补牙的材料及护理（Materials and dental care）

补牙的材料及护理（Materials and dental care） 补牙的材料及护理(Materials and dental care) Method for repairing tooth defect by artificial substance. The material used to repair is called filling material. From dental caries, wedge shaped defect, trauma caused by tooth tissue defect are in need of repair, in order to restore the shape and function. When the disease has spread to the pulp, and even cause periapical disease, should be the first treatment of dental pulp, and fillings. There are two main steps to dental cavity preparation and filling. Cavity preparation is composed of cavity wall, hole edge, hole angle. Preparation of cavity principle is: the net addition to the lesion, otherwise it will cause secondary caries; the protection of dental pulp and healthy teeth; establish good retention form (that can maintain the filling body can not fall off and loose in the cavity shape) and resistance form (i.e. can bear masticatory force not to make the filling body or broken tooth shape), so as to avoid filling broken off and not closed due to secondary caries. Fill in the isolated saliva, disinfect the cavity, mix the filling material into the cavity, and engrave the shape immediately. We should pay attention to removing the part beyond the bite surface so as to avoid the iatrogenic occlusal trauma. The adjacent side can not leave the filling of the suspension process, in order to stimulate the gums, causing inflammation. The filling material should be non-toxic, wear-resisting, compressive strength, filling volume, change, and pit cavity close, not corrosion or dissolution of saliva, easy to operate and beautiful color and other properties. However, there are no materials that fully meet the above requirements. Only appropriate filling materials can be selected according to the location of the defect, the size of the force and the aesthetic requirements. More commonly used in the posterior teeth of silver amalgam, in the front teeth, especially affecting the beauty of the site, more choice of resin. Silver amalgam. Alloy powder consisting of silver (65%), tin (25%), copper (6%) and zinc (2%) is blended with mercury at a weight ratio of 5 to 8. A plastic paste that begins hard in 15 minutes and completely rigid after 24 hours. Therefore, filling should be completed within 15 minutes, filling 24 hours after the exercise of chewing function. Silver amalgam is silver gray, filling the front teeth is not beautiful, and thermal conductivity, so the deep cavity should be glued to the bottom, so as not to conduction temperature stimulation pulp. In recent years, high copper alloy has been developed, that is, increasing the content of copper and reducing the content of silver. It can increase corrosion resistance, increase strength and reduce volume change. Security: Mercury is the most commonly used filling material, because it is firm and durable, has been widely used for more than a century, the results are very satisfactory. According to the 1995 FDI World Dental Association and the WHO issued a statement, the teeth repair material ingredients, including silver, mercury, in very rare cases, will cause side effects of topical or allergic reaction. There is no scientific literature that Mercury is harmful to human body, so don't worry about this kind of material will amalgam fillings will affect our health. The high limit value of mercury gas set by WHO is 300-500ug per day. Found that the mercury gas body average daily inhaled from the silver mercury material only when 1.7ug. is high limit values of the 10% measure research data from a Swedish dentist in. There are many sources of mercury in our bodies. Actually， We have learned from the fish food than mercury absorbed from dental materials more. In comparison, the silver mercury mercury gas material leakage is minimal. It has been used as a dental cavity restoration material for more than 150 years. Nevertheless, because Mercury is found in amalgam, nearly a century has been concerned about the potential health risks of mercury vapor inhalation and absorption of amalgam in humans. Many governments and institutions have also tested the safety of amalgam, and the scientific evidence is consistent with the fact that mercury vapor released by the body can be absorbed by amalgam. Although, by the Ministry of health of the United States, the European Commission, WHO (WHO) expert group composed of recognition: in addition to rare can cause allergic reaction, and there is no reliable evidence of a causal relationship between amalgam, and adverse health effects. However, some government is still not recommended for some patients with amalgam. Based on the industry debate, the LSRO panel analyzed the original medical and scientific literature published in the 31 day of December 2003 and all peer reviewed by experts from January 1, 1996 to december. In order to ensure the fairