六味地黄丸作用

六味地黄丸作用 地黄丸的分类与作用 (附金匮肾气丸的作用) 目前最常见的地黄丸有六味地黄丸、杞菊地黄丸、知柏地黄丸等。这些地黄丸都是由古代经典处方制成的中成药。 一、六味地黄丸 六味地黄丸这一称谓来自钱仲阳所著的《小儿药证直诀》，六味地黄丸由熟地黄、山茱萸、山药、泽泻、丹皮、茯苓这六味中药组成。最早是“八味地黄丸”，见于张仲景的《金匮要略》。后来，宋代名医、儿科专家钱乙把八味地黄丸里面的附子和桂枝这种温补的药物去掉了，变成了现在的六味地黄丸，并用它来治疗小儿先天不足，发育迟缓等病症。 后来，明代中医有一派非常推崇“肾”的作用，认为肾是人的“先天之本”，一时间，很多名医倡导补肾，比如明代名医薛己最善补肾，他就主张，肾阴虚用六味地黄丸，肾阳虚用八味地黄丸。薛己的实践为许多后世医家认可，他们倡导的补肾观点对后世的影响非常大。 比如同仁堂古方六味地黄丸要求使用出自河南的怀地黄和怀山药(四大怀药)。怀地黄则要求第一要大，第二要熟，只用三等以上的高品质原料，再将生地黄以黄酒泡透蒸熟，遵循古方“酒蒸酒制;而山萸肉除采用道地药材“杭萸”，含核量控制在1%以内;丹皮只用安徽地产“凤丹皮”等。名方之所以有名有效就是从源头用好材制成。 六味地黄丸的主治和用法 六味地黄丸[1]主要是治疗那些肾阴虚而阳盛的人，阳亢乃至强阳不倒，坚持服用六味地黄丸则一定能收到理想效果，但是现代人一般都是阴盛阳虚的体质，如果再服用六味地黄丸，只能使阴邪更盛，而阳气更虚，外在现就是这个人越发没有力气，做事情没有精神，爬完楼梯都要喘半天。所以，使用六味地黄丸首先要辨清是肾阴虚还是肾阳虚，肾阳虚的人绝不可用，肾阴虚的人也不可多用，以服用后收到效果为准，食用过多也会伤害身体。 六味地黄丸的保健功效 六味地黄丸并不是包治百病，但据统计，在各种文献报道中，六味地黄丸治疗的病症涉及137种。最常见的是用于治疗亚健康状态、提高免疫力、延缓衰老，所以很多人把它当作保健药品在长期服用。同时，作为治疗药品，它在高血压、糖尿病、更年期综合征等疾病的治疗和辅助治疗中也取得了良好的效果。 六味地黄丸最早源自“医圣”张仲景的名著《伤寒杂病论》的“金匮肾气丸”(即桂附地黄丸)。至北宋，太医丞钱乙认为肾决定着人的生长发育，强调补泻要同时进行的理论。遂从“金匮肾气丸”入手，创制了滋补肾阴的名方——六味地黄丸，由熟地、山茱萸、山药、泽泻、丹皮、茯苓6味中药组成。 中医学认为肾藏有“先天之精”，为脏腑阴阳之本，生命之源，故称为“先天之本”。方中用熟地黄滋阴补肾，填精生髓，为方中的君药。山茱萸滋养肝肾，并能涩精;怀山药补脾益气而固精，二者用为臣药。三味药相配，共同发挥补益肝、脾、肾的作用，效力全面，且以补肾阴为主，补其不足，可治“本”。泽泻泄肾利湿，并可防止熟地黄过于滋腻;丹皮能够清泻肝火，同时可以制约山茱萸的收敛作用;茯苓淡渗脾湿，帮助怀山药健运脾胃，这三味药物为泻药，泻湿浊，平其偏盛，为佐药，是治标。 六味药材的选择地道不地道，对药效也是相当重要的，所谓“药材好、药才好”。地道药材就是指有特定产区(土壤、气候)、历史悠久、生产及加工技术成熟，品种优良、临床疗效突出的中药材。药材产地不同，其有效成份含量、疗效有着显著的差异。中国历代名医名家在临床中总结出不同的药材有各自的地道产地。素有地道药材产地是中成药生产的“第一车间”之说。比如生产“仲景”牌浓缩六味地黄丸的宛西制药，其所选用药材产自著名的“天然药材库”——河南伏牛山，其主导产品仲景六味地黄丸以制药工艺之规范、先进，被国家确定为优质优价产品，无愧于“承医圣精华，造仲景名药”的称号。因其为浓缩剂型，服用量少，不含糖，更适宜现代人养生保健的新要求。 