《农村和城市的改革》参考教案

《农村和城市的改革》参考教案 第11课 农村和城市的改革 【课标内容】 (1)知道家庭联产承包的主要内容，了解生产关系一定要适应生产力发展需要的基本原则。 (2)知道国有企业改革的主要内容。 【教学目标】 一、知识与能力 (1)通过对社会主义现代化建设新时期经济改革的学习，培养学生用生产关系一定要适应生产力发展的历史唯物主义观点进行历史思维的能力。 (2)通过对社会主义建设新时期农村和城市改革伟大成就的学习，培养学生结合时代背景分析历史事物的能力。 二、过程与方法 (1)感知家庭联产承包责任制的创立与乡镇企业的崛起，以及国有企业改革与民营企业勃兴的伟大变化，理解社会主义现代化建设新时期的经济改革是一场广泛而深刻的社会变革，极大地解放了社会生产力，发展了社会主义经济。 (2)联系现实生活理解历史内容，通过讨论逐渐认清历史事物的本质。 三、情感态度与价值观 (1)认识农村和城市的改革是在坚持社会主义前提下，对社会主义的自我完善，坚定走社会主义道路的信念，培养与时俱进的思想感情和敢于改革、敢于创新的精神。 (2)了解20世纪晚期中国农村改革中农民实行包产到户和创办乡镇企业的伟大创举，认识人民群众是历史的创造者。。 【重点和难点】 重点:(1)家庭联产承包责任制。 (2)国有企业改革。 难点:(1)乡镇企业“异军突起”。 (2)民营经济的勃兴。 【课时】 1课时 【教学手段】多媒体教学 three thematic education and Central and provincial implementation of the inspection group feedback problem rectification in accordance with the three Suns activities require, 11 April 2015 to November organizations focus on activities, focus on General Secretary XI Jinping important speech and the code of self-discipline of the CPC, the CPC disciplinary regulations, and so on. June 30, 2015 organization full town all members cadres for has three strict three real topic education learning, from November mid-began, respectively organization members cadres to held Symposium, and individual Exchange, and set sought views box and phone, widely collection members cadres masses, on party team in slim man, and with right law has, and officer venture, aspects of problem 6 article; in comply with party of political discipline, and political rules and discipline, aspects of problem 4 article; In the implementation of honest responsibility and oversight responsibilities of question 2, a total of 12. Control three-three standard, vertical vertical line, that is to say know immediately. Ideologically, politically, and in action with the CPC Central Committee and provincial, municipal and County party committees was very consistent. Paying careful attention to the Central and provincial inspection group feedback problem corrective action implementation. (E) strengthen the team construction and cadre ideological and political building 1. catching team, constantly strengthening the self-construction of the Party Committee. According to three Suns activity requirements, strengthen the team construction of the Party Committee, and continuously improve the overall quality 【教学方法】问题导学探究法 【教学过程】 [导入]师问:(出示幻灯片)十一届三中全会是在什么时候召开的,主要内容有哪些,有何意义,学生回答后指出:十一届三中全会成为我国建国以来历史的伟大转折，使我国进入了社会主义现代化建设新时期，改革开放、发展经济成为时代的主题。由此导入新课。 第11课 农村和城市的改革(板书) 一、家庭联产承包责任制 师问:经济体制改革的前提是什么, 教师指导学生阅读P52第一段回答: 前提:坚持社会主义制度。 师问:改革首先从哪里开始, 生答:经济体制改革首先从农村开始。 师问:请同学们回忆以前所学内容，1958年我国农村进行了一场什么运动,这场运动形成了一种什么经济体制,这种体制有什么特点和危害, 教师出示幻灯片引导学生回顾第6课内容回答:1958年开始我国农村进行了人民公社化运动，形成了人民公社体制。人民公社体制的特点是“一大二公”，管理高度集中，分配上搞平均主义。这种体制严重挫伤了农民的生产积极性，严重影响到农村经济的发展。 [过渡]提问:那么，有必要对这种体制进行改革吗, 1、农村经济体制改革的原因:人民公社体制严重挫伤了农民的生产积极性，严重影响到农村经济的发展。 师问:十一届三中全会后，中国是怎样改革与发展农村经济的, 教师引导学生回答:一是实行家庭联产承包责任制;一是发展乡镇企业。 2、农村经济体制改革的内容:实行家庭联产承包责任制和发展乡镇企业。 师问:什么是家庭联产承包责任制,具体怎样做,首先从哪里开始实施, 教师引导学生阅读卡片内容回答:家庭联产承包责任制就是包产到户，即在坚持土地公有制的基础上，把土地承包给农户使用，农户自主经营、自负盈three thematic education and Central and provincial implementation of the inspection group feedback problem rectification in accordance with the three Suns activities require, 11 April 2015 to November organizations focus on activities, focus on General Secretary XI Jinping important speech and the code of self-discipline of the CPC, the CPC disciplinary regulations, and so on. June 30, 2015 organization full town all members cadres for has three strict three real topic education learning, from November mid-began, respectively organization members cadres to held Symposium, and individual Exchange, and set sought views box and phone, widely collection members cadres masses, on party team in slim man, and with right law has, and officer venture, aspects of