RV 1.168

1 RV 1.168 ṛṣi: agastya maitrāvaruṇi; devatā: marudgaṇa; chanda: jagatī, 8-10 triṣṭup y/}a-y?}a v> sm/na tu?tu/vRi[/r! ixy? suiv/tay/ raed?Syaer! m/he v?v&Tya/m! Av?se suv&/iKti->?. 1-168-01 v/ìasae/ n ye Sv/ja> Svt?vs/ #; , s/h/iöya?sae A/pa< naemRy? Aa/sa gavae/ vN*a?sae/ nae][>? . 1-168-02 saema?sae/ n ye su/tas! t&/Ýa~z?vae ù/Tsu pI/tasae? Ê/vsae/ nas?te , @e;a/m! A~se?;u r/iM-[I?v rar-e/ hSte?;u oa/idz! c? k«/itz! c/ s< d?xe . 1-168-03 Av/ Svyu?Kta id/v Aa v&wa? yyu/r! Am?TyaR>/ kz?ya caedt/ Tmna? , A/re/[v?s! tuivja/ta A?cuCyvur! †/¦!hain? icn! m/étae/ æaj?†òy> . 1-168-04 kae vae? =/Ntr! m?ét \iòiv*utae/ rej?it/ Tmna/ hNve?v ij/þya? , x/Nv/Cyut? #/;a< n yam?in pué/àE;a? Ah/Nyae nEt?z> . 1-168-05 Kv iSvd! A/Sy rj?sae m/hs! pr/ ipip?:vtI , -/Ôa vae? ra/it> p&?[/tae n di]?[a p&wu/¿yI? Asu/yˆRv/ jÃ?tI . 1-168-07 àit? òae-iNt/ isNx?v> p/iv_yae/ yd! A/iæya? p&iw/Vya< ydI? "&/tm! m/ét>? àu:[u/viNt? . 1-168-08 AsU?t/ p&iî?r! mh/te r[a?y Tve/;m! A/yasa?m! m/éta/m! AnI?km! , te s?Ps/rasae? =jny/Nta_v/m! Aad! #t! Sv/xam! #?i;/ram! py!R A?pZyn! . 1-168-09 @/; v/ Staemae? mét #/y< gIr! ma?Nda/yRSy? ma/NySy? ka/rae> , @;a ya?sIò t/Nve v/ya< iv/*ame/;< v&/jn sm/na tu?tu/vRi[/r! ixy? suiv/tay/ raed?Syaer! m/he v?v&Tya/m! Av?se suv&/iKti->?. 1-168-01 1 SWIFT gain is his who hath you near at every rite: ye welcome every song of him who serves the Gods. So may I turn you hither with fair hymns of praise to give great succour for the weal of both the worlds.1 Interpretation: ‘At every sacrifice your power of realization is striving to bring it near; and in every Thought you fix the aspirations for the Divine. With my hymns I want to bring you from the beyond to this side for the perfect journey, for the growth and the greatness of the two shining firmaments.” The word tuturvaṇi is a derivation from root tur ‘to overpower’, ‘to rush’, or from tṝ, ‘to cross over’, it can be translated as that of the ‘crossing or overpowering movement’. So at every sacrificial action, yajñā-yajñā, the striving power of Maruts is trying to cross over, seeking realization of [the Divine], vaḥ samanā tuturvaṇiḥ, establishing the aspiration for the Divine, devayā u dadhidhve, in every Thought, dhiyam-dhiyam. The striving power of the Maruts always, at every sacrificial action, is seeking to conquer, to realize, to obtain the union, samana. The Maruts establish in every higher thought an aspiration to reach the Divine. So Agastya Rishi exclaims ‘May I turn you with my hymns towards our growth, avase, for our easy progress, suvitāya, and for the greatness of heaven and earth, rodasyor mahe. Vocabulary: samana, n. (prob. connected with sam, or sama) meeting (cf. a-samana) , assembly, concourse, festival RV. AV.; intercourse, commerce, pursuit RV. i , 48, 6; amorous union, embrace RV. vi , 75 , 4 &c.; conflict, strife ib. vi , 73 , 3 tuturvaṇi, mfn. (fr. tur) striving to bring near or obtain RV. i , 168 , 1. devayā, mfn. going to the gods , longing for them RV. devaya Nom. P. , only p. -yat, loving or serving the gods, religious RV. v/ìasae/ n ye Sv/ja> Svt?vs/ #; , s/h/iöya?sae A/pa< naemRy? Aa/sa gavae/ vN*a?sae/ nae][>? . 1-168-02 1 Griffith’s translation is given first here. 3 vavrā́so ná yé suajā́ḥ svátavasa íṣaṃ súvar abhijā́yanta dhū́tayaḥ sahasríyāso apã́ṃ ná ūrmáya āsā́ gā́vo vándiyāso ná ukṣáṇaḥ 1.168.02 2 Surrounding, as it were, self−born, self−powerful, they spring to life the shakers−down of food and light; Like as the countess undulations of the floods, worthy of praise when near, like bullocks and like kine. Interpretation: “Hidden are they who are self-born, who have their own power, the shakers of all, born for Svar and the Draught, in thousands as if the waves of the Ocean, as if the Cows worthy of praising, as if the Bulls conceiving all.” “For hidden are they who are self-born, who have their own power, the shakers of all, born for Svar and the Draught! In thousands, as if the waves of the Ocean, as if the Bulls and the Cows worthy of praising [they are born to reach the Svar].” The Maruts are born in secret, they have their own power and are called self-born. They are the shakers [of the foundations] born to realise Svar and the Draught as the power of delight, iṣaṃ svar abhijāyanta dhūtayaḥ. Svar abhijāyanta, they are born for the Svar World. The Maruts were meant to conquer the Svar, the world of Indra. It was Prishni, the Divine Mother of the mixed color or intermediary regions (probably of tisro dyāvaḥ) who wanted to take revenge against Indra, who has destroyed her sons, Hiraṇyaksha and Hiraṇyakashipu, and decided to bring to birth the powerful warrior who would be able to conquer Indra. So Kashyapa, her husband, taught her how to perform tapasya to achieve the desired. In Puranas it is Diti, the Mother of dividing consciousness. When she was still pregnant Indra secretly entered her womb and cut the embryo into seven pieces and then again into seven, which made it 49. So instead of being one powerful Asura, there were 49 Maruts, who thus became the gana of Indra. Vocabulary: abhi-jan, 4. A to be born for or to RV. i , 168 , 2 , &c.; to claim as one's birthright to be born or produced to be reproduced or born again Bhag. &c. dhūti, m. shaker, agitator (Maruts) RV.; N. of an Aditya VP.; shaking, moving to and fro fanning Vop. vavra, mfn. (fr. vṛ) hiding or concealing one's self RV.; m. ‘hiding-place’, a cavern, hole, cave ib. ās,4 n. (?) mouth, face, (only in abl. and instr.) āsas (with the prep. ā), from mouth to mouth, in close proximity RV. vii , 99 , 7; āsā and āsayā (generally used 4 as an adv.), before one's eyes; by word of mouth, personally, present in one's own person, immediately RV. vi , 16 , 9 , &c. saema?sae/ n ye su/tas! t&/Ýa~z?vae ù/Tsu pI/tasae? Ê/vsae/ nas?te , @e;a/m! A~se?;u r/iM-[I?v rar-e/ hSte?;u oa/idz! c? k«/itz! c/ s< d?xe . 1-168-03 sómāso ná yé sutā́s tr̥ptáaṃśavo hr̥tsú pītā́so duváso ná ā́sate aíṣām áṃseṣu rambhíṇīva rārabhe hásteṣu khādíś ca kr̥tíś ca sáṃ dadhe 1.168.03 3 They who, like Somas with their well−grown stalks pressed out, imbibed within the heart, dwell there in friendly wise. Upon their shoulders rests as 'twere a warrior's spear and in their hand they hold a dagger and a ring. Interpretation: ‘They are brought forth like the pressed streams of Soma, as if stirring when drunk in the hearts [of man]. On their shoulders and the arms they have ornamentations, holding the spear and the sword!’ Vocabulary: duvas, mfn. stirring, restless (Soma) RV. i , 168 , 3. rambhin, mfn. carrying a staff or stick (m. an old man , a doorkeeper Sāy.) RV. (-ṇī) f. (prob.) the shaft of a spear RV. rambh (mostly comp. with a prep. ; cf. grabh and see labh with which rabh is connected); 1. A, to take hold of, grasp, clasp, embrace. khādi, m. (f.?) a brooch, ring (worn on the hands or feet by the Maruts) RV. kṛti, f. hurt, hurting, injuring L.; (is) m. or f. a kind of weapon, sort of knife or dagger RV. i, 168 , 3. tṛptāṃšu, mfn. having well-nourished shoots RV. i , 168. 