二维数组传参传值

二维数组传参传值 二维数组传参||传值 先给出问题: 像下面这样的数组，在函数中如何传参,也就是说如何保证虚参与实参类型一致。 char str_arr[3][10] = {"yes","no","uncertain"}; char *str_array[] = {"yes","no","unsure"}; 函数原型: void func1( char (*a)[10] ) void func2( char **a ) 调用: func1( str_arr ); func2( str_array); 如果向func2()中传入str_arr会怎么样呢,编译器会警告:传递参数 1 (属于 ‘func2’)时在不兼容的指针类型间转换。即虚参与实参类型不一致。 同理，也不能向func1()中传入str_array。 我们给出完整的测试程序: /********二维数组传参测试程序***************/ #include void func1( char (*a)[10]) { int i; for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf("%s/n",a[i]); } void func2( char **a ) { int i; for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf("%s/n",*(a+i)); } int main() { char str_arr[3][10] = {"yes","no","uncertain"}; char *str_array[] = {"yes","no","unsure"}; char *str[3] = {"a","b","c"};/*这两种

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达效果一样*/ func1(str_arr); func2(str_array); advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts return 0; } /******************end*******************/ 运行结果: [root@localhost ansi_c]# gcc test.c [root@localhost ansi_c]# ./a.out yes no uncertain yes no unsure [root@localhost ansi_c]# 如果将 func1(str_arr); func2(str_array); 改成: func1(str_array); func2(str_arr); 会怎么呢, [root@localhost ansi_c]# gcc test.c test.c: 在函数 ‘main’ 中: test.c:22: 警告:传递参数 1 (属于 ‘func1’)时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 test.c:23: 警告:传递参数 1 (属于 ‘func2’)时在不兼容的指针类型间转换 这两种数组的正确赋值应该如下: char str_arr[3][10] = {"yes","no","uncertain"}; char *str_array[] = {"yes","no","unsure"}; char (*pa)[10] = str_arr; char **p = str_array; pa和p才是和他们相一致的类型。 当然，如果不是传参的话，在main()函数中就不会发生这么多烦恼了。 /*************非传参时的情况************************/ #include int main() advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts { char str_arr[3][10] = {"yes","no","uncertain"}; char *str_array[] = {"yes","no","unsure"}; char *str[3] = {"a","b","c"}; int i; for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf("%s/n",str_arr[i]); for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf("%s/n",str_array[i]); return 0; } /*************************************/ 运行结果: [root@localhost ansi_c]# gcc test1.c [root@localhost ansi_c]# ./a.out yes no uncertain yes no unsure [root@localhost ansi_c]# 这说明了一点，在没传参之前，main()函数清楚它们都是二维数组。对于上面给出的两种函数原型: 函数原型: void func1( char (*a)[10] ) void func2( char **a ) 这两种传参方法有什么不同呢,这们对实参有什么

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呢, 上面只是抛出了一个问题，我在这里的主题是想搞清楚二维数组传参有什么奥秘，而非只针对这一个问题提出解决方法。 后面从基础的开始讨论。 我们先看看教材上怎么讲这一块的， 谭浩强的《C程序

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》二维数组作为参数传递，原文如下(略有改变，请原谅): [原文开始] 可以用二维数组名作为实参或者形参，在被调用函数中对形参数组定义时可以可以指定所有维数的大小，也可以省略第一维的大小说明，如: void Func(int array[3][10]); void Func(int array[][10]); advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 二者都是合法而且等价，但是不能把第二维或者更高维的大小省略，如下面的定义是不合法的: void Func(int array[][]); 因为从实参传递来的是数组的起始地址，在内存中按数组排列规则存放(按行存放)，而并不区分行和列，如果在形参中不说明列数，则系统无法决定应为多少行多少列，不能只指定一维而不指定第二维，下面写法是错误的: void Func(int array[3][]); 实参数组维数可以大于形参数组，例如实参数组定义为: void Func(int array[3][10]); 而形参数组定义为: int array[5][10]; 这时形参数组只取实参数组的一部分，其余部分不起作用。 [原文结束] 也就是说多维数组传参要指定第二维或者更高维的大小，可以省略第一维的大小。 像 int array[3][4]，要传参的话，函数原型可以为下面三种的任一种: void func(int a[3][4]) void func(int a[][4]) void func(int (*a)[4]) 调用时为:func(array); 同时教材里也说了，如果在型参里不说明列数，则编译器无法决定应为多少行多少列。那么能不能把 int array[3][4]的数组名 array 传给 void func(int **a)呢, 看下面: /**********************************/ #include int main() { int array[3][4]; int **p = array; } **********************************/ root@localhost ansi_c]# gcc test2.c test2.c: 在函数 ‘main’ 中: test2.c:5: 警告:从不兼容的指针类型初始化 [root@localhost ansi_c]# 虽然从本质上讲int array[3][4] 的数组名相当于二级指针，但它不等同于一般的二级指针，因为它还含有数组相关的信息，所以在main函数中: advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts char str_arr[3][10] = {"yes","no","uncertain"}; for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf( "%s/n",str_arr+i ); 它可以通过下标，每次跳过10个字节来寻址。我们再看看编译器是怎样处理数组的: 对于数组 int p[m][n]; 如果要取p[i][j]的值(i>=0 && i void fun( int *a, int m, int n) { int i,j; for( i=0; i void f( char **a, int n) { int i; printf("%c/n",*( (char*)a+0 ) ); printf("%c/n",((char * )a)[n] ); puts("------------OK"); for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf("%s/n",(char*)a+i*n ); } int main() { char str_arr[3][10] = {"yes","no","uncertain"}; f( (char **)str_arr, 10); return 0; } /****************end*************************/ 运行结果: [root@localhost ansi_c]# ./a.out y n ------------OK advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts yes no uncertain [root@localhost ansi_c]# 这里也做了强制类型转换，转换成字符指针， printf("%s/n",(char*)a+i*n ); 每个字符串的地址就是数组中字符'y'、'n'、'u'的地址， printf("%c/n",*( (char*)a+0 ) );字符在数组中的排列是顺序的，可以用 *( (char*)a+i )或 ((char * )a)[i] 表示。 当然这个程序也可以改成这样，完全不用二级指针: /*****************************************************************/ #include void f( char *a, int n) { int i; printf("%c/n",*( a+0 ) ); printf("%c/n",(a)[n] ); puts("------------OK"); for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf("%s/n",a+i*n ); } int main() { char str_arr[3][10] = {"yes","no","uncertain"}; f( (char *)str_arr, 10); return 0; } /*****************************************************************/ 归根结底，还是把它转成一级指针来用。 下面做个小结: 数组传参 数组: int array[4][10]; 函数原型: void func1( int a[][10] ); void func2( int (*a)[10] ); void func3( int *p, int col, int row ); 函数调用: func1( array ); func2( array ); advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts func3( (int *)array, 4, 10 ); 容易出错的地方: int arr[][10]; int **p = arr; 这种方式是错误的. 应该是 int (*p)[10] = arr; 同理，也不能将arr传给fun( int **p) 另外数组传参之后会降级为指针，如: #include void Test(char a[][2]) { int size = sizeof( a );//4 } int main(void) { char a[3][2] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f'}; int size =sizeof( a );//6 Test( a ); return 0; } 来源: 函数原型:要求传入一个动态二维数组 void func1(int **p,int row, int column) { } 调用: int main() { int m,n; int **b; cin >> m; cin >> n; b = new int *[m]; for(int i=0; i