更适用于肾阴 仅从历史医家的主张就可以看出，六味地黄丸以滋补肾阴为主;此外，从药方的组成来看，它可以达到三阴同补(补肾阴、补肝阴、补脾阴)的效果，比如熟地黄可以补肾阴;山茱萸则是肝肾同补，通过补肝来达到补肾的目的;山药能健脾益肾，通过健脾来补后天。由此可以看出，六味地黄丸更适用于阴虚，阳虚者则应选择更适合的药物。 如何判断是阴虚、还是阳虚呢,肾阴虚的典型症状是潮热、盗汗、手心和脚心烦热、口燥咽干，此外还有遗精、梦遗、早泄等。肾阳虚的典型症状是腰膝酸软、不耐疲劳、经常觉得乏力、四肢发凉、喜热怕冷等。有些肾阳不足的人，也可 能会出现勃起功能障碍、早泄、滑精等性功能问题。 著名中医学者聂文涛先生曾指出二者最显著的差别:阳虚怕冷，阴虚发热。 那么，目前中年人是肾阳虚多还是肾阴虚多呢,对正常人群，做这样的区分没有意义。阴虚、阳虚是指肾虚发展到一定程度之后才有的症状。大部分人可能仅仅处于肾气轻微不足的状态，远未到肾阴虚或肾阳虚的程度。 六味地黄丸的副作用 1、健康人群 对于正常人群，如果没有明显肾阴虚的症状，我认为不适宜于自行长期服用六味地黄丸。 2、明显是阳虚(包括肾阳虚、脾阳虚)的人不宜服用 肾阳虚的人面色偏白，体质虚弱，喜夏不喜冬，这样的人不适于吃六味地黄丸。许多因肾阳不足引起的勃起功能障碍患者，还一味地服用六味地黄丸，病症就会“雪上加霜”。彭教授特别提醒到，他们应该选择治疗肾阳虚的药物，比如金匮肾气丸。 3、肾阴虚但脾胃功能不好的人 六味地黄丸是偏于补阴的药，配方中阴柔的药多一些，吃了后会妨碍消化功能。中老人一般脾胃功能不强，服用更要谨慎。间断吃，影响不大;长期连续服用的话，就不可取了。 据陕西中医研究院的专家魏主任介绍，六味地黄丸属甘温性，偏于补阴的药，主治肾阴虚。由于配方中阴柔的药多一些，所以吃后有时候会妨碍消化功能，因此脾胃功能弱、消化不良者慎吃。服用两周后如果效果不明显，可能是选药不对症，可以找一位中医大夫对身体的症状进行诊断，对症选药。与六味地黄丸相同功效的知柏地黄丸，还能治疗火旺，如手心和脚心烦热、口燥咽干，舌尖红，有清热作用。服药之前应该先去咨询医生:有没有肾虚，是肾阴虚还是肾阳虚，该不该服用六味地黄丸，服多长时间，尽量避免由于盲目用药而造成的身体不适。 六味地黄丸的多种用途 六味地黄丸全方由熟地黄、山茱萸、山药、泽泻、牡丹皮、茯苓组成，有补阴方药之祖之誉，能滋阴补肾，对肾阴不足所致诸般虚症，均有良效。现代医学研究证实它还有以下多种用途。 1、预防食管癌。六味地黄丸的成分之一是熟地，含有较多的微量元素硒，能防止可诱发各种癌症的过氧化酶和自由基的生成。有关研究资料证实，用六味地黄丸对食管癌前期病变上皮重度增生效果良好。 2、治疗肾盂肾炎。六味地黄丸可调节机体免疫功能，增强全身及肾脏局部的防御功能，适于慢性肾盂肾炎的治疗，在用抗生素的基础上可加服六味地黄丸效果明显。 3、治疗男子不育症。六味地黄丸可作用于下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴而改善性激素分泌，促进正常精子的生成，从而提高受孕率。 4、治疗过敏性鼻炎。六味地黄丸可增强细胞免疫功能，促进免疫球蛋白的合成，又能抑制抗体的生成，抑制过敏反应，起到双向调节作用。用六味地黄丸加色甘酸钠治疗过敏性鼻炎，停药后疗效维持时间长，复发少。 5、其它。治疗糖尿病，服药7,10天即见症状减轻;治疗慢性喉炎，饭前用淡盐开水送服;治疗更年期综合症，六味地黄丸能升高更年期综合症患者雌二醇及白细胞雌激素受体水平，使更年期症状明显好转。另外，还可用于肺癌的放疗期，可提高放疗效果。 补遗 随着科技的发展和临床上的应用，一些科学家发现了六味地黄丸的许多新功能。例如国内中医学者提出六味地黄丸对与增强免疫力、抗辐射、抑制肿瘤、调节血糖代谢、保肝等有奇效。