problem 6 article; in comply with party of political discipline, and political rules and discipline, aspects of problem 4 article; In the implementation of honest responsibility and oversight responsibilities of question 2, a total of 12. Control three-three standard, vertical vertical line, that is to say know immediately. Ideologically, politically, and in action with the CPC Central Committee and provincial, municipal and County party committees was very consistent. Paying careful attention to the Central and provincial inspection group feedback problem corrective action implementation. (E) strengthen the team construction and cadre ideological and political building 1. catching team, constantly strengthening the self-construction of the Party Committee. According to three Suns activity requirements, strengthen the team construction of the Party Committee, and continuously improve the overall quality 亏，农业收成按规定交足国家和集体的以后，其余大部分归农户自主支配。当时有顺口溜:交足国家的，留足集体的，剩余都是自己的。安徽凤阳农民率先尝试包产到户。(师出示凤阳小岗村包产到户相关图片资料) (1)家庭联产承包责任制 师问:相对于人民公社体制，家庭联产承包责任制给农民带来了什么好处, 学生回答后老师:一是分户生产;二是生产自主;三是农民对产品有支配权。 师问:由此，家庭联产承包责任制的实行有何重要意义, 教师引导学生回答:对农民极大地调动了农民的生产积极性，农民得到了实惠。 对农村:解放了农业生产力，使农村经济迅速发展。 师问:现在农村改革的发展方向是什么, 生答:农村改革日益向专业化、商品化、社会化方向发展。 师问:(出示幻灯片)对于“包产到户”，当时引起了一场激烈的争论:有的说“辛辛苦苦三十年，一夜回到解放前”;有的认为这仍是社会主义性质的。请谈谈你的看法。(学生进行分组讨论，学生讨论后，教师结合重点难点分析进行讲评。其一:所有制不同;其二:分配方式不同;其三:效果不同。) (2)乡镇企业崛起 师问:什么是乡镇企业,为什么在农村改革大潮中会出现乡镇企业“异军突起”的现象, 教师引导学生阅读教材p53小字归纳: ?农村原有的社队企业为乡镇企业的发展奠定了基础; ?农村经济的发展及农村大量剩余劳力的出现为乡镇企业的发展提供了资金与劳力; ?农民在经济发展过程中认识到发展乡镇企业的重要性，希望寻找致富新途径; ?国家政策的鼓励和对外开放后国内外市场的开拓。 师问:我国的乡镇企业群主要出现在哪三个地区, three thematic education and Central and provincial implementation of the inspection group feedback problem rectification in ac 3 / 5 cordance with the three Suns activities require, 11 April 2015 to November organizations focus on activities, focus on General Secretary XI Jinping important speech and the code of self-discipline of the CPC, the CPC disciplinary regulations, and so on. June 30, 2015 organization full town all members cadres for has three strict three real topic education learning, from November mid-began, respectively organization members cadres to held Symposium, and individual Exchange, and set sought views box and phone, widely collection members cadres masses, on party team in slim man, and with right law has, and officer venture, aspects of problem 6 article; in comply with party of political discipline, and political rules and discipline, aspects of problem 4 article; In the implementation of honest responsibility and oversight responsibilities of question 2, a total of 12. Control three-three standard, vertical vertical line, that is to say know immediately. Ideologically, politically, and in action with the CPC Central Committee and provincial, municipal and County party committees was very consistent. Paying careful attention to the Central and provincial inspection group feedback problem corrective action implementation. (E) strengthen the team construction and cadre ideological and political building 1. catching team, constantly strengthening the self-construction of the Party Committee. According to three Suns activity requirements, strengthen the team construction of the Party Committee, and continuously improve the overall quality 生答:珠江三角洲、长江三角洲、渤海湾地区。 师问:(师出示幻灯片)乡镇企业的崛起对我国经济的发展有什么意义, 学生回答后教师指出: ?为农民开辟了致富新途径; ?推动了农村经济的发展; ?改变了农村单一的产业结构; ?促进了小城镇的发展; ?促进了国家的工业化进程。 [过渡]我国的农村经济体制改革取得了巨大成就，同时它也推动了我国城市经济体制的改革。 二、城市经济体制改革 师问:城市经济体制改革是哪一年全面展开,主要内容有哪些,重点是什么, 学生回答后老师强调:城市经济体制改革主要是所有制结构的改革和管理体制的改革，改革的重点是国有企业改革。 1、国有企业改革 师问:(出示相关幻灯片资料)国有企业改革的主要内容、目标和意义是什么, 教师指导学生阅读教材回答后强调:国有企业改革主要是改革原来高度集中的管理体制，扩大企业自主权，增强企业活力，提高企业效益。 目标是建立现代企业制度，提高企业效益。 [过渡]城市经济体制改革中，改革所有制结构是内容之一，也就是改变单一的公有制结构，允许非公有制经济存在。在非公有制经济中，民营企业的勃兴是大亮点。 