出租车计价器毕业设计外文资料

出租车计价器毕业外文资料 ABSTRACT In this paper, a multi-channel taximeter that is able to deal with more than one passenger simultaneously is proposed. In order to demonstrate the theory of operation of the proposed system, a complete design for an experimental three-channel taximeter (whose prototype has been built under grant from the Egyptian Academy for Scientific and Technological Research) is presented. System location, outline, block diagrams as well as detailed circuit diagrams for the experimental taximeter are also included. 1. INTRODUCTION Transporting people in the morning from their homes to their works and back in the afternoon has become a big problem in big cities especially in undeveloped countries. As a partial solution of this problem, the authorities in some countries had, unofficially, left the taxicab drivers to carry different passengers to different places at the Same time. For example, a taxicab with four seats may carry four different passengers without any relation between them except that their way of travelling is the same. Accordingly, it has become very difficult to rely on the present conventional single-channel taximeter to determine the fare required from each passenger separately. Accordingly, an unfair financial relation was created between the taxicab driver, owner, passengers and the state taxation department. Under these circumstances, taxicab drivers force the passengers to pay more than what they should pay. In some cases passengers had to pay double fare they should pay. With the present conventional single-channel taximeter, taxicab owners are not able to determine the daily income of their taxicab. In some cases (a taxicab with four seats) they may only get one quarter of the income of the taxicab (collected by the taxicab driver). From which they should pay the salary of the taxicab driver as well as the cost of fuel, minor and major repairs in addition to the car depreciation. As a matter of fact the position of the taxicab owners is not so bad as it seems. A general agreement has been reached between the taxicab drivers and owners such that the drivers should guarantee a fixed daily income to the owners as well as the paying for the cost of fuel as well as the minor repaires. Even though the taxicab drivers still share the large portion ofthe income of the taxicab. Also with the presence of the single-channel taximeter, it has become very difficult for the state taxation department to know the yearly income of the taxicab and accordingly it has become very difficult to estimate the taxes to be paid by the taxicab owners. In order to face this problem, the state taxation department had to impose a fixed estimated taxes for each seat of the taxicab whatever the income of the taxicab. In this paper, we introduced a multichannel taximeter that can deal with more than one passenger simultaneously. I t should be pointed out that by the term passenger we mean a one person or a group of related persons. I t should also be pointed out that our proposed multi-channel taximeter is not, simply, a multi display readouts. As a matter of fact it contains logic circuits that automatically changes the fare per killometer of travelling distance or per minutes of 'waiting time according to the number of passengers hiring the taxicab. In the following part and as an example, we will present a complete design for a three-channel taximeter. Block diagrams as well as detailed circuit diagrams of the experimental three-channel taximeter are also included. A prototype has been built under grant from the Egyptian Academy for Scientific and Technological Research. 2. AN EXPERIMENTAL THREECHANNEL TAXIMETER Theory of operation of our experimental device to work as an electronic digital taximeter is based on t h e fact thathe speedometer cable rotates one revolution for each meter of travelling distance. Accordingly, if the speedometer cable is coupled with a speed sensor that generates a single pulse for each meter of travelling distance, then our taximeter could be three up counter modules associated with a speed sensor unit. However, our experimental taximeter is not simply a three display readouts. As a matter offact it contains logic circuits that automatically changes the fare per kilometer of travelling distance or per minutes of waiting time according to the number of passengers hiring the taxicab. The device may be splitted into two main parts: The first is the speed sensor unit which may be located anywhere in the taxicab such that an easy coupling to the speedometer cable can be achieved. The second unit contains the main electronic circuit, the displayand control panel. The unit should be located somewhere in front of both the driver and the passengers. A possible components locations is shown in Figure 1. A. Speed Sensor Unit The main function of this unit is to supply train of pulses whose frequency is proportional to the angular rotation of the wheels. A possible form of a speed sensor is shown in Figure 2. If may consist of a tj.pica1 permanent magnet sine wave generator with its output connected to a pulse shapping circuit (two general purpose silicon diodes, 1K ohms resistor and a schmit trigger inverter). In order to find some way to detect the movement of the taxicab, the output of the sine wave generator is rectified through a general purpose silicon diode Dl then smoothed by a 1000 F capacitor. The output voltage at terminal Q is then limited to the value of 4.7 volts by using a Ik ohms resistor as well as a zener diode ZD. The level of the voltage at terminal Q would be high whenever the taxicab is moving and will be zero otherwise. This voltage can be used for the automatic switching from distance fare to time fare. B. Main Electronic and Display Unit A suggested shape for the main electronic and display unit is shown in Figure 3. The control and display panel contains all ' controls necessary for operating the taximeter as well as four readout displays. The first channel will give the sum of money required from the first passenger, while the second and third readouts are for the second and third passengers, respectively. The fourth readout will give the total income of the taxicab. The contents of the last readout should be nonvolatile and be able to be retained even during parking the taxicab. The channel rotary selector switchs 1 , 2 and 3 have fully clockwise/anticlockwise positions. In the fully anticlockwise position, the counter of the corresponding readout is blancked and disabled. In the fully clockwise position, the counter is unblanked, cleared to zero and enabled to be ready for counting the sum of money required from the first, second and third passengers, respectively. Pushing the total sum pushbutton 4 unblanks the fourth readout enabling any person to retain the readout corresponding to the total income. After the release of the pushbutton, the fourth readout will be blanked again. This unit also contains the main electronic circuit which will be fully described in the following section. 