台湾卫生署也宣布六味地黄丸具有抗衰老、增强记忆力的功能。 通过对六味地黄丸的药理研究还发现，它可提高更年期妇女体内雌激素水平，改善机体内分泌功能及机体的内环境，从而改善、消除各种临床症状;同时，六味地黄丸还可促进机体对钙的吸收，防止骨质疏松;此外，六味地黄丸还被证 实，可降低动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的发病率。 现代药理研究也六味地黄丸在男性性功能障碍中的治疗作用。实验研究发现，六味地黄丸能增加附睾重量、大幅度增加精子数量、增强交配能力、兴奋下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺系统作用，这也是其增强性功能的机制。 二、知柏地黄丸 知柏地黄丸在滋补肝肾的基础上，加了一个知母和黄柏。这两个药是一个清热的药，所以在养阴的基础上，又加了一些清热的，主要针对阴虚火旺患者。对于肾阴虚损、阴虚火旺引起的口干口苦、五心烦热、出汗过多、面红目赤、心烦意乱、不眠多梦、月经不调、遗精等症有很好的疗效。同时能改善更年期症状。知柏地黄丸中的黄柏具有清热利湿的功效，因此还可以用来治疗老年人小便发黄、尿道刺痛、腰酸膝软等慢性泌尿道感染疾病。如果单纯就是阴虚，还没有什么口干，没有什么牙龈肿痛，这些就用六味地黄丸。 知柏地黄丸可治疗西医诊断之慢性肾炎，慢性肾功能不全，慢性肾盂肾炎，肾结核。甲亢、糖尿病等证见阴虚火旺者 【知柏地黄丸功效,主治】肝肾阴虚，虚火上炎证。头目昏眩，耳鸣耳聋，虚火牙痛，五心烦热，腰膝酸痛，血淋尿痛，遗精梦泄，骨蒸潮热，盗汗颧红，咽干口燥，舌质红，脉细数。 注意事项:1、孕妇慎服。2、虚寒性病证患者不适用，其表现为怕冷、手足凉、喜热饮。3、不宜和感冒类药同时服用。4、本品宜空腹或饭前服用，开水或淡盐水送服。5、服药一周症状无改善，应去医院就诊。6、药品性状发生改变时禁止服用。7、按照用法用量服用，小儿应在医师指导下服用。8、儿童必须在成人的监护下使用。9、请将此药品放在儿童不能接触的地方。10、如正在服用其他药品，使用本品前请咨询医师或药师。 三、杞菊地黄丸 杞菊地黄丸的处方组成为:枸杞子，菊花，山茱萸(制)，牡丹皮，山药，茯苓，泽泻，熟地黄。杞菊地黄丸是在六味黄丸方剂中加入枸杞子和菊花二味中药制成，枸杞子能补肝肾，菊花能清肝明目降肝火，因此，杞菊地黄丸除具有六味地黄丸之功效外，还偏于清肝明目 ，用于治疗头晕、目眩、耳鸣、视物模糊等症，能有效改善目涩、视物昏花、眼胀、视力减退、耳鸣、听力下降等症状，也可以用于白内障、神经性耳鸣的治疗。有高血压、糖尿病、动脉硬化的人，也可服用该药。 杞菊地黄丸临床应用: 1. 用于头目眩晕，视物模糊或枯涩眼痛，或迎风流泪，羞明畏光，或耳聋耳鸣，潮热盗汗等辨症属于肝肾阴亏者。 2. 眼科疾病:本品为治疗眼科疾病的基本方药。 (1)中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变:有人用杞菊地黄汤治疗肾虚型中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者，结果临床治愈率达到75%。 (2)慢性前葡萄膜炎黄斑水肿:临床采用杞菊地黄丸加乙酰唑胺片治疗慢性前葡萄膜炎黄斑水肿21例，结果黄斑水肿消失率为56.5%，有效率为69.6%，与单用乙酰唑胺组比较差异性显著。 (3)早期老年黄斑变性:21例(32只眼)早期黄斑变性患者服用杞菊地黄口服液治疗，服用4个月后，14只眼症状消失，Amsle 表检查异常的18只眼中有12只恢复正常，视力好转者20只眼，疗效明显好于对照组。 3. 高血压及左室肥厚:用杞菊地黄口服液合用依那普利治疗?