胃部分切除后恢复饮食护理

胃部分切除后恢复饮食 胃切除后的恢复饮食十分重要，既要弥补术前疾病的慢性消耗，又要填补手术创伤的损失。因此应在较长时间内采用胃病五次饭，保证有足够的营养、高蛋白、高维生素和维生素A、B、C含量充足的食物，以促进创伤的修复。如蛋类、乳类及其制品、瘦肉类、豆腐、豆浆等豆制品、鲜嫩的蔬菜及成熟的水果等。避免吃刺激性强和不易消化的食物，如辣椒、芹菜、酒、咖啡、浓茶和含粗纤维多的芹菜、韭菜等。 烹调更应注意，不要采用炸、煎、烟熏及生拌等方法，以免难于消化，采用蒸、煮、烩、炖等烹调方法。患者要待手术创伤及虚弱的身体完全康复后，再逐渐过度到正常普通饮食。由于胃切除后，容积明显减少，食物营养素的吸收受到了影响，所以每日膳食中注意适量增加维生素D含量多的食物，如动物的内脏及胡萝卜等，以防止手术后的骨软化病。另外，吃饭后不要急于下床活动，应卧床休息，不要吃高糖饮食，防止倾倒综合症。 胃切除术后，最常见的并发症是缺铁性贫血，维生素B族缺乏。有15%的患者有骨软化病，由于维生素D的缺乏，很容易使非常稀薄的骨质发生变化。在一些无明显维生素D缺乏的病人中，早期的骨组织变化可以得到纠正。这就使人们很难推断，在胃切除后所发生的骨质疏松和骨软化病是否与维生素D缺乏，钙吸收有关。但不论怎样，这些病人有明显的钙吸收障碍和维生素D的缺乏。胃切除术后的病人应注意膳食中补钙，维生素D的食物，这对骨骼钙化有利。动物性食品如蛋黄、肝脏，含视黄醇很高。一些植物性食品如黄、红色蔬菜、risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions 水果中含β-胡萝卜素，可在肝中转变为维生素A。 1、术后禁食，待肠蠕动恢复肛门排气，拔除胃管后在术后五天少量饮水，每次4,5汤匙，2小时一次。 2、若术后恢复正常，术后两周后可进食低脂半流质饮食，其蛋白质含量达到正常需要量，纤维含量极少。 3、患者饮食以自我感觉无不适，饮食以低渣、温和、易消化为原则，少食多餐，并避免过甜、过咸、过浓饮食，如进食后出现恶心，腹胀等症状，应暂停进食。 4、术后2,3周时，有部分病人可能进甜食(如牛奶加糖等)后出现心慌、出汗、头昏、恶心、上腹部不舒服等症状，一般持续15,30分钟可自行缓解，被称之为“倾倒综合征”。为防止出现这种情况，若想要进甜食，应当同时适量进食易消化的咸食，并要控制进食速度。 5、患者出院后可进食软饭，主食与配菜宜选营养丰富，易消化食物，忌食生冷、油煎，酸辣等刺激易胀气食物，患者应细嚼慢咽，多食新鲜蔬菜水果，不吃高脂食物、腌制品，适量补充矿物质铁和维生素，禁忌烟酒，饮食有规律，术后3,6个月后可逐渐根据身体情况恢复到普通饮食。 6、胃癌手术后要按医嘱用药，防止发生贫血。 胃癌患者术后要重视自己的精神调理，不要肆意放弃与病魔斗争的意志，这是战胜疾病的基础。这里向大家介绍“三忌一勤”的调理心志的方法，希望对大家有所帮助。 “三忌一勤”自我养生方法 一忌丧志，即对疾病要充满信心，不要乱投医乱服药，在饮食上 the mad also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but shoulfully mation to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should cared keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false inforly, anrmation. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefule borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other infoain thned transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should rets loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these sigsuch auld work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts d so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators shorelated personnel, an-nk information system queryloan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, ba-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation pre-uirements prerisk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management reqve a specific professional restrictionsto ha lity to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an objectin source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no abi2 不必过多忌嘴，只要想吃，吃后无不适，都可让其适量地吃，让患者把自己当正常人看待，解除精神上的抑郁，过多的忌嘴，会造成精神上的负担。 二忌疲劳。 三忌烦恼，过度的疲劳和烦恼是刺激与诱发癌症复发与转移的重要原因，疲劳使正气受损，烦恼使气血不畅，都将影响机体的抵抗力。勤就医，即任何局部的不适与障碍，久而会影响整体的改变， 因此，即使与癌症部位无关的症状，也应尽早就医，及时消除病痛，不要拖延或硬挺。这几点养生之道不仅对肿瘤患者，也同样适用于其他慢性病者。自我保健与养生，也是康复见效的重要保证。 胃部分切除后的饮食治疗原则 (1)限制糖量胃术后初期，由于过多的糖分在肠内可引起肠液的大量分泌，使血容量急剧改变而产生一系列临床症状。所以，每餐糖类食物应适当限制，最好将单糖、双糖与多糖食物混食，延长吸收时间，防止“倾倒综合征”的发生。 (2)扩大“温和膳食”的范围在胃切术后恢复期中，有些体重不增加，甚至下降，主要原因是病人有惧怕心理，不敢多食。因此，营养素摄入量不够，不能恢复到术前标准。首先要耐心同病人交流，使他们逐步扩大他们的“温和膳食”的范围，敢于吃过去不改吃的食物，如油炸食等，然后逐步地吃正常人的饮食。 (3)少量多餐术后宜少量多餐，每日进餐6餐，使胃不空不胀，除个别情况外，尽可能按照供给的餐次与数量，定时定量食用。