3. DESCRIBTION OF THE MAIN ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT The general block diagram of the main electronic circuit is shown in Figure 4. It consists of five subcircuits designated by the symboles CTI up to CT4supporting circuits, these are: The number of passenger deticition circuit CTI, travelling distance scaling circuit CT2, waiting time scaling circuit CT3, circuit CT4 which generates clock pulses for the display circuit. A. Number of Passengers Detection Circuit CT1 As shown from the general block diagram, the circuit CTI has three inputs I, 2 and 3 as well as three outputs J, K and L. The function of the circuit is to supply a high level voltage at terminals J, K or L if and only if one, two or three passengers are hiring the taxicab, respectively. The term passenger, here, means one person or a group of related persons. When a passenger is getting into the cab, we simply turn on a free readout display by turning the corresponding rotary selector switch to a fully clockwise direction. This will automatically disconnect the corresponding terminal I, 2 or 3 from ground. The logical relation between various input terminals I, 2 and 3 and the output terminals J, K and L is shown in Table 1. As a combinational circuit we start the design by deriving a set of boolean functions. A possible simplified boolean functions that gives minimum number of inputs to gates may be obtained from Table I. A possible logical diagram that is based on the above derived expressions is shown in Figure 5. It consists of two inverters, four 2-input AND, to3-input AND two 3-input OR gates B. Tavelling Distance Scaling Circuit CT2 As shown from the block diagram of Figure 4, the circuit CT2 has four input J, K, L and E and one output M. The function of the circuit is to supply a single pulse at the output M for a certain number of pulses generated at the output of the speed sensor (certain number of meters travelled by the taxicab), according to the number of passengers hiring the car. A suggested fare per kilometer of travelling distance is shown in colomn two of Table 2. the circuit, in this case, should supply a single pulse at the output M for every 100, 125 or 143 pulses generated at the input terminal E according to the level of voltage at input terminale 3, K or L, respectively. Our circuit could be, as shown in Figure 5, three decade counters, connected as a three digit frequency divider whose dividing ratios 100, 125 and 143 are automatically selected by the voltage level at terminals J, K and L, respectively. A possible circuit diagram that may verify the above function is shown in Figure 6. It consists of three decade counters type 7490, one BCD-to decimal decoder type 7445, three 4-input AND, one 3-input ANDone 2-input AND two 3-input OR gates. C. Time Scaling Circuit CT3 As shown in the block diagram, the time scalingcircuit will have four inputs J, K, L and F and one output N. The function of this circuit and accordingto colomn three of Table 2 (fare per 2 minuts of waiting time) is to supply a single pulse at the output N for every 120, 240 or 360 pulses supplied at the input terminal F from the I Hz clock according to level of voltage at inputs J, K and L, respectively. Time scaling circuit would be similar to the distance scaling circuit but with different diving ratios. A Possible circuit diagram is shown in figure 7. It consists, in this case, of three decade counter type 7490, two 3-input AND, one 5-input AND, one 2-input AND one 3-input OR gates. D. Circuit CT4 Which Generates Clock Pulses for Display Circuit The function of this circuit is to supply one, two or three pulses at the output terminal R for each pulse generated at any of the terminals N or M, according to the voltage level at the input terminals J, K or L, respectively. The output P will receive a pulse for each pulse generated at any of the input terminals N or M. This function can be performed by the circuit shown in Figure 8, it consists of one ripple counter type 7493, one half of a dual JK masterslave flip-flops circuit type 7476, three inverters, three 2-input AND, one 3-input AND, one 2-input OR and one 3-input OR gates. When a pulse is generated at either input terminals N or M, a high level voltage will be generated at the output Q of the flip-flop. This will g a t e t h e I Khz signal to be connected to the input A of the ripple counter as well as to the output terminal R. When one, two or three pulses are counted by the ripple counter, according to the level of voltage at the input terminals J, K and L, respectively, a high is generated to reset the counter and change the state of the flip-flopsuch that Q becomes low.Hence, the 1 KHz signal is disabled to reach the outputerminal R or the input A of the ripple counter. In order to ensure the proper function of the circuit, the flip-flop should be cleared whenever a new channel is operated. This has been achieved by the input 5 and will be explained later when describing the function of the channels rotary selector switchs. E. Display Circuit As shown in Figure 2, the display panel would contain three 4-digit displays that give the sum of money required from each passenger separately as well as a one six-digit display that gives the total income of the taxicab. A possible wiring diagram for the display circuit is shown in Figure 9. Rotating any of the rotary selector switches to fully clockwise direction will supply the corresponding display by5 volts through terminals 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The corresponding display will be unblanked by supplying a low level of voltage through terminals A, C and G, respectively. Keeping terminals 8, D and H, respectively, at low level will keep them reset to zero. The corresponding display is then enabled by removing the low voltage from terminals B, D, and H, respectively, to be ready for counting the sum of money required from the corresponding passenger starting from zero. The counting pulses for these three displays are supplied through terminal P. The total sum display will be enabled whenever any of the three displays is enabled (this is done by a 3-input OR gate as shown in Figure 8). Retaining the contents of the last display will be done by unblanking it by supplying a low level of voltage to terminal I as shown in Figure 10 b. F. Changing Over Between Time and Distance Fares In the following part, two different methods for changing over between time andistance fares are suggested: The first is to switch to time fare whenever the distance fare is less than the time fare. Hence, a simple look to fares table (Table 2) can show that time fare should be used whenever the taxicab moves with speed less than 50 m/min. A possible circuit that can perform this switching action is shown in Figure IO c. It contains one rpm limit switch and a one inverter as well as two 2-input AND gates. The contacts of the limit switch are normally closed and will be opened whenever the angular speed of the speedometer cablexceeds 50 rmp. The second alternation is to connect the input of the inverter in Figure 10 c. to the output terminal Q of the speedometer circuit, Figure 2. In this case, the switching into time fare will be done whenever the taxicab is at stand still. G. Function of the Rotary Selector Switches The voltage levels that should be supplied by the terminals of the rotary selector switches in order to ensure proper operation by the electronic circuit are given in Table 3. Connection of three rotary selector switches each witb four decks of five poles each, that satisfy the logic function of Table 3, is shown in Figure 10 a. Rotating any of the three switches into fully clockwise direction will pass through five positions. The function of the rotary selector switches can be described starting from the first position passing through variousteps until reaching the final position as follows: Initial position: In this position a low voltage level is applied to terminals I, 2 and 3, this will disconnect the 5 volts supply from the three first displays, set the three inputs of the number of passenger detection circuit CTI to low level. A low voltage level is applied to terminals 8, D and H, this is to ensure that the total income display is disabled. Voltage levels at terminals A, C, G and S are at no care condition. Step I: Rotating any of the rotary selector switches one step toward clockwise direction will supply 5 volts to the corresponding display, provides a high level voltage at terminals 1, 2 or 3 indicating that one passenger have entered the taxicab. A high level voltage should be applied to terminals A, C or G in order to ensure that the corresponding display is still blanked. Other terminals B, D, H and S are kept unchanged. Step 2: Rotating the rotary selector switch one step further, will change the state of voltages at terminal A, C or G to be at low level and unblanks the corresponding display. States of voltages at terminals I, 2, 3 and S are remained unchanged. Terminals B, D and H should be remained at low level to ensure that the corresponding readout is cleared to zero while unblanking the display. -------- 欢迎下载资料，下面是附带送个人简历资料 用不了的话可以自己编辑删除，谢谢～下面黄颜色背景资料 下载后可以编辑删除 X X X 个 人 简 历 个人资料 姓 名:xxxx 婚姻状况:未婚 出 生:1987-06-24 政治面貌:团员 性 别:男 民 族:汉 照片 学 位:本科 移动电话: 专 业:英语 电子邮件: 地 址: 教育背景 2006.9-2010.6 吉林工程技术师范学院-----外国语言文学系 主修课程 大学英语精读，大学英语泛读，英语口语，英语听力，英语写作，英语口本科阶段主修 译，翻译学，词汇学，语法学，英美概况，英国文学，美国文学，语言学， 日语，中外名胜。 特长及兴趣爱好 除了有专业的英语方面知识外，我在校生活部工作一年, 在系宣传部和秘处各工作一年。为全面发展，大三上学期，我加入系文学社，参于了我系《心韵》杂志的创刊和编辑工作。在这些活动中锻炼了我的领导和团队协作能力，学会了更好的与人相处，这些在我以后的工作中一定会有很大的帮助。 计算机能力 能熟悉使用Office工具以及Photoshop、Flash等软件。 获国家计算机二级等级资格证书。 外语水平 通过英语专业四级考试，能熟练进行听说读写译。 奖励情况: 2007-2008 优秀学生会干部 2008,07 师生合唱比赛一等奖 普通话水平测试等级证书 英语专业四级证书 自我评价 X X X 个 人 简 历 个人资料 姓 名: 婚姻状况:未婚 出 生: 政治面貌:团员 性 别: 民 族:汉 学 位: 移动电话: 专 业: 电子邮件: 地 址: 教育背景 2006.9-2010.6 吉林工程技术师范学院-----外国语言文学系 主修课程 大学英语精读，大学英语泛读，英语口语，英语听力，英语写作，英语口译，翻译学，词汇学，语法学，英美概况，英国文学，美国文学，语言学，日语，中外名胜。 