、?期高血压患者22例，疗程3个月，结果发现血压明显下降，左室心肌重量消退率为25.5%，左室心肌重量指数消退率为25.3%，明显高于单用依那普利治疗，此外，加用杞菊地黄口服液还能明显改善症状，咳嗽副反应明显减少。 4. 舍格林氏综合征:用胸腺肽加用杞菊地黄液，养阴清肺糖浆治疗舍格林氏综合征2例，用药3个月后，40.9%的患者症状和检查有中度改善，31.8%的患者有轻度改善。 5. 慢性病毒性肝炎:用杞菊地黄丸治疗慢性病毒性肝炎32例，每次1丸，口服2次。3个月为1疗程，经1,2个疗程治疗，症状基本消失及减轻者为30例，肝缩小至正常者12例，脾缩小至正常者2例，明显优于对照组，随访一年半，其远期疗效亦优于对照组。 6. 椎-基底动脉供血不足:临床观察发现应用杞菊地黄丸能有效地治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足性眩晕症。 7. 其他:另有文献报道，单用本品或伍用其他药物可治疗血管性头痛，老年糖尿病并发症、玻璃体混浊、甲状腺功能亢进，对原发性开角型青光眼术后有明显的增视效果。 四、归芍地黄丸-滋阴养血 归芍地黄丸组成:归芍地黄丸在六味地黄丸的基础上增加了养血柔肝的当归和白芍，即由当归、白芍(酒炒)、熟地黄、山茱萸(制)、山药、牡丹皮、泽泻、茯苓八味药组成。 中医认为，血是水谷经过气的作用转化而成的，其生成与心、脾、胃、肾有着密切的关系。生成后的血与心、脾、肝分别主宰其运行和储藏，心生血、肝藏血、脾统血。血与气的关系密切，不仅血的生成与气有关，而且血的运行也需要靠气的推动。因此，气虚常常会导致血虚，血虚亦有气虚存在;补血时要兼顾到补气。 血虚包括贫血、神经官能症、某些虚弱症、月经不调等症，可表现为面色不华或萎黄、心悸眩晕、气短无力、体虚疲乏、指甲色淡、月经不调、失眠多梦、经后腹痛、脉细、舌质淡等。对于血虚，可以选用当归、白芍、熟地、阿胶、何首乌、龙眼、紫河车等中药治疗;由于气虚常伴随血虚存在，所以，还可以适当补充一些补气的药，如黄芪、党参、甘草等，能够增强补血的效果。 归芍地黄丸功能主治:滋肝肾、补阴血、清虚热。除具有六味地黄丸补肾阴的功效外，当归、白芍还具有养血柔肝的作用。常用于肝肾两亏、阴虚血少、头晕目眩、耳鸣咽干、午后潮热、腰腿酸痛、脚跟疼痛。有补血滋阴之功，主治血亏阴虚导致的头昏眼花、目暗不明、心悸怔忡、失眠多梦、潮热盗汗、口燥咽干、两胁疼痛、月经不调等症。 归芍地黄丸用法:每次1丸，每日2次，淡盐汤或温开水冲服。补血中成药以消除或改善血虚症候为主要功效。由于血虚与气虚、血虚与阴虚常常相互并见，所以运用补血中成药时，要以血虚症为主要表现。 五、麦味地黄丸-滋阴补肾经典药 麦味地黄丸又名八仙长寿丸，曾用名为八味地黄丸，首见于明代医家龚廷贤所撰《寿世保元》。 麦味地黄丸方药组成:在六味地黄丸基础上配伍麦冬、五味子，共八味药，即麦冬、五味子、熟地黄、山茱萸、牡丹皮、山药、茯苓和泽泻。 麦味地黄丸是经典的滋阴补肾药，功效为滋补肺肾，用于肺肾阴虚，潮热盗汗，咳嗽吐血，咽干，眩晕耳鸣，腰膝酸软。 除具有六味地黄丸滋补肾阴的功效外，麦冬清补肺阴，清热除烦;五味子补肾敛肺;八药配伍，适合肺肾阴虚诸证，对阴虚咳嗽或消耗性疾病(如肺结核)所致的口渴咽干、痰中带血等病疗效尤佳。 临床上麦味地黄丸主要应用于肺结核症见干咳带血、阴虚内热、全身乏力;阴虚喘促症见无痰喘促、口干舌燥、舌红少苔;遗精症见腰痛遗精、手足心热;糖尿病症见口渴尿频、舌红少苔等。 麦味地黄丸的剂型及用法:剂型分为大蜜丸、水蜜丸、浓缩丸、片剂及口服液5种。大蜜丸每次1丸，每天2次;水蜜丸每次6克，每天2次;浓缩丸每次8丸，每天3次;片剂 每次3,4片，每天3次;口服液每次10毫升，每天2次。