspects: 1) pages of drawings and diagrams, maps; 2) a comprehensive understanding of drawing; 3) finding of design-driven dimensions (), do not resize and adjust the size; 4) questioned the drawings; 5) develop buries a construction programme and technical clarification; 6) clear corners and special treatment; 7) controlled construction drawings to verify construction scheme and design. (2) at the construction site to find subject planted area: various engineering, first on the scene to find planted area, it must first understand the curtain wall installation section, and some projects are all curtain wall, the entire project is a region-wide, only partial walls, the zone is local. (3) identify the axis positioning: positioning the drawings shown in axis compared with the actual construction site to find out exactly where the axis positioning, axis positioning function are: 1) to help determine the origin of curtain walls; 2) acceptance of the installation is accurate; 3) adjust errors, and determine the error range. (4) find anchor points: according to site to find the exact location of the axis, according to the drawings provided by the content determine the positioning point; number of anchor points shall not be less than two points. Repeated measurements determine the location points must ensure that the positioning is correct. (5) take level (level): level (minor works available in horizontal pipe), the two anchor points determine the horizontal position. Level according to use 作者曹雪芹～名～字梦阮～号雪芹。大约生于1715年～卒于1763年。他祖先原是汉人～但很早成了正白旗内务府的‚包衣?(满语奴隶之意)～入了满籍。在康熙时～曹家是非常显赫的贵族世家。雍王即位后～曹雪芹的父亲， 因与皇家派别斗争有牵连～以及在江宁织造任期内财款亏空等原因～被罢官～抄家～家道从此衰落。作者的一生恰好经历了曹家由盛而衰的过程～由贵公子～降为 ‚寒士?。当他著书时～已过着穷困潦倒的生活。这种天壤之别的生活变化～促使他对过去的经历作一番深刻而痛苦的回忆～《红楼梦》也因此而诞生。 据专家考证～《红楼梦》共110回～前80 回是曹雪芹所著～后40回为高鹗所续写了～补成了现行的120回本。 《红楼梦》开篇～用‚女娲补天?‚木石前盟?两个神话故事作楔子～为塑造贾宝玉和林黛玉的恋爱故事～染上一层浪漫主义色彩。 ‚女娲补天?:作者描写一块‚无材补天～幻形入世?的顽石～这便是随宝玉一起降生～又为宝玉随身佩带的‚通灵宝玉?。 ‚木石前盟?交代这块顽石与绛珠仙草的关系。这顽石投胎入世之前～曾变为神瑛侍者以甘露灌溉了一棵‚绛珠仙草?～使其脱去草木之态～修成女体。所以顽石下凡～她为报灌溉之恩～把一生的眼泪还他。这绛珠仙草就是林黛玉的前身。正因为这一段姻缘～他们初见时～林黛玉有‚好生奇怪～倒像在那里见过一the drawings, first to become familiar with the drawings, mainly about the following aspects: 1) pages of drawings and diagrams, maps; 2) a comprehensive understanding of drawing; 3) finding of design-driven dimensions (), do not resize and adjust the size; 4) questioned the drawings; 5) develop buries a construction programme and technical clarification; 6) clear corners and special treatment; 7) controlled construction drawings to verify construction scheme and design. (2) at the construction site to find subject planted area: various engineering, first on the scene to find planted area, it must first understand the curtain wall installation section, and some projects are all curtain wall, the entire project is a region-wide, only partial walls, the zone is local. (3) identify the axis positioning: positioning the drawings shown in axis compared with the actual construction site to find out exactly where the axis positioning, axis positioning function are: 1) to help determine the origin of curtain walls; 2) acceptance of the installation is accurate; 3) adjust errors, and determine the error range. (4) find anchor points: according to site to find the exact location of the axis, according to the drawings provided by the content determine the positioning point; number of anchor points shall not be less than two points. Repeated measurements determine the location points must ensure that the positioning is correct. (5) take level (level): level (minor works available in horizontal pipe), the two anchor points determine the horizontal position. Level according to use 般?