课程设计—汽车雨刮器

课程—汽车雨刮器 机械原理课程设计--汽车风窗刮水器 院 , 系: 工学院 机械系 专 业: 机械工程及自动化 年 级: 2011级 学生姓名: 张 俊 茂 学 号: 201101030209 指导教师: 王海生 2013年8月 supervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be installed before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection reports and so on whether met with factory-installed condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear wheel can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully informed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2) after the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried track and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts are manufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts installed at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or assemblies, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried out, padded 目 录 一.设计目.......................................................................................... 1 1.1 课程设计目的和任务................................................................. 1 1.2 课程设计内容与基本要求......................................................... 2 1.3 机构简介................................................... 错误～未定义书签。 1.4 参考数据..................................................................................... 5 1.5设计要求 ..................................................................................... 5 二. 设计比较 ............................................................................... 6 2.1 设计方案一................................................................................. 6 2.2 设计方案二................................................................................. 7 2.3 设计方案三................................................................................. 8 2.4 最终设计方案........................................... 错误～未定义书签。 三. 虚拟样机实体建模与仿真 ......................... 错误～未定义书签。 3.1 ADAMS/VIEW 的样机建模 .................. 错误～未定义书签。 虚拟样机仿真结果分析 ............................................................. 10 四. 4.1 滑块水平位移仿真曲线 ............................ 10 4.2 块水平运动速度仿真曲线 ......................... 10 4.3 滑块水平运动加速度仿真曲线 ...................... 11 4.4 带刮片摆杆角速度仿真曲线 ........................ 11 4.5 带刮片白杆角速度仿真曲线 ........................ 11 五. 课程设计总结 ............................................................................. 12 5.1 机械原理课程设计总结........................................................... 12 5.2 设计过程................................................................................... 13 5.3 设计展望................................................................................... 14 5.4 设计工作分工表....................................................................... 15 5.5 参考文献................................................................................... 15 一(题目:汽车风扇刮水器 1.1课程设计目的和任务 机械原理课程设计能够培养机械类专业学生创新能力，是学生综合运用机械原理课程所学理论知识和技能解决实际问题，获得工程技术训练的必不可少的实践性教学环节。 机械原理课程设计教学所要达到的目的是: 1、培养学生理论联系实际的设计思想，训练学生综合运用机械原理课程的理论知识，并结合生产实际来分析和解决工程问题的能力。 2、通过制定设计方案、合理选择机构的类型、正确地对机构的运动和受力进行分析和计算，让学生对机构设计有一个较完整的概念。 3、训练学生收集和运用设计资料以及计算、制图和数据处理及误差分析的能力，并在此基础上利用计算机基础理论知识，初步掌握编制计算机程序并在计算机上计算来解决机构设计问题的基本技能。 机械原理课程设计教学的任务是:机械原理课程设计通常选择一般用途的机构为题目，根据已知机械的工作要求，对机构进行选型与组合，设计出几种机构方案，并对其加以比较和确定，然后对所选定方案中的机构进行运动和动力分析，确定出最优的机构参数，绘制机构运动性能曲线。 ut, paddedes, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried osembliled at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or asnufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts instalare mack and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts r the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried tra) aftemed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2el can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully inforinstalled condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear whe-eports and so on whether met with factoryled before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection rsupervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be instal0 1.2课程设计内容和基本要求 机械原理课程设计是在机械原理课程完成后集中进行的教学环节，它是在教师指导下由学生独立完成的。每个学生都应明确课程设计的任务和要求，拟定设计，保证设计进度、设计质量，按时完成课程。在设计过程中，提倡独立思考、深入钻研，主动地、创造性地进行设计工作。