3 aṃšu, m. a filament (especially of the Soma plant); a kind of Soma libation ŠBr.; thread; end of a thread, a minute, particle [1,2] a point , end, array, sunbeam. Av/ Svyu?Kta id/v Aa v&wa? yyu/r! Am?TyaR>/ kz?ya caedt/ Tmna? , A/re/[v?s! tuivja/ta A?cuCyvur! †/¦!hain? icn! m/étae/ æaj?†òy> . 1-168-04 áva sváyuktā divá ā́ vŕ̥thā yayur ámartiyāḥ káśayā codata tmánā areṇávas tuvijātā́ acucyavur dr̥̄ḷhā́ni cin marúto bhrā́jadr̥ṣṭayaḥ 1.168.04 4 5 Self−yoked they have descended lightly from the sky. With your own lash, Immortals, urge yourselve's to speed. Unstained by dust the Maruts, mighty in their strength, have cast down e'en firm things, armed with their shining spears. Interpretation: “They have descended from the Heaven at will. O Immortals, compel yourself by your own lashing! Pure, who are born mighty in strength, Maruts cast down the steady foundations, shining by their flashing spears!” There is a clear indication that Maruts descend from Heaven, ava divaḥ ā yayuḥ, at will, vṛthā. They are svayukta, self-yoked, they move by themselves, codata tmanā. They descend from heaven to break the firm foundations of the rock and to release the light hidden there. Vocabulary: vṛthā, ind. (prob. connected with vṛ) at will, at pleasure, at random, easily, lightly, wantonly, frivolously RV. Br. Gobh. Mn. Yājñ. MBh. ; in vain, vainly, uselessly, fruitlessly, idly TBr. &c. &c.; wrongly , falsely , incorrectly , unduly MBh. Kāv. &c. bhrājad-ṛṣṭi, mfn. having bright spears (said of the same) ib. kašā, f. (Naigh. i , 11 Nir. ix , 19) a whip RV. AV. ŠBr. MBh. R. &c.; a rein, bridle. kae vae? =/Ntr! m?ét \iòiv*utae/ rej?it/ Tmna/ hNve?v ij/þya? , x/Nv/Cyut? #/;a< n yam?in pué/àE;a? Ah/Nyae nEt?z> . 1-168-05 kó vo antár maruta r̥ṣṭividyuto réjati tmánā hánuveva jihváyā dhanuacyúta iṣã́ṃ ná yā́mani purupraíṣā ahaníyo ná étaśaḥ 1.168.05 5 Who among you, O Maruts armed with lightning−spears, moveth you by himself, as with the tongue his jaws? Ye rush from heaven's floor as though ye sought for food, on many errands like the Sun's diurnal Steed. Interpretation: “Who is within you, O Maruts, who have spears of lightning, who moves you by his own self, as if the tongue moves the jaws? The shakers of the foundations in your march you move inciting many in search of the streams of Draught, like the Steed of the Day of the Sun!” Vocabulary: ṛṣṭi-vidyut, mfn. glancing or glittering with swords (as the Maruts) RV. i , 168 , 5; v , 52 rej, 1. P. A., to go Naigh. ii , 14, to cause to tremble or shake RV.; (A.) to shine (cf. rāj) Dhātup. vi , 23; to shake, tremble, quiver RV. dhanvacyut, mfn. shaking the ground , i , 168 , 5. 6 yāman, n. going, coming , motion , course , flight RV.; march , expedition ib.; approaching the gods, invocation, prayer, sacrifice &c. ib. AV. TS. purupraiṣa, mfn. inciting many RV. Kv iSvd! A/Sy rj?sae m/hs! pr/ ipip?:vtI , -/Ôa vae? ra/it> p&?[/tae n di]?[a p&wu/¿yI? Asu/yˆRv/ jÃ?tI . 1-168-07 sātír ná vo ámavatī súvarvatī tveṣā́ vípākā marutaḥ pípiṣvatī bhadrā́ vo rātíḥ pr̥ṇató ná dákṣiṇā pr̥thujráyī asuríyeva jáñjatī 1.168.07 7 Your winning is with strength, dazzling, with heavenly light, with fruit mature, O Maruts, fall of plenteousness. Auspicious is your gift like a free giver's meed, victorious, spreading far, as of immortal Gods. Interpretation: ‘Your victory is won by the power of Svar; it is the power of overwhelming and overgrowing, O Maruts! Blissful is your realization like a gift of deliverer, widely extended, full like the power of Asura, flashing with lighting.’ Vocabulary: 7 sāti, f. gaining, obtaining, acquisition, winning of spoil or property RV. amavat, mfn. impetuous, violent, strong RV. vipāka, mfn. ripe, mature RV. pipiṣvat, (fr. pi = pī, pyā) swollen, overfull, abundant RV. pṛthujraya, (f. ī) and mfn. widely extended RV. jañj, p. (f. jañjatī) glittering, flashing (= abhibhavantī Sāy.) RV. i , 168 , 7. àit? òae-iNt/ isNx?v> p/iv_yae/ yd! A/iæya? p&iw/Vya< ydI? "&/tm! m/ét>? àu:[u/viNt? . 1-168-08 práti ṣṭobhanti síndhavaḥ pavíbhyo yád abhríyāṃ vā́cam udīráyanti áva smayanta vidyútaḥ pr̥thivyā́ṃ yádī ghr̥tám marútaḥ pruṣṇuvánti 1.168.08 8 The rivers roar before your chariot fellies when they are uttering the voice of rain−clouds. The lightnings laugh upon the earth beneath them, what time the Maruts scatter forth their fatness. Interpretation: “The Oceans answer to their thunders raising the voice of the raining clouds! Smiling Maruts look down on Earth with their lightnings, when they moisten Her with the Ghrita.” Vocabulary: stubh, (connected with stu and stumbh) cl. 1. P. to utter a joyful sound, hum, make a succession of exclamations, shout (esp. applied to the chanted interjections in a Sāman) RV. Br.; 1. A. stobhate, to pause , stop , cause to stop , paralyze &c.; to praise in successive exclamations, celebrate RV. [Cf. Eng. stop] abhriya, mfn. belonging to or produced from clouds RV. AV.; m. n. thunder-cloud RV. pruṣ, 5. P. A. to sprinkle, shower, wet, moisten RV. VS. TS. AsU?t/ p&iî?r! mh/te r[a?y Tve/;m! A/yasa?m! m/éta/m! AnI?km! , te s?Ps/rasae? =jny/Nta_v/m! Aad! #t! Sv/xam! #?i;/ram! py!R A?pZyn! . 1-168-09 ásūta pŕ̥śnir mahaté ráṇāya tveṣám ayā́sām marútām ánīkam té sapsarā́so 'janayanta ábhvam ā́d ít svadhā́m iṣirā́m páry apaśyan 1.168.09 8 9 Prishni brought forth, to fight the mighty battle, the glittering army of the restless Maruts. Nurtured together they begat the monster, and then looked round them for the food that strengthens. Interpretation: ‘Prishni has brought them for a great battle here, the army of the agile Maruts. Put together they generated Abhva. Then the self-establishment, full of draught they could see all over.’ It is a very mysterious statement. Prishni is the Cow, the Mother, spotted with light. She can be identified as Diti and yet she is something else. She can represent the state of Aditi and Diti, in-between the two hemispheres: the state of three heavens. So She produced the Maruts for the battle here and they produced the Abhva, Nescience, Non-being. From where the foundation was seen, full of delight, which elsewhere is mentioned as the rock, adri, full of Soma. Vocabulary: ayās, (twice RV. i , 167 , 4 and , vi , 66 , 5) mfn. (fr. a + yas? ; see ayāsya) agile, dexterous, nimble RV. sa-psara, mfn. (of doubtful meaning) either `doing injury' (= hiṃsaka Sāy.) or ‘having the same form’ (= samāna-rūpa cf. 2. psu) or (accord. to others) `eating the same food' (cf. psaras), or `inspiring awe' (said of the Maruts) RV. i , 168 , 9. psaras, n. a feast, enjoyment, delight RV. (cf. deva-psaras}). abhva, mfn. (cf. a-bhuva) monstrous, immense, terrible RV; n. immense power, monstrosity, horror RV. ŠBr.; a monster RV. AV. ŠBr. iṣira, mfn. refreshing, fresh, flourishing, vigorous, active , quick RV. AV. VS. pṛšni, mfn. (Uṇ iv , 52) variegated, dappled, piebald, speckled , spotted (said esp. of cows, serpents, frogs &c.) RV. AV. Br. ŠrS. MBh.; a ray of light L.; N. of the mother of the Maruts RV. @/; v/ Staemae? mét #/y< gIr! ma?Nda/yRSy? ma/NySy? ka/rae> , @;a ya?sIò t/Nve v/ya< iv/*ame/;< v&/jn