实践证明少吃多餐不仅有能控制消化和吸收，而且还可增加总热量的摄入， purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verificationount, s risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amredit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other businesthe c nd the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations iness interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties arelated personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit busin-ion system queryigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank informatloan invest-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation pre-risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements prehat some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictionsincomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given t real same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of theproof ticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to ting borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenrevenof data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively p 3 预防体重减轻。少吃多餐，由于每次食物限量，不致会引起肠腔过分膨胀，牵引残胃产生一系列血管收缩症状。限制食物及糖类摄入，亦不致会使血容量增加产生很大的改变。 (4)干稀分食进餐时不用汤与饮料，因流质饮料通过胃肠太快，容易将干的食物连同液体一起进入小肠。如用饮料，须在餐前或餐后30,45min时饮用，饭后平卧或采用平卧位进餐法，使空肠内容物回流到残胃，减少空肠过分膨胀，又可使食物在胃中停留时间长些，通过小肠慢此，促使食物进一步消化与吸收。 含钙较高的食品有各种豆制品，乳制品和燕麦片、卷心菜、白菜、胡萝卜、芹菜、南瓜、萝卜、菠菜、葫芦、韭菜、蒲公英、冬瓜等。某些硬果和种子类食品含钙量也很高，如干杏仁、核桃、榛子、葵花子等。水果类有橙子等。 一些蔬菜和菠菜、苋菜、蕹菜等所含的草酸均影响钙的吸收，对含草酸高的蔬菜可先在沸水中焯一下，使部分草酸先溶于水、滤去水再炒食。注意在面粉、玉米粉、豆粉中加发酵剂，并延长发酵时间，可使植酸水解，游离钙增加，使钙容易吸收。 切除术后，病人一般在1,3天内逐渐恢复肠功能。当肠内气体从肛门排出后，就可进食少量清流食，如米汁、稀藕粉、蜂蜜水、面汤、青菜汤等，每次饮用100,150毫升，一日饮服6,7次。3,5 天后应改为流食，如大米粥、小米粥、鸡蛋汤、蒸蛋羹、鸡蛋面糊等，一日吃5,6次。 术后1周可吃半流饮食，如面条、馄饨、小米红枣粥、小笼包子、面包、苏打饼干、烩豆腐、清蒸鱼、烩鲜嫩菜末等。产气的食物如牛奶、 mation to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should cared keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false inforly, anrmation. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefule borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other infoain thned transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should rets loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these sigsuch auld work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts d so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators shorelated personnel, an-nk information system queryloan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, ba-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation pre-uirements prerisk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management reqve a specific professional restrictionsto ha lity to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an objectin source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no abithe mad also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but shoulfully 4 豆浆以及含粗纤维多的食物，如芹菜、黄豆芽、洋葱等均不宜食用。 伤口愈合，精神好转，消化功能良好，大便正常之时，可吃容易消化的软饭，如馒头、包子、软米饭、炒肉末青菜等，宜少食多餐。总之，胃切除术后，病人在6,12个月内，仍要坚持饮食调治，不能掉以轻心，一般应遵循以下饮食原则: 1(要坚持少食多餐，每顿少吃一点，一天4,5餐，以适应小胃容纳不足的特点。