要求设计态度严肃认真、一丝不苟，反对不求甚解，这样才能确保课程设计达到教学基本要求，并在设计思想、方法和技能等方面得到良好的训练和提高。 1) 机械原理课程设计步骤 (1)机构运动方案设计。即根据给定的原始数据和工艺要求，构思并选定机构方案; (2)设计上述各机构。根据选定的方案采用各机构，如凸轮机构、连杆机构、齿轮机构、间歇运动机构及其组合机构等，即具体机构的尺度综合，求出机构的主要尺寸; (3)根据上面求得的尺寸，按比例画出全部机构的运动简图及运动循环图; (4)据此对上述机构进行运动分析，并进行基于ADAMS软件的机构建模与运动仿真。即绘制机构的运动线图，或进一步进行运动和动力分析; (5)编写设计说明书。 2) 设计说明书编写要求 课程设计说明书是学生证明自己设计正确合理并供有关人员参考的文件，它是课程设计的重要组成部分。收集整理课程设计报告工作关系到课程设计的成败，通过这项工作，能提高学生的技术概括能力和表达能力。编写说明书也是科技工作者必须掌握的基本技能之一。因此，学生在校期间就应加强这方面的训练。课程设计说明书应在课程设计过程中逐步形成，课程设计结束时，再作必要的补充和整理。而设计说明书的内容视设计任务而定，大致包括: (1)设计题目(包括设计条件和要求)。 (2)机构运动简图或设计方案的确定。 1 (3)全部原始数据。 (4)完成设计所用方法及其原理的简要说明。 (5)建立设计所需的数学模型并列出必要的计算、计算过程及说明，写出设计计算结果。 (6)绘出计算机程序框图，写出自编的程序。或将基于ADAMS软件的机构建模与仿真方法过程描述出来。 (7)用表格列出计算结果并画出主要曲线图。 (8)对设计结果进行分析讨论，写出课程设计的收获和体会。 (9)列出主要参考文献资料。 3) 设计说明书的格式要求: (1)说明书一般用A4纸打印，要求步骤清楚、叙述简明、文句通顺、书写端正。 (2)对每一自成单元的内容，都应有大小标题，使其醒目突出，建议加上目录。 (3)通过课程设计说明书的编写，学生应该学会整理设计数据、绘制图表和简图，用工程术语表达设计成果的方法。 (4)对所用公式和数据，应标明来源——参考资料的编号和页次。 (5)说明书应加上封面，并与图纸一起装订成册。 ut, paddedes, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried osembliled at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or asnufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts instalare mack and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts r the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried tra) aftemed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2el can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully inforinstalled condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear whe-eports and so on whether met with factoryled before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection rsupervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be instal2 1.3机构简介 汽车风窗刮水器是用于汽车刮水刷的驱动装置。如图1- (a)所示，风窗刮水器工作时，由电动机带动齿轮装置1-2，传至曲柄摇杆装置2'-3-4。电动机单向连续转动，刮水杆4作左右往复摆动，要求左右摆动的平均速度相同。其中，刮水刷的工作阻力矩 如图1- (b)所示。 图1 汽车风窗刮水器机构简图及阻力线图 3 1.4参考数据 设计数据见表1所示 表1 设计数据 内容 曲柄摇杆机构设计及运动分析 曲柄摇杆机构动态静力分析 , LJ符号 lxGMK nDSS1AB41441 2 ，，:mm单位 kg,mr/minNN,mm 数据 30 1 120 60 180 100 15 0.01 500 1.5设计要求 1. 对曲柄摇杆机构进行运动分析 作机构1-2个位置的速度多边形和加速度多边形，以上内容与后面的动态静力分析一起画在2号图纸上，整理计算说明书。 2. 对曲柄摇杆机构进行动态静力分析 确定机构一个位置的各运动副反力及应加于曲柄上的平衡力矩。作图部分画在运动分析的图纸上，整理计算说明书。 3. 在Solidworks/PRO_E/Adams中进行运动仿真和动力学仿真，作出位移、速度、加速度线图。 ut, paddedes, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried osembliled at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or asnufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts instalare mack and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts r the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried tra) aftemed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2el can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully inforinstalled condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear whe-eports and so on whether met with factoryled before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection rsupervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be instal4 5 二.设计方案比较 2.1设计方案一 分析:摇杆2转动带动摇杆3，摇杆3带动雨刷4上下移动，从而达到刮水效果。 该方案优点: 雨刷刮水面积较大; 结构相对较简。 该方案缺点: 中间固定部位过长，影响视线; 雨刷向上移动的时，又将雨水向上刮，从而影响效率。 ut, paddedes, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried osembliled at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or asnufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts instalare mack and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts r the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried tra) aftemed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2el can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully inforinstalled condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear whe-eports and so on whether met with factoryled before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection rsupervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be instal6 2.2设计方案二 分析:此刮雨器由凸轮机构组成，凸轮的转动带动雨刷向上运动，达到最高度时，雨刷因重力随凸轮向下运动，但此方案有以下缺陷: 1. 由凸轮带动极其不稳定， 2. 凸轮与挡板间有动摩擦产生了磨损 3. 仅靠雨刷重力来克服摩擦力，很可能经常导致雨刷静止在最高端 4. 电机不仅要克服雨刷与玻璃的摩擦还要克服雨刷的重力，浪费资源。 2.3设计方案三 7 方案3 简图 1、7、8 支座 4 连杆 2、3 摇杆 5、6 摆杆 分析: 摇杆2转动带动摇杆3，摇杆3带动连杆移动，从而使摆杆5、6左右以一定频率摆动，达到刮水的效果。 该方案优点: 1.该方案的可行性与优点: 2.整体构建布局可以在汽车上较为容易实现; 3.