服用麦味地黄丸时应忌辛辣食物。另外麦味地黄丸的功效对于阴虚病人显著，但服用也要注意。服用麦味地黄丸时，忌吃不消化的食物，感冒发烧时最好不要吃。并且高血压、心脏病、肝病、肾病、糖尿病、孕妇、儿童等人群要在医师指导下服用。 六(桂附地黄丸 桂附地黄丸是常用中成药。由肉桂、附子(制)、熟地黄、山茱萸(制)、牡丹皮、山药、茯苓、泽泻八味药组成的。全方以六味地黄丸为基础滋补肝肾之阴，又配以肉桂、附子温补肾中阳气，以达到 “益火之源，以消阴翳”的目的。诸药配合，既补肾阴，又补肾阳，阴阳互生，阴中求阳，正如张景岳所言“善补阳者，必于阴中求阳，则阳得阴助而生化无穷”。对于肾阳亏虚所致之疾患极为适宜。 功增温补肾阳，用于肾阳不足，腰膝酸冷，肢体浮肿，小便不利或反多，痰饮喘咳，消渴。又用于小腹拘急，腰腿酸软，下半身常有冷感而属于肾虚阳微者。还用于治疗慢性支气管哮喘、慢性气管炎等病属于肾虚阳弱的虚喘或痰饮作喘等兼见腰中冷痛、小便不利者。近年来研究发现其对以下疾病均有良好的辅助治疗作用1(慢性肾炎:时有血尿、蛋白尿、肾性高血压、水肿等。 怎样才能辨出“肾阳虚证”和”肾阴虚证”呢,肾阳虚的人除了有畏寒、肢冷等虚寒证候外，舌质的颜色一定是偏淡红、淡白或淡紫;而肾阴虚的人不但没有上述虚寒证候，反而会有口燥咽干、五心烦热等虚热证候，舌质的颜色一定是偏红、深红或深红紫。有了“舌质的颜色是偏深，还是偏浅”这一可靠的指征作为鉴别要点，你的辨证就会八九不离十了。 目前有许多临床医师和药店药师均将桂附地黄丸当作金匮肾气丸给患者使用。但桂附地黄丸不是金匮肾气丸。 首先，古方金匮肾气丸处方已与今方(药店销售)金匮肾气丸处方不同，按现今国家药品，桂附地黄丸与金匮肾气丸是处方组成不同的两种中成药，因此把药店里的金匮肾气丸当作桂附地黄丸销售是错误的;其次，“今方金匮肾气丸的方剂由熟地、山药、山茱萸、茯苓、泽泻、牡丹皮加桂枝、附子八味组成”的说法是错误的。同时，桂附地黄丸方中用的不是桂枝而是肉桂，山茱萸、附子也是炮制品;再次，六味地黄丸是由金匮肾气丸减去肉桂、制附子两味药化裁而成，说金匮肾气丸是在六味地黄丸的基础上加入桂枝、附子两味药组成的，则是本末倒置。 古方金匮肾气丸为医圣张仲景(东汉)创制，载于《金匮要略》，在该书中有两个名，即该书“中风历节病脉证并治第五”篇中的“崔氏八味丸”和“妇人杂病脉证并治第二十二”篇中的“肾气丸”。处方由干地黄、山茱萸、山药、泽泻、茯苓、牡丹皮、桂枝、附子(炮)八味药组成，用于治疗“脚气上入，少腹不仁”及妇女“转胞”。宋代陈师文等人奉敕所撰《太平惠民和剂局方》(成书于1110年)对该方进行了改进，将桂枝改为肉桂，干地黄改为熟地，且加大肉桂及制附子的用量，使该药药效有了质的提高，更主要用于肾气虚乏，取名“八味丸”，收载于该书“卷之五?治诸虚(附骨蒸)”。由于该方最早出自《金匮要略》，且与六味地黄丸相比，多了肉桂、制附子两味药，所以后世又习称其为金匮肾气丸、桂附地黄丸、八味地黄丸。而六味地黄丸系宋代太医钱乙针对小儿“肾无实，必主虚”的病理特点，去掉金匮肾气丸中附子、肉桂两味药，创制而成，载于《小儿药证直诀?卷下?诸方》(成书于1119年)，原名“地黄丸”，用于儿科“治肾怯失音，囟开不合，神不足，目中白睛多，面色白”，即小儿肾虚。在历代医学典籍中，六味地黄丸应用极为广泛，遍布内、外、妇、儿、五官、皮肤等各科杂症，现主要用于肾阴虚证。而南宋医家严用和在“金匮肾气丸”基础上加入川牛膝(去芦，酒浸)、车前子(酒蒸)，并将山药炒用，加减化裁制成“加味肾气丸”，并收载于其《严氏济生方》(简称《济生方》，成书于1253年)中，后世习称之为济生肾气丸，治肾虚腰重，脚肿，小便不利。