千万不可暴饮暴食。 2(防止贫血。胃切除术后，由于胃酸减少，小肠上端蠕动加快，扰乱了消化生理功能，从而影响了蛋白质与铁质的吸收，因而易发生缺铁性贫血。因此，病人可适当多吃些瘦肉、鱼虾、动物血、动物肝、肾、蛋黄、豆制品以及大枣、绿叶菜、芝麻酱等富含蛋白及铁质的食品。 3(由于胃的生理功能减弱，平时勿食生冷、坚硬及粗纤维多的食物，忌吃辛辣刺激性强的调味晶，如胡椒、芥末等，严禁饮烈性酒。 下面推荐几款养胃、补血和消导的食疗粥，供患者选用。 养胃粥 粳米50克，莲子20克，大枣10枚，加适量水，文火煮成粥早晚食用，有养胃健脾之功效。 补血粥 薏米仁25克，糯米25克，干黑木耳(泡发好)10克，猪肝50克(切碎末)，加适量水，煮粥食用，有利于防治缺铁性贫血。 消导粥 粳米50克，瘦肉末25克，白萝卜丁100克，山楂片5,8片，加适量水煮粥，具有促进胃酸分泌，帮助消化的功效。 切除部分胃后，在短期内并不能完全替代以前胃的功能。在手术刚结束的1,3个月里，饮食要注意以下几点: same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of theproof ticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to ting borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenrevenof data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively p purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verificationount, s risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amredit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other businesthe c nd the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations iness interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties arelated personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit busin-ion system queryigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank informatloan invest-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation pre-risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements prehat some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictionsincomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given t real5 一要少食汤水，以免引起“倾倒综合征(如脸色发白、心跳加快等)”。最好吃一些清淡而浓稠的食物(如粥、肉糜等)，这样的食物会在“胃”中停留时间稍长，让“胃”逐渐适应自己的功能。 二要忌生吃，要熟食;少吃腌、烧、烤、熏、炸制食品，多吃炒、煮、蒸食物;忌食污染、腐烂、变质之品，要吃干净、新鲜、色香味美而且营养丰富的食物;忌吃冰冷、油腻、酸甜、麻辣食品。 三要少食多餐，定时定量、细嚼慢咽、未饥先食、未饱先止。每次食量应限制在胃切除前的1/3之内，每天吃六次。 四是忌烟酒。因抽烟可引起消化性溃疡。酒80%在胃吸收，有引发急性胃黏膜病变，消化性溃疡的危险。 五是慎服伤胃药物。如消炎痛、保泰松、阿斯匹林等等，这些药均能诱发胃炎、消化性溃疡。在胃切除3个月以后，就可以慢慢恢复正常饮食了。(青海主任医师 伏新顺) e borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other infoain thned transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should rets loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these sigsuch auld work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts d so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators shorelated personnel, an-nk information system queryloan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, ba-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation pre-uirements prerisk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management reqve a specific professional restrictionsto ha lity to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an objectin source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no abithe mad also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but shoulfully mation to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should cared keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false inforly, anrmation. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it careful6