2、民营企业的勃兴 师问:在城市经济体制改革中勃兴的民营企业包括哪几种形式, 生答:个体经济和民营经济。 师问:个体和民营经济的兴起有何重要意义, 教师指导学生阅读教材回答:略。 three thematic education and Central and provincial implementation of the inspection group feedback problem rectification in accordance with the three Suns activities require, 11 April 2015 to November organizations focus on activities, focus on General Secretary XI Jinping important speech and the code of self-discipline of the CPC, the CPC disciplinary regulations, and so on. June 30, 2015 organization full town all members cadres for has three strict three real topic education learning, from November mid-began, respectively organization members cadres to held Symposium, and individual Exchange, and set sought views box and phone, widely collection members cadres masses, on party team in slim man, and with right law has, and officer venture, aspects of problem 6 article; in comply with party of political discipline, and political rules and discipline, aspects of problem 4 article; In the implementation of honest responsibility and oversight responsibilities of question 2, a total of 12. Control three-three standard, vertical vertical line, that is to say know immediately. Ideologically, politically, and in action with the CPC Central Committee and provincial, municipal and County party committees was very consistent. Paying careful attention to the Central and provincial inspection group feedback problem corrective action implementation. (E) strengthen the team construction and cadre ideological and political building 1. catching team, constantly strengthening the self-construction of the Party Committee. According to three Suns activity requirements, strengthen the team construction of the Party Committee, and continuously improve the overall quality 【课堂练习】附相关练习题 【课堂小结】教师结合板书设计小结。 【板书设计】 前提:坚持社会主义制度 实质:改革生产关系中不适应生产力发展的若干环节，是社会主义制度的自 我完善 目的:解放和发展生产力 目标:建立社会主义市场经济体制 原因:人民公社体制严重挫伤了农民的生产积极 性，严重影响到农村经济的发展 经内容: 农村经济 家庭联产承济 体 体制改革: 包责任制 制意义: 改内容: 革 原因: 乡镇企业的 内容: 崛起 意义: 理论基础:1984年《中共中央关于经济体制改革的 决定》 时间:1985年 城市经济 内容: 管理体制改革:国有体制改革: 目标: 企业改革(重点) 意义: 内容: 形式: 所有制结构改革:民 营企业勃兴 意义: three thematic education and Central and provincial implementation of the inspection group feedback problem rectification in ac 5 / 5 cordance with the three Suns activities require, 11 April 2015 to November organizations focus on activities, focus on General Secretary XI Jinping important speech and the code of self-discipline of the CPC, the CPC disciplinary regulations, and so on. June 30, 2015 organization full town all members cadres for has three strict three real topic education learning, from November mid-began, respectively organization members cadres to held Symposium, and individual Exchange, and set sought views box and phone, widely collection members cadres masses, on party team in slim man, and with right law has, and officer venture, aspects of problem 6 article; in comply with party of political discipline, and political rules and discipline, aspects of problem 4 article; In the implementation of honest responsibility and oversight responsibilities of question 2, a total of 12. Control three-three standard, vertical vertical line, that is to say know immediately. Ideologically, politically, and in action with the CPC Central Committee and provincial, municipal and County party committees was very consistent. Paying careful attention to the Central and provincial inspection group feedback problem corrective action implementation. (E) strengthen the team construction and cadre ideological and political building 1. catching team, constantly strengthening the self-construction of the Party Committee. According to three Suns activity requirements, strengthen the team construction of the Party Committee, and continuously improve the overall quality