机构简单实用，在满足运动要求前提下大大节省了材料; 4.设置了急回特性(推杆快，收杆慢)，因为在刮片起挂前，挡风玻璃上附着的雨水量相对较多，对司机观察前方路线不利，这时刮片需快速挂清雨水，而在回程时玻璃上雨量较少，这时慢挂可进一步刮净雨水，是玻璃保持相对较长的清晰度。同时急回特性的运用也提高了雨刮器的工作效率; 5.在雨刮器收杆的时候，刮片贴紧挡风玻璃下沿时间较长，这就可以让雨刷器间隔工作，剩去了需脉冲控制让雨刷器间隔工作这一步。 2.4最终设计方案:方案三 三.虚拟样机实体建模与仿真 ut, paddedes, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried osembliled at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or asnufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts instalare mack and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts r the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried tra) aftemed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2el can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully inforinstalled condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear whe-eports and so on whether met with factoryled before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection rsupervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be instal8 3.1 ADAMS/View 的样机建模 五.课程设计总结 9 5.1机械原理课程设计总结: 首先我们确定摇杆的长度，并用CAXA画出了它的运动简图，之后用ADMAS进行运动仿真。通过这次课程设计我学会了ADMAS软件的基本操作掌握了更多的使用工具。并且在此设计过程中也培养了团队之间的协作精神。 在学完机械原理这门课程的同时，作为一名合格的机电学生，需要将所学的应用到实际设计机构中去，提高我们综合运用机械原理课程理论分析的能力，并结合生产实际来分析和解决工程问题。根据已知机械的工作要求，通过制定设计方案、合理选择机构的类型、正确地对机构的运动和受力进行分析和计算，让我们对机构设计有一个较完整的概念。同时也训练我们收集和运用设计资料以及计算、制图和数据处理及误差分析的能力，并在此基础上利用计算机基础理论知识，初步掌握编制计算机程序并在计算机上计算来解决机构设计问题的基本技能。完成了整个课程设计，收获颇多，尤其是在软件应用上面，同时对机械原理的知识有了更进一步的认识。 纵观课程设计过程，我们各组员任务分配明确，相互沟通交流，互帮互助，工作有条不紊地前进。短短的两周让我们受益匪浅:首先要对问题认真重视，然后就是数学思想的完美性的思考，将机构放之现实生活中我们要考虑的问题，安全、稳定、美观、便捷、经济。这是最复杂和困难的，也是想的最多的地方，也是能够突出成绩的地方。我们在这方面想了很多，虽然有很多都没有在设计中体现出来，但总体上以满足要求。此外我们也参考了一些网上的资料，大多数都比我们的方案要复杂，完善。这也是我们此次设计的不足之处，可是我们确是在这些简单的零件组合与机构运动分析，对比，修改，调整中慢慢地喜欢上了一门原本被认为枯燥的课程。当我们看到自己辛苦了几天所最终确定下来方案在ADAMS软件里动起来时，激动之心溢于言表。 总而言之，良好的团队精神与认真负责的态度在让我们受益良多的同时也圆满地完成了此次机械原理课程设计。 5.2设计过程 通过这次课程设计，我们真是收获颇丰,不仅温习、巩固了课本上学所学知识，而 es, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried osembliled at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or asnufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts instalare mack and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts r the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried tra) aftemed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2el can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully inforinstalled condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear whe-eports and so on whether met with factoryled before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection rsupervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be instalut, padded10 且使让我们在实际操作中学会了多动脑带来的快乐，团体合作的力量以及相互讨论的好处。对于设计流程:参与课程设计的选题，对刮水器的机构进行构思，设计方案和设计思路。绘制刮水器的机构简图。对选定的方案进行尺寸设计。在ADMAS软件中设计出雨刮器机构，并对其进行仿真，得到各运动参数。在此次的机械原理课程设计中，我们对于某些机构的原理知识，有了更高有一层的认识，有感性的认识变为了理性的理解以及掌握。在设计过程中我们对于CAXA软件的使用变得越来越熟练，用于仿真分析的ADMAS也更加娴熟系统了。 11 5.3设计展望 生活中我们发现，雨下得很大时使用雨刷感觉不错，可是当下小雨启动雨刷时，就会发现雨刷会在玻璃面上留下擦拭不均的痕迹;还有的时候会卡在玻璃上造成视线不良。这种情况表明雨刷已硬化。若排除此故障，应先了解一下雨刷的工作原理。原来，雨刷是借马达的转动作用，靠连接棒转变成一来一往的运动，并将此作用力传达至雨刷臂及雨刷本身。当雨刷的橡胶部分硬化时，雨刷便无法与玻璃面紧密贴合，或者雨刷一有了伤痕便会造成擦拭上的不均匀，形成残留污垢。 雨刷或雨刷橡胶片的更换很简单，但在更换时应注意，车型及年份不同，雨刷的安装方法及长度不同。有的雨刷只需要更换橡胶片即可。 1.雨刷臂如果是可立式的就立起来，如果是不可立的屏蔽式，先将玻璃面弄湿，当雨刷在较易更换的位置时将马达开关定在OFF。 2.雨刷的安装方法有U钩型、螺丝锁定型。钩型者只要将钩子拉起来雨刷即可拔下。 3.取下来的雨刷最好与新装的雨刷的长度比一比，看看是否相同，再观察一下安装方法是否相同。 4.将雨刷尽量按原来的方式插入，使其固定。 5.将挡风玻璃弄湿，观察雨刷的动作是否正常。 ut, paddedes, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried osembliled at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or asnufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts instalare mack and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts r the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried tra) aftemed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2el can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully inforinstalled condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear whe-eports and so on whether met with factoryled before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection rsupervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be instal12 5. 参考文献 机械原理教程(第7版)/孙恒主编.—高等教育出版社 机械设计课程设计/王大康，卢颂峰主编.—北京:北京工业大学出版社 Proe三维建模 13