钢结构的应用前景外文翻译

钢结构的应用前景外文翻译 外文资料(英文) Steel system because of their own with the light weight, high strength, the construction of such advantages, and the reinforced concrete structure, the more "high, light," the development of three unique advantages. Along with the country's economic construction, the long concrete and masonry structure dominate the market situation is changing. Steel products in the large-span space structure, lightweight steel gantry structure, multi-storey and high-rise residential areas of increasing construction, Application areas are expanding. From the West-East Gas sent, the West-East power transmission and-north water diversion project, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the 2008 Olympic venues and facilities, residential steel, development of the western region construction practice, the development of a steel construction industry and the market momentum is emerging in our country. 1: the steel market development trend of the past 20 years of reform and opening up and economic development, Steel has to create a system of highly favorable environment for development. (1) from the development of the main steel material foundation : Steel is the development of steel a key factor in development. To meet the needs of the construction market, steel varieties will toward complete standardization of materials direction. Domestic steel for construction steel, in terms of quantity, variety and quality have developed rapidly and hot-rolled H-beam, a color plate, Cold steel production increased significantly, the development of steel to create important conditions. Other steel-Steel, Coated Steel Plate and there has been a marked growth, product quality has been greatly improved. Refractory, weathering steel, hot-rolled thin number of H-beam steel has started a new project in the application, Steel to create the conditions for development. (2) from design, production, construction, professional level look : steel industry after years of development, Steel professional design quality in the practice of continually improving. A number of characteristics with the strength of professional institutes, research and design institutes continuously developed steel design software and new technologies. Currently, many domestic steel design software have been brought forth, they can adapt to light steel structure, the network structure, high-rise steel structures, Thin arched structure design needs. With computer technology in the engineering design of the universal application of steel structure design of the software is getting more sophisticated, To help designers complete structural analysis and design, construction mapping provides a great convenience. Steel manufacturers in the country blossom everywhere, and creating a number of strong leading enterprises. Annual output reaching 10 -- 20 million tons of size alone, more than 10 enterprises that the large domestic steel project mission, They fully equipped with the industry and international enterprises to compete on equal strength. At present, some foreign investment, joint ventures, private sector steel manufacturing enterprises in the fierce market competition winners. From the computer design, mapping, digital control, automated processing and manufacturing industries are in the lead, its products range from the traditional building structures, machinery and equipment, non-standard components, and turnkey facilities to the value of housing, Container products, port facilities