的感觉～贾宝玉也觉得‚这个妹妹我曾见过的?‚看着面善～心里就算是旧相识～今日只作远别重逢?。 三、学生读描写宝玉与黛玉初次见面的对话的句子。,出示幻灯片, 四、师简介《红楼梦》中的人物关系。 第二回通过‚冷子兴演说荣国府?～作者向读者介绍了贾府中的人物关系～为读者阅读全书开列了一个简明‚人物?。贾府中上上下下的人物关系～大致可列表图示如下: 贾敷 宁国公 贾演,贾代化 贾珍——贾蓉,妻子秦可卿, 贾敬贾惜春 贾赦 贾琏 巧姐 ,邢夫人, ,王熙凤, 贾迎春 贾珠 贾兰 荣国公 贾源,贾代善 贾政 ,李纨, ,贾母, ,王夫人, 贾元春 贾宝玉 贾探春,赵姨娘所生, the drawings, first to become familiar with the drawings, mainly about the following aspects: 1) pages of drawings and diagrams, maps; 2) a comprehensive understanding of drawing; 3) finding of design-driven dimensions (), do not resize and adjust the size; 4) questioned the drawings; 5) develop buries a construction programme and technical clarification; 6) clear corners and special treatment; 7) controlled construction drawings to verify construction scheme and design. (2) at the construction site to find subject planted area: various engineering, first on the scene to find planted area, it must first understand the curtain wall installation section, and some projects are all curtain wall, the entire project is a region-wide, only partial walls, the zone is local. (3) identify the axis positioning: positioning the drawings shown in axis compared with the actual construction site to find out exactly where the axis positioning, axis positioning function are: 1) to help determine the origin of curtain walls; 2) acceptance of the installation is accurate; 3) adjust errors, and determine the error range. (4) find anchor points: according to site to find the exact location of the axis, according to the drawings provided by the content determine the positioning point; number of anchor points shall not be less than two points. Repeated measurements determine the location points must ensure that the positioning is correct. (5) take level (level): level (minor works available in horizontal pipe), the two anchor points determine the horizontal position. Level according to use 贾敏 ,林如海, 林黛玉 五、分析林黛玉外貌。 1、 师: 曹雪芹把我们民族的审美积淀进行了新的熔铸和创造～他把杨贵妃式的丰美赋予了薛宝钗～而把更富有魅力的西施式的清瘦之美给了林黛玉～使林黛玉的形象具有绝世的姿容～作者有意将林黛玉的外貌与西施联系起来～并将西施"捧心而蹙"、袅娜风流的外形之美赋予林黛玉～还借宝玉之口给她取字"颦颦"～便突出了她的悲剧性格之美。 2、学生读有关林黛玉外貌描写的句子。,出示幻灯片, 六、分析林黛玉的性格。 1、师 :林黛玉的娇美姿容是迷人的。然而～使她动人心魄、更具艺术魅力的～则是她无与伦比的丰富而优美的精神世界。林黛玉首先是个内慧外秀的女性～她"心较比干多一窍"。她的蒙师贾雨村说～这女学生"言语举止另是一样～不与凡女子相同。"因其母名贾敏～"他读书凡‘敏’字他皆念作‘密’字～写字遇着‘敏’字亦减一二笔。"她到贾府时～尚在孩提～却牢记母亲生前的嘱咐:"外祖母家与别家不同～......要步步留心～时时在意～不要多说一句话～不可多行一步路～恐被人耻笑了去。"她总是眼看心想～暗暗审视,然其言行举止～却又那样彬彬有礼。但我们同时也感觉到～她一开始便受到心理上的压抑。林黛玉母the drawings, first to become familiar with the drawings, mainly about the following aspects: 1) pages of drawings and diagrams, maps; 2) a comprehensive understanding of drawing; 3) finding of design-driven dimensions (), do not resize and adjust the size; 4) questioned the drawings; 5) develop buries a construction programme and technical clarification; 6) clear corners and special treatment; 7) controlled construction drawings to verify construction scheme and design. (2) at the construction site to find subject planted area: various engineering, first on the scene to find planted area, it must first understand the curtain wall installation section, and some projects are all curtain wall, the entire project is a region-wide, only partial walls, the zone is local. (3) identify the axis positioning: positioning the drawings shown in axis compared with the actual construction site to find out exactly where the axis positioning, axis positioning function are: 