能力及特长 这要写你明你有什么样的能力及经验，最重要就是告诉用人单位，你会做什么, 计算机能力 能熟悉使用Office工具以及Photoshop、Flash等软件。 获国家计算机二级等级资格证书。 外语水平 通过英语专业四级考试，能熟练进行听说读写译。 奖励情况 2007-2008 优秀学生会干部 2008,07 师生合唱比赛一等奖 普通话水平测试等级证书 英语专业四级证书 实习经验(或实践经验或兼职经验) 这里写上你的实习经验或实践经验或兼职经验等信息吧，标题自 己起一个贴切的。 自我评价 本人性格开朗、稳重、有活力，待人热情、真诚。工作认真负责， 积极主动，能吃苦耐劳。有较强的组织能力、实际动手能力和团 体协作精神，能迅速的适应各种环境，并融入其中。我不是最优 秀的，但我是最用功的;我不是太显眼，但我很踏实;希望我的 努力可以让您满意。 这里不要照抄哦，不会写自我评价的朋友，你可以访问http 这里有很多 自我评价范文可以参考。(按住键盘的CTRL键，再用鼠标点链接就可以直 接打开网站，不用复制到浏览器的。)本人性格热情开朗、待人真诚， 善于沟通，应变能力较强。懂得珍惜拥有的一切。 B内张型鼓式制动器 C湿式多片制动器 D浮钳盘式制动器 289.零配件市场上的主要价格形式(ABC) A厂家指导价 B市场零售价 C配件厂价格 290.油漆出险桔皮皱，即表面不光滑，可能的原因( D ) A涂装间通风国强 B稀释剂干燥速度过快 C稀释剂干燥速度过快慢 D一次喷涂过厚 291.汽车的动力性能包括(ACD) A最高车速 B平均车速 C加速时间 D能爬上的最大坡度 292.《车险定损核价运作》规定事故车辆修复费用包括(ABCD) A事故损失部分维修工时 B事故损失部分需更换的配件费 C残值 D税费 293.车辆全损或推定全损案件， 在确定损失前，应该了解(ABD)汽车信息 A了解车辆购置时间、价格 B取得车辆的购置发票或其他证明 C了解车辆的购置渠道 D了解车辆的所有人 294.机动车电器故障引起火灾的主要原因有(BC) A电瓶故障 B线路故障 C电器元件故障 D日光聚集 295. 《车险定损核价运作规范》规定对残值处理的原则(AB)B A所有残值归被保险人所有，保险人在维修费中扣除 B事故车辆更换的配件由保险人收回后不计入残值之内 C所有配件必须折旧卖给被保险人 D所有配件必须折旧卖给维修厂或废品收购站 296.从火灾原因调查的角度，汽车火灾的原因分(ABCD) A机械故障类(如发动机过热) B电器类(线路老化短路) C人为类(纵火) D交通事故类(碰撞、倾覆、货物引起) 297.对汽车整车进行测量非常重要的平面(D)? A基本面 B中心面 C零平面 D下平面 298.机械配件的基本维修原则(ABCD) A超过配合尺寸，通过加工也无法得到装配技术要求 B变形通过矫正无法保证使用性能和安全技术要求 C断裂无法焊接或焊接后无法保证使用性能和安全技术要求 D转向等涉及到安全的所有发生变形的配件 299.被保险人可依据哪些有效证明作为领取赔款的凭证(A)AC A居民身份证 B有效驾驶本 C户口薄 300..驾驶员未取得驾驶资格包括哪些情况(ABCD)ABC A无驾驶证 B驾驶车辆与准驾车型不符 C公安交关部门规定的其他属于非有效驾驶的情况 D驾驶证丢失 301.车险网上理赔系统录入的要求有哪些(ABCDE) A查勘时间照片最佳大小为60-80k B扫描仪设置方档最佳大小100-150k C索赔申请书应当由当事驾驶员在第一时间亲笔填写 D车损照片的拍摄必须符合《车险定损核价运作规范》的相关规定 E驾驶证，行驶证应尽量在查勘环节第一时间采取原件拍摄 判断题 1. 185/65R14，其中R代表Radial:表达轮胎纹络为放射状的又称“子午线”(?) 2. 检查安全气囊系统故障时，必须先拆下蓄电池负极，再使用仪器读出故障代码。(×) 3. 路面附着性能越好，汽车抗热衰退性能越好。() 4. 废气再循环的作用是减少HC、CO和NOX的排放量(×) 5. 机动车辆保险条款(2005版)中,保险车辆发生事故,应当由第三者负责赔偿但确实无法找到第三者的,赔偿处理时实行30%绝对免赔率(×) 6. 受害人无固定收入的，按照其最近二年的平均收入计算;(×) 7. 营运机动车在规定检验期限内经安全技术检验合格的，不再重复进行安全技术检验(?) 8. 本公司与被保险人就赔款金额协商确定并赔偿结案后，受害人又就同一事故向被保险人提出赔偿请求的，本公司可二次追加赔付(×) 9. 维修车辆竣工结帐后,驾驶员驾驶车辆从修理厂开出时与一辆车辆相撞,因碰撞地点还在修理厂内,我司不负赔偿责任.(×) 10. 机动车辆保险条款(2005版)基本险有四个独立险种(×) 11(用于支付公安交管部门逃逸案件处理费用的特殊案件可视金额参照本机构核赔权限进行审核() 12.四冲程发动机的做工冲程中，曲轴带动活塞从上支点向下至点运动，此时进气门关闭(?) 13.当汽车在一般条件下行使时，应选用双速主减速器中的高速档，而在行使条件较差时，则采用低速档(?) 14.评价汽车制动性的指标制动效能、制动效能的恒定值、制动时的方向稳定性(×) 15.热塑性材料件损伤以修复为主，热固性塑性件损伤需更换(?) 16.投保人对投保标的具有保险利益，不具有保险利益的，保险无效(?) 17. 《道路交通安全法实施条例》有关高速公路应当标明车道行使速度，最高120公里\小时，最低70公里\小时(×) 18.暴风指风速28.5米/以上的大风(?) 19.刚性万向节是靠零件的铰链式联结来传递动力的，而挠性万向节则是靠弹性零件来传递动力的(?) 20.查勘案件查勘完毕后，只能点击发送按钮发送案件，不能通过 点击申请核价或申请核损按钮直接到达目的平台(×) 21.双片离合器中间压盘的前后，都需设有限位装置(?) 22.各种车身的修复，都不要使用测量工具测量车身尺度(×) 23附加险条款与基本险条款相抵触之处，以附加险为准，未尽之处，以基本险为准(?) 24.保险车辆因路面不平导致两个以上车辆轮胎磨损严重后破裂，轮胎的损失我司不负责赔偿(?) 25.李某于2006年4月1日向我司投保一辆奥迪A6汽车，于同年10月30日于一摩托车发生双方事故，经交警裁定李某为主要责任，对于该事故作为核赔人在审核时首先核对三者方的承保情况。(?) 26.汽车转弯时，转弯半径越大车速越小，附着系数越小，中心位置越高，其操作稳定性越好。(×) 27.应当有交强险赔偿的损失和费用，如交强险未赔付，商业三者险也可赔付(×) 28. 一张照片已能反映出多个部件、部位受损真实情况的不需要单个或重复拍摄，重大配件或价格较贵的配件同样如此，不必单独牌照(×) 29.书面委托代理的授权应当载明代理人的姓名或者名称、代理事项、权限和期间，并由委托人签字或盖章。(?) 30.气缸盖衬垫俗称汽缸床(?) 31.轿车一般采用边梁式车架(×) 32.汽车实际价指投保车辆在保险合同签订地的市场价格(×) 33.四冲程发动机的作功冲程中曲轴带动活塞从上止点向下止点运动，此时，进排气门关闭(?) 34. 公民下落不明满三年的，利害关系人可以向人民法院申请宣告他为失踪(×) 35.在道路上发生交通事故，车辆驾驶人应立即停车，保户现场，因抢救应标明位置(?) 36.保险车辆发生多次事故，累计赔付金额时，保单合同自动终止(×) 37.本公司与被保险人就赔偿金额协商确定并赔偿结案后，受害人又就同一事故向被保险人提出赔偿请求，本公司可以追加赔付(×) 38.车辆停放过程中突然遭受洪水侵袭，紧会造成电器部分及线路损坏，可给予一定的清洁费用(×) 39.本车上的财产损失属于标的商业三者险的理赔范围(×) 40.承保年度单均赔款,(统计期间该承保年度所有保单项下已决赔款，未决赔款)/统计期间该承保年度承保数量