directly to the end-user products. Steel industrialized mass production, the installation of a new steel structure engineering endless, and energy-efficient, waterproof, insulating, , and other advanced product set and integrated suite of applications, design and construction of integrated production will be raised the level of the construction industry. (3) the steel works from the view of the performance : the world's third 421-meter high Shanghai Jinmao Tower, is a leading international standard. height of 279 meters in Shenzhen SEG buildings, the span of 1,490 meters Runyang Yangtze River Bridge, span of 550 meters of the Lupu Bridge, the 345-meter-high transmission tower across the Yangtze River, and the Capital International Airport, nest national sports center, many of steel construction system of the important projects, Steel Buildings positive marks top heavy and large-span steel structure of space development. (4) from the domestic steel industry view : China has steel in housing construction light on the application of the industry as a revolution. With domestic industry to become China's new economic development and growth, lightweight steel residential housing industry will be the development of the country. And the housing industry is the prerequisite for dealing with the industrialization of matching new technologies, new materials and new systems. As the steel structure system easy to realize industrialization and standardization of production, and to go along with the wall material can be used in energy conservation, environmental protection of new materials. Therefore, the study of steel structures for residential package technology will greatly promote domestic industry's rapid development. (5) from the government sector can guide and support : government departments guidance and support, so that as a green steel products and development workers. Steel with the traditional concrete structure, compared with light weight, high strength, good seismic performance advantages. Suitable for live load accounted for a smaller proportion of the total load of the structure, and is more suitable for large-span space structure, tall structures and is suitable for the construction of the soft ground. Is also in line with environmental protection and conservation, intensive use of resources policy, The overall economic benefits to investors increasingly are recognized objective will be to promote the designers and developers they chose steel. 2: the steel market outlook of the development trend of steel, China Steel Development has tremendous market potential and prospects for development. (1) since China began in 1996 steel output of over 100 million tons, ranking first in the world. 1998 commissioning of a series of rolling H-beam steel to create a sound material basis. Steel and other materials industries, the development of the steel industry to provide good quality, complete specifications for the material. According to the market demand, the next batch of 23 will be color plate production line, hot-rolled H-beam will also be an increase in production lines, large cold-formed unit will soon be launched. By that time China will produce more than 100 color plates million tons, Hot H-beam more than 100 million tons of cold and the large and medium-sized rectangular pipe and tube, in addition to the existing H-beam welding, plate, Sheet steel and other construction, the steel industry can meet development needs. With steel production and quality continues