如果说六味地黄丸是对金匮肾气丸的提炼，那么，济生肾气丸是对金匮肾气丸的发展。 今方桂附地黄丸质量标准收载于《中国药典》2005年版一部，处方组成与宋代金匮肾气丸方基本相同，由肉桂、制附子、熟地黄、山茱萸(制)、牡丹皮、山药、茯苓、泽泻八味药组成，惟肉桂、制附子用量减半(与仲景肾气丸方相近)。温补肾阳，用于肾阳不足。肉桂、制附子两味药在方中用量较小，意在补命门之火，即生肾气。今方金匮肾气丸质量标准收载于《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准?中药成方制剂》第二十册，主要由地黄、山药、山茱萸(酒炙)、茯苓、牡丹皮、泽泻、桂枝、附子(炙)、牛膝(去头)、车前子(盐炙)十味药组成，温补肾阳， 化气行水，用于肾虚水肿，腰膝酸软，小便不利等。与八味药组成的古方“金匮肾气丸”处方组成已大不相同，与古方“济生肾气丸”较接近些。而今方济生肾气丸质量标准收载于《中国药典》2005年版一部，处方主要是在桂附地黄丸的基础上倍用茯苓、同时加入牛膝、车前子两味药组成。与今方金匮肾气丸比较，今方济生肾气丸用熟地而不用生地，用肉桂而不用桂枝，车前子不经过盐炙，而且各味药的剂量组成有显著不同，而与古方济生肾气丸比较，在药味炮制及剂量上差异更大。虽然济生肾气丸亦具有温肾化气，利水消肿之功，用于肾阳不足，水湿内停所致的肾虚水肿，但应注意根据病人的临床表现，辨证用药。 时移事异，时代在发展，中医药学也在不断发展，古今同方异名，同名异方屡见不鲜，有时候多年的经验或者知识积累也可能是过时的或错误的认识。事实上，现今无论是临床医生，还是驻店药师，常常把桂附地黄丸和金匮肾气丸当作同一种药给患者使用，甚至于不少文献中亦将两药当作为同一种药。虽然两药功能相似，但毕竟处方组成有显著不同，适应症的侧重点亦有所不同(金匮肾气丸在补肾同时增强了利水作用，同时用牛膝引药下行，直趋下焦，强壮腰膝)，应当加以区别使用。 七、明目地黄丸 明目地黄丸一般用于滋肾养血明目，治肝肾阴虚、目涩羞明、视物模糊、迎风流泪。成分是六味地黄丸再加上六味药(即熟地黄、山茱萸制、怀山药、云茯苓、牡丹皮、福泽泻等六味，加枸杞子、甘菊花、全当归、大白芍、潼蒺藜、石决明煅)。 熟地黄味甘、性微温，入心、肝、肾经。功能益肝肾、滋阴降火、养血补血。有促血凝、增强心脏收缩力、利尿、轻微降血糖的作用。 山茱萸制味酸涩、性微温，入肝、肾经。功能补益肝肾、涩精止遗、敛汗固脱。有利尿降压、改善糖尿病消渴症状的作用。对放、化疗所致的白细胞下降亦有改善作用。 怀山药味甘、性平，入肺、脾、肾经。功能补脾养胃，益肺固肾，养阴生精，久服可降血糖。 云茯苓味甘淡、性平，入脾、肺、膀胱、心经。功能渗湿利水，健脾宁心，有利尿排钠、镇静、保肝、抗溃疡的作用。 牡丹皮味苦辛、性微寒。入心、肝、肾经。功能清热凉血、活血散瘀。有降压、解热、镇静、通经的作用， 和子宫平滑肌收缩。 能降低毛细血管通透性，抑制回肠 福泽泻味甘淡、性寒，入肾、膀胱经。功能利水渗湿、泻热通淋、清心肺、滋肾火。有利尿、降糖、降压作用，能稍降血中胆固醇。 枸杞子味甘、性平，入肝、肾经。功能补益肝肾、养阴补血、益精明目、润肺止咳。有促进肝细胞再生作用、抑制脂肪在肝脏中沉积、降低血中胆固醇和减轻动脉硬化作用，能降血糖和增强免疫力。治糖尿消渴效佳。 甘菊花味甘微苦、性凉，入肺、肝、胃经。功能疏风散热、清肝明目，解毒消肿。有扩张冠状动脉、增加冠脉血流量、降低局部毛细血管通透性的作用。菊花又分黄、白、野菊花。甘(白)菊花偏清肝明目。 全当归味甘辛、性温，入肝、心、脾经。功能补血活血、调经止痛、润肠通便。能扩张血管、增加冠状动脉血流量，现已用于治疗冠心病和血栓闭塞性脉管炎。有降压、利尿、保肝、护肝及拟维生素E作用，并能促红细胞和血红蛋白生成。 