1) to help determine the origin of curtain walls; 2) acceptance of the installation is accurate; 3) adjust errors, and determine the error range. (4) find anchor points: according to site to find the exact location of the axis, according to the drawings provided by the content determine the positioning point; number of anchor points shall not be less than two points. Repeated measurements determine the location points must ensure that the positioning is correct. (5) take level (level): level (minor works available in horizontal pipe), the two anchor points determine the horizontal position. Level according to use 亲去世后‚上无亲母教养～下无姊妹兄弟扶持～在外祖母一再致意下～才去都中投奔外家～依傍外祖母及舅氏姐妹?。过去在家‚常听得母亲说过～他外祖母家与别家不同。他近日所见的这几个三等仆妇～吃穿用度～已是不凡了～何况今至其家。因此步步留心～时时在意～不肯轻易多说一句话～多行一步路～惟恐被人耻笑了他去。?尽管外祖母‚心肝儿肉?地疼她～宝贝儿似的待她～但总有寄人篱下之感～待人处事始终是‚步步留心～时时在意?。 例如在邢夫人处～邢夫人‚苦留?她吃晚饭～她婉言谢绝了:‚舅母爱惜赐饭～原不应辞～只是还要过去拜见二舅舅～恐领了赐去不恭……?一席话既表明了她对邢夫人的尊敬与感激～又表明了自己顾全大局的礼节～说明她待人接物是处处留心的。 再如～在王夫人房中～王夫人坐在西边下首～见黛玉来了～便往东让～而黛玉料定那是贾政之位～绝不肯坐～便向挨炕的椅上坐了。可见～黛玉连坐在哪里～都非常细心～绝不轻易从事。 在贾母房中吃饭时～更是如此。贾母正面榻上独坐～两边四张空椅～当王熙凤拉黛玉入座时～黛玉也十分推让了一番～直到贾母作了解释后～方才告了座～坐了。 黛玉的留心与在意～还表现在随时改正一些不适宜的对答上。比如当贾母问黛玉念何书时～黛玉照实回答:‚只刚念了《四书》。 ?但当黛玉‚又问姊妹们读何书?时～贾母却说:‚读的是什么书～不过是认得两个字～不是睁眼的瞎子罢了!?黛玉听the drawings, first to become familiar with the drawings, mainly about the following aspects: 1) pages of drawings and diagrams, maps; 2) a comprehensive understanding of drawing; 3) finding of design-driven dimensions (), do not resize and adjust the size; 4) questioned the drawings; 5) develop buries a construction programme and technical clarification; 6) clear corners and special treatment; 7) controlled construction drawings to verify construction scheme and design. (2) at the construction site to find subject planted area: various engineering, first on the scene to find planted area, it must first understand the curtain wall installation section, and some projects are all curtain wall, the entire project is a region-wide, only partial walls, the zone is local. (3) identify the axis positioning: positioning the drawings shown in axis compared with the actual construction site to find out exactly where the axis positioning, axis positioning function are: 1) to help determine the origin of curtain walls; 2) acceptance of the installation is accurate; 3) adjust errors, and determine the error range. (4) find anchor points: according to site to find the exact location of the axis, according to the drawings provided by the content determine the positioning point; number of anchor points shall not be less than two points. Repeated measurements determine the location points must ensure that the positioning is correct. (5) take level (level): level (minor works available in horizontal pipe), the two anchor points determine the horizontal position. Level according to use 得贾母这样说～觉得自己刚才失了口～所以当宝玉问她读什么书时～黛玉便改口道:‚不曾读～只上了一年学～些须认得几个字。? 黛玉这种‚步步留心～时时在意?的谨慎态度～是她寄人篱下感情的反映～也是节选中性格主要的一面。 2、学生找出描写黛玉性格的句子。 3、大家讨论黛玉的性情。 七、分析林黛玉的才华。 林黛玉之美～还表现在她才学横溢和浓郁的诗人气质。曹雪芹胸中笔下的林黛玉～是一个诗化了的才女,她有多方面的才能:博览群书～学识渊博。她爱书～不但读《四书》～而且喜读角本杂剧《西厢记》、《牡丹亭》、《桃花扇》等,对于李、杜、王、孟以及李商隐、陆游等人的作品～不仅熟读成诵～且有研究体会,她不仅善鼓琴～且亦识谱。曹雪芹似乎有意将历代才女如薛涛、李清照、叶琼章、李双卿等的某些特点～融进林黛玉的性格。但林黛玉又完全区别于历代的才女～这就是曹雪芹赋予她悲剧命运和叛逆精神的个性特征。不过这种个性特征～在一定程度上～是通过她诗人的气质和诗作表现出来的。在大观园里～她与薛宝钗可谓"双峰对峙～二水分流～"远远高于诸裙钗～在博学多识方面～可能略逊宝钗～但在诗思的敏捷～诗作的新颖别致、风流飘洒方面～林黛玉却是出类拔萃的。她诗思敏捷～别人写诗～总是苦思冥想～而她却"一挥而就"。 诗社每次赛诗～她的诗作往往为众人所推崇～所欣赏～因而不断夺魁。