to rise, their prices are gradually declining. Steel has been a corresponding cost of a more substantial reduction. And the steel structure supporting the use of thermal insulation, corrosion-resistant materials, fire resistant paint, various welding material and bolts, connectivity products and the technology of new materials will also continue to enhance innovation. (2) efficient and new welding technology of welding and cutting equipment and welding application development and application of materials, for the development of steel works to create a good technical condition. In ordinary steel, thin light steel structures, steel structures in tall buildings, the door frame of light steel structure, network structure, pressure plate structure, welding and the connecting bolt, steel concrete composite floor. CFST steel reinforced concrete structure and the structure of the design, construction, Statutes regulating acceptance of industry standards and has more than 20 of this issue. The steel structure norms, in order to constantly improve the system of steel lay the necessary technical foundation and basis. (3) At present, the portal frame light steel structure and pressure plate arch shell structure of cost per unit area, Similar single-storey steel and concrete structure approximately the same, or even lower; and light steel structure of the higher levels of commercialization, production and installation rate will reach each class 700 -- 1000 square meters, much faster than the reinforced concrete structure. In recent years, expansion of the market quickly. Tall steel structure of the composite price is higher than the reinforced concrete structure similar 4% -- 5%, but the seismic performance and Construction is fast, especially in high-rise buildings to be used. In November 1997 the Ministry of Construction issued the "China Building Technology Policy", made clear that development of steel construction, construction steel and construction steel construction technology specific requirements, China's long-term practice of "reasonable Steel" policy to "encourage Steel" policy. Steel will promote the popularization and application play a positive role. (4)the steel industry will see a number of characteristics with the strength of the professional design institutes, research institutes, output over 200,000 tons of large-scale steel factories, dozens of first-class technology and advanced equipment to the construction and installation enterprises。After 10% of the time, the steel industry output will be 400 -- 500 million yuan to 150 billion yuan. (5) which restricts the development of the steel industry some unfavorable factors steel output year after year ranks first in the world The steel construction building basic conditions mature, but the technology has not been Steel powerful special promotion, China's steel construction is relatively lagging behind some foreign countries. Main features : homemade H-beam, square steel tubes, lap ramps curling steel cold-Z, better corrosion resistance, such as the Hot Plate profile species, still can not meet specifications of the construction needs. Plate can be welded to the poor domestic construction steel is the main problem. Building high-strength low-alloy steel varieties was too small, high-strength low-alloy structural steel in cold-formed steel in the application has not yet been settled. Steel and the cost of residential choice, the development of external plate, certain extent constraining the steel