大白芍味苦酸、性微寒，入肝、脾经。功能养血敛阴，平抑肝阳、柔肝止痛。有缓解胃肠及子宫平滑肌痉挛、扩张冠状动脉和利尿的作用。能抗血栓形成，并有镇静作用。 潼蒺藜味苦辛、性平，入肺、肝经。功能平肝解郁、祛风明目。常用于肝阳上亢、肝气郁结、乳闭不通、肝热、目赤多泪、风疹瘙痒等证。亦有降压作用。 石决明煅味咸、性寒，入肝经。功能平肝潜阳、清肝明目。煅用有收敛、止血作用。本品有镇静及减轻脑部充血的作用。 这12味药组成了治疗目疾的重要方剂，但其作用与心脑血管、肝肾等脏器密切相关，虽没有表明降压，但所列能治症状，包括降低血压的症候群。 再从高血压病的病理变化来分析。早期仅为周身细小动脉痉挛日久引起管壁变性，如小动脉压力持续增 高，引起内膜纤维组织和弹力纤维增生，管腔狭窄加重缺血，继续发展则将导致脏器继发性改变，其中以心、脑、肾为最重要。 中医学认为，劳倦过度或年老肾亏，肾精不足，肝失所养，阴不敛阳则肝阳上亢，上扰清窍。长期精神紧张或忧思恼怒，肝气郁滞，化火伤阳，亦致肝火肝阳上越，饮酒过度或恣食肥甘，损伤脾胃，运化失职，湿浊内生，蕴久则化热，灼津生痰，痰浊使肝风上扰，均可成脑晕、头痛之症。若阴亏较甚，不能上承于心，则见心悸、健忘、不寐之症，若阳盛化火、化风、肝风入络则四肢麻木，甚则口眼歪斜，若肝阳暴亢动风，血随气逆、挟痰挟火，横窜经络，扰动心神，阻蔽清窍，而成中风昏厥之重危征象。 必须针对病因，坚持长期合理治疗，尤其对血胆固醇升高、电解质紊乱、糖耐量异常、尿酸增多，引发痛风性关节炎，对肝、肾、胃肠道等不良反应。可采用中药治疗，标本兼顾，滋养肝肾合平肝潜阳，健脾益气合化痰降逆，益气养阴合活血化瘀等。 由此可见，明目地黄丸制剂除补肾明目外，尚有治疗高血压的作用。 视疲劳与中医眼科肝劳一症相似。“肝劳”一词最早见于《千金要方》，是指持续地注视近距离目标后，眼睛过于劳累而出现眼胀、眼痈、头晕、眼眶胀痛等症状。因目为肝窍，故名肝劳。因此，具有养肝益肾、明目益睛作用的中成药，比如六味地黄丸、杞菊地黄丸、明目地黄丸成了缓解视疲劳的经典药品。 六味地黄丸组方为熟地黄、山茱萸、丹皮、山药、茯苓、泽泻，能滋阴补肾，适用于因肾阴亏损出现的目视昏花、视力减退、头晕耳鸣等症。 杞菊地黄丸组方为六味地黄丸加枸杞子、菊花。方中枸杞子滋阴补肾，兼能养肝明目;菊花能疏风清热，平肝明目。本药能滋肾养肝，适用于肝肾阴亏引起的视物疲劳、视物昏花、眩晕耳鸣、羞明畏光、迎风流泪等症。视疲劳、视神经萎缩，老年黄斑变性、慢性结膜炎、慢性青光眼等病也不妨适用本药。 明目地黄丸组方为杞菊地黄丸加当归、白芍、白蒺藜、石决明。此方对肝肾阴虚、虚火上炎引起的多种眼目病症有良效。适用于肝肾阴虚引起的视物疲劳、目涩畏光、视物模糊、迎风流泪等症。而中心视网膜炎、视神经炎、干燥性角膜炎、老年性泪腺萎缩、老年白内障、单纯性青光眼等也可使用本药调理。 值得一提的是，中医补肝肾很有学问，用地黄丸保护视力，首先要弄清是肝肾阴虚还是肝肾阳虚，所以请在医生的指导下服用此类药物。 此外，一些具有养肝作用的食物，如桂圆肉、猪肝、鱼头、猪血、鸡蛋、枸杞、海参、墨鱼、胡桃等，都有明目作用，不妨经常食用。 地黄丸并不是人人适宜的保健品。这三种地黄丸都以清凉滋补为主，适合于虚热症人群。一般来说，夏天怕热可以吃知柏地黄丸，女性吃杞菊地黄丸比较好。那些体质并不虚弱，或者没有肝肾亏损症状的患者服用后可能会适得其反，损伤脾胃。特别是怕冷、浮肿、胃脘作胀、大便稀溏等寒性体质患者，不宜服用。 八、金匮肾气丸 金匮肾气丸又叫八味肾气丸，八味地黄丸或桂附地黄丸，金匮肾气丸这一处方最早记载于宋朝的《济生方》，该书中有论治的文章70篇，药方400首。