她的诗之所以写得好～是由于她有极其敏锐的感受力、the drawings, first to become familiar with the drawings, mainly about the following aspects: 1) pages of drawings and diagrams, maps; 2) a comprehensive understanding of drawing; 3) finding of design-driven dimensions (), do not resize and adjust the size; 4) questioned the drawings; 5) develop buries a construction programme and technical clarification; 6) clear corners and special treatment; 7) controlled construction drawings to verify construction scheme and design. (2) at the construction site to find subject planted area: various engineering, first on the scene to find planted area, it must first understand the curtain wall installation section, and some projects are all curtain wall, the entire project is a region-wide, only partial walls, the zone is local. (3) identify the axis positioning: positioning the drawings shown in axis compared with the actual construction site to find out exactly where the axis positioning, axis positioning function are: 1) to help determine the origin of curtain walls; 2) acceptance of the installation is accurate; 3) adjust errors, and determine the error range. (4) find anchor points: according to site to find the exact location of the axis, according to the drawings provided by the content determine the positioning point; number of anchor points shall not be less than two points. Repeated measurements determine the location points must ensure that the positioning is correct. (5) take level (level): level (minor works available in horizontal pipe), the two anchor points determine the horizontal position. Level according to use 丰富奇特的想象力以及融情于景的浸透力,即使一草一木、一山一石等极平凡的事物～她只要一触到～立即就产生丰富的想象～新奇的构思和独持的感受和见解。尤其可贵的是～她能将自己的灵魂融进客观景物、通过咏物抒发自己的痛苦的灵魂和悲剧命运。例如她的《白海棠》诗～既写尽了海棠的神韵～亦倾诉了她少女的衷情。尤其是"娇羞默默同谁诉"一句～最为传神:这既是对海棠神态的描摹～也是自我心灵的独白～她有铭心刻骨之言～但由于环境的压迫和自我封建意识的束缚～就是对同生共命的紫鹃、甚至对心中的爱人贾宝玉～也羞于启齿～只有闷在心里～自己熬煎。这便愈显其孤独、寂寞和痛苦。她的"柳絮词"～优美感人～语多双关～句句似咏柳絮。她深深爱着表哥宝玉～但却不能表达～只有暗自泣泪。 2、学生读黛玉的诗句。,出示幻灯片, 八、 林黛玉死去了～但林黛玉的纯美的精神～她与贾宝玉生死与共的爱情～他们所实践过的爱情原则～她的闪耀着艺术魅力的优美形象～将与日月争辉～与天地共存,这一形象所含蕴的哲理与诗意～将给予不同时代的读者以生活的启示和美感享受。 the drawings, first to become familiar with the drawings, mainly about the following aspects: 1) pages of drawings and diagrams, maps; 2) a comprehensive understanding of drawing; 3) finding of design-driven dimensions (), do not resize and adjust the size; 4) questioned the drawings; 5) develop buries a construction programme and technical clarification; 6) clear corners and special treatment; 7) controlled construction drawings to verify construction scheme and design. (2) at the construction site to find subject planted area: various engineering, first on the scene to find planted area, it must first understand the curtain wall installation section, and some projects are all curtain wall, the entire project is a region-wide, only partial walls, the zone is local. (3) identify the axis positioning: positioning the drawings shown in axis compared with the actual construction site to find out exactly where the axis positioning, axis positioning function are: 1) to help determine the origin of curtain walls; 2) acceptance of the installation is accurate; 3) adjust errors, and determine the error range. (4) find anchor points: according to site to find the exact location of the axis, according to the drawings provided by the content determine the positioning point; number of anchor points shall not be less than two points. Repeated measurements determine the location points must ensure that the positioning is correct. (5) take level (level): level (minor works available in horizontal pipe), the two anchor points determine the horizontal position. Level according to use