construction of the residential area of application. Although there are various disadvantages or to be improved, but the steel structure of the huge development potential and broad prospects. Looking ahead, with the flourishing economic development and to further expand the exchanges to build more high-rise buildings, bridges and major public places such as large space and a large space structures demand is very strong. This steel will provide more development opportunities and steel industries thrive in a new situation on the eyes 钢结构的应用前景 钢结构体系因其本身所具有的自重轻、强度高、施工快等优点，与钢筋混凝土结构相比， 更具有在"高、大、轻"三个方面发展的独特优势。随着国家经济建设的发展，长期以来混凝 土和砌体结构一统天下的局面正在发生变化。钢结构产品在大跨度空间结构、轻钢门式结构、 多层及小高层住宅领域的建筑日益增多，应用领域不断扩大。从西气东送、西电东输、南水 北调、青藏铁路、,,,,年奥运会场馆设施、钢结构住宅、西部大开发等建设实践来看， 一个发展建筑钢结构行业和市场的势头正在我国出现。 一、钢结构市场的发展趋势 二十年来的改革开放和经济发展，已经为钢结构体系的应用创造了极为有利的发展环境。 ,、从发展钢结构的主要物质基础看: 钢材的发展是钢结构发展的关键因素。为适应建筑市场的需要，成品钢材将朝着品种齐全 材料标准化方向发展。国产建筑钢结构用钢在数量、品种和质量上发展都很快，热轧,型钢、 彩色钢板、冷弯型钢的生产能力大大提高，为钢结构发展创造了重要的条件。其他钢结构中 型钢、及涂镀层钢板都有明显增长，产品质量有较大提高。耐火、耐候钢、超薄热轧,型钢 等一批新型钢已开始在工程中应用，为钢结构发展创造了条件。 ,、从设计、生产、施工专业化水平看: 钢结构行业经过几年的发展，专业钢结构设计人员的素质在实践中得到不断提高。一批有特 色有实力的专业研究所、设计院不断研究和开发出钢结构设计软件和新技术。目前，国内许 多钢结构设计软件相继问世，可分别适应轻钢结构、网架结构、高层钢结构、薄壁拱形结构 的设计需要。随着计算机技术在工程设计中的普遍应用，钢结构设计软件功能的日臻完善， 为协助设计人员完成结构分析设计、施工图绘制提供了极大的便利。 钢结构制造企业在全国遍地开花，造就了一批有实力的龙头企业。年产量达到,,--,, 万吨规模的就有,,余家企业，承担了国内大型钢结构工程任务，他们完全具备与国际同行 业企业间进行公平竞争的实力。目前一批外资、合资、民营的钢机构制造企业已在激烈的市 场竞争中脱颖而出。从计算机设计、制图、数字控制、自动化加工制造都处于行业领先水平， 其产品的范围也从传统的建筑工程结构、机械装备、非标准构件、成套设施到商品房屋、集装箱产品、港口设施等直接到用户的终端产品。 钢结构的工业化大批量生产，钢结构的安装新工法层出不穷，以及节能、防水、隔热、等先进成品集合与一体成套应用，设计、生产施工一体化必将提高建筑产业化水平。 ,、从钢结构工程业绩来看: 世界第三高度,,,米的上海金茂大厦，具有国际领先水平、高度,,,米的深圳赛格大厦，跨度,,,,米的润扬长江大桥，跨度,,,米的上海卢浦大桥，,,,米高的跨长江输电铁塔，以及首都国际机场，鸟巢国家体育中心等等许多采用钢结构建筑体系的重要工程，标志着建筑钢结构正向高层重型和空间大跨度钢结构发展。 ,、从住宅钢结构的产业化来看: 我国已把轻钢结构在住宅建设上的推广应用作为建筑业的一场革命。随着住宅业成为我国经济发展新的增长点，轻钢住宅将是住宅产业发展的必由之路。而住宅产业化的前提是具备与产业化相配套的新技术、新材料和新体系。由于钢结构体系易于实现工业化生产、标准化制作，且与之相配套的墙体材料可以采用节能、环保的新型材料。因此，研究钢结构体系住宅成套技术，将大大促进住宅产业化的快速发展。 ,、从政府部门的引导和支持看: 政府部门的引导和支持，使钢结构作为绿色环保产品得到工人和发展。钢结构与传统的混凝土结构相比较，具有自重轻、强度高、抗震性能好等优点。适合于活荷载占总荷载比例较小的结构，更适合与大跨度空间结构、高耸构筑物并适合在软土地基上建造。也符合环境保护与节约、集约利用资源的国策，其综合经济效益越来越为各方投资者所认同，客观上将促使设计者和开发商们选择钢结构。 二、钢结构市场的前景展望 钢结构的发展趋势表明，我国发展钢结构存在着巨大的市场潜力和发展前景。 ,、我国自,,,,年开始钢产量超过一亿吨，居世界首位。,,,,年投产的轧制,型钢系列给钢结构发展创造了良好的物质基础。钢铁和其他材料工业的发展，为钢结构行业提供品质优良、规格齐全的材料。根据市场需求，今后二三年将有一批彩色钢板生产线建成，热轧,型钢也将增加一条生产线，大型冷弯机组也即将上马。到那时候我国能自行生产彩色钢板,,,多万吨、热轧,型钢,,,多万吨及冷弯大中型矩形管、圆管，加上现有的焊接薄壁,型钢、中厚板、薄板及其他建筑钢材，完全可以满足钢结构行业发展的需要。而且随着钢材产量和质量持续提高，其价格正逐步下降，钢结构的造价也相应有较大幅度的降低。与钢结构配套使用的保温隔热、防腐材料、防火涂料、各种焊接材料及螺栓连接等产品和新型建材的技术也将不断创新提高。 ,、高效的焊接工艺和新的焊接、切割设备的应用以及焊接材料的开发应用，都为发展钢结构工程创造了良好的技术条件。在普通钢结构、薄壁轻钢结构、高层民用建筑钢结构、门式钢架轻型房屋钢结构、网架结构、压型钢板结构、钢结构焊接和高强度螺栓连接、钢混凝土组合楼盖、钢管混凝土结构及钢骨混凝土结构等方面的设计、施工、验收规范规程及行业标准已发行,,余本。有关钢结构的规范、规程的不断完善为钢结构体系的应用奠定了必要的技术基础和依据。 ,、目前，门式刚架轻钢结构和压型钢板拱壳结构的单位面积造价，与同类单层钢筋混凝土结构大致持平，甚至更低;而且轻型钢结构的商品化程度较高，制作和安装速度可达到每台班,,,--,,,,平方米，远快于钢筋混凝土结构，近年市场扩展很快。高层钢结构的综合价格虽高出同类钢筋混凝土结构,,--,,，但其抗震性能好、施工速度快，特别是在超高层建筑中必须采用。,,,,年,,月建设部发布的《中国建筑技术政策》中，明确提出发展建筑钢材、建筑钢结构和建筑钢结构施工工艺的具体要求，使我国长期以来实行的 "合 理用钢"政策转变为"鼓励用钢"政策。将为促进钢结构的推广应用起到积极的作用。 ,、钢结构行业将出现一批有特色有实力的专业设计院、研究所，年产量超过,,万吨的大型钢结构制造厂，有几十家技术一流、设备先进的施工安装企业，上千家中小企业相互补充、协调发展，逐步形成较规范的竞争市场。经过,,年左右的时间，钢结构行业的产值将从,,,--,,,亿元发展到,,,,亿元。 ,、制约钢结构产业发展的一些不利因素 我国钢产量连年居世界首位，钢结构建筑的建筑条件基本成熟，但钢结构技术仍未得到特别有力的推广，我国钢结构建筑的发展相对国外有些滞后。主要表现在:国产,型钢、方钢管、可搭接的斜卷边冷弯薄壁,型钢、抗腐蚀性能更好的镀铝锌薄板等型材的品种、规格还不能满足建筑需要。厚板的可焊接性差是国产建筑钢材存在的主要问题。建筑用高强度低合金钢品种还太少，高强度低合金结构钢在冷弯薄壁型钢中的应用尚未解决。钢结构住宅的造价和选择、开发外墙板，在一定程度上制约了钢结构住宅建筑的大面积推广应用。尽管目前还存在着种种不尽如人意或有待提高的方面，但钢结构的发展潜力巨大，前景广阔。 ????? 展望未来，随着经济建设的蓬勃发展和交流的进一步扩大，要建造更多的高层建筑、桥梁和大型公共场所等大空间和超大空间建筑物的需求十分旺盛。这将为钢结构的发展提供更多的机会，钢结构产业兴旺发展的新局面就在眼前