金匮肾气丸广采了古人可用之方，兼收了已经验证的有效的方子，集合多年的心得及临床实际，是一部收方广泛、内容完整的书籍。书中在继承的同时，还对原有的古方进行改进，在2000多年前汉代张仲景治疗肾虚的肾气丸的基础上，经过加味牛膝、车前子后，扩大了原有适应范围，使金匮肾气丸成为治疗虚实及杂证的名方--济生肾气丸。这个方子用药平稳实用，备受后事医家推崇，如今的金匮肾气丸便是其发展而成。 金匮肾气丸处方分析: 金匮肾气丸是在六味地黄丸的基础上加了麸子和肉桂，金匮肾气丸主要成分有地黄、山药等八味中药，制作方法是取地黄 108g 山药 27g 山茱萸(酒炙)27g 茯苓 78g 牡丹皮 27g 泽泻 27g ，粉碎成细粉，过筛，混匀。每100g粉末加炼蜜35,50g与适量的水泛丸，干燥，制成水蜜丸;或加炼蜜110,130g制成大蜜丸，即得。 金匮肾气丸为黄褐色，味道酸、微甘、苦。石家庄肾病医院中医专家认为，金匮肾气丸为补肾阳代表方，本方中补阳的主药附子、肉桂均取少量，而辅以六味地黄大队补阴药，可以鼓舞肾气壮火而食气。 金匮肾气丸的临床应用: 临床上金匮肾气丸主要用于治疗慢性肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎、前列腺炎、尿潴留、甲状腺功能低下，营养不良性浮肿、糖尿病、慢性支气管炎、口腔溃疡、神经衰弱、腰椎间盘突出症等的辅助治疗。 金匮肾气丸的药理作用: 金匮肾气丸中的熟地能滋肾填精，山茱萸养阴涩精，山药补脾固精。以上三药配合能滋肾阴、养肝血、益脾阴而涩精止遗，泽泻能清泄肾火，并能防止熟地之滋腻作用，牡丹皮能清泻肝火，并能制止山茱萸的温燥性，茯苓淡渗脾湿，能助山药健脾之功效，主要起到以下几方面作用: 1、金匮肾气丸可提高S0D，有改善垂体--肾上腺皮质功能作用。可延缓衰老、恢复精力。 2、改善脂代谢、增强神经--体液调解、抗白内障等作用。 2、降低血糖，提高巨噬细胞吞噬功能，对动脉粥样硬化改善产生良好作用。 3、具有降压的作用。 金匮肾气丸对于肾病的治疗 对于肾脏病来说，金匮肾气丸主要治疗被中医临床辨证属于肾阳虚型的慢性肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎、糖尿病肾病等，可起到明显的改善症状的作用，可减轻患者因强的松而引起的精神异常、眩晕、肥胖及多汗等并发症;还可以治疗肾病患者的腰痛等，但经多年的临床实践，金匮肾气丸并不能够对慢性肾病的肾脏纤维化进程起干预和阻断作用，所以，对于慢性肾病患者，仍需系统正规的合理治疗。 首先，在临床应用金匮肾气丸时，应做到具体情况具体分析，不能随意使用。例如金匮肾气丸主要治疗肾阳虚，这就要求我们在治疗中应注意明辨肾阴虚还是肾阴阳俱虚:对待糖尿病及其并发症者，若以阴虚为主，尤其是阴虚同时兼有内热者，金匮肾气丸则是不合适的。具体来说可能引起口渴多饮烦热，咽干，失眠，性欲亢进，遗精早泄，便干加重，而表现为头痛、牙痛、口腔溃疡等所谓“上火”的症状。 另外，在治疗慢性肾脏病过程中，必须根据患者具体病情，随证加用其他药物，或与其他方剂同时应用。如对于糖尿病慢性并发症患者，由于久病入络、久病多瘀，临床上常需配合活血化瘀的药物，如此便可以治疗糖尿病肾病，减少尿蛋白和尿微量白蛋白，保护肾功能，改善血肌酐、血尿素等指标。 再有一点就是，因为肾脏病属于一种慢性疾病，金匮肾气丸作为一种中成药，可以起到一定的治疗效果，但由于其药效较慢，且不能充分发挥作用，其临床效果往往不能令人满意。针对以上原因，有关肾病专家在中药传统组方基础上，参考了金匮肾气丸成分及用药机理，应用联合用药的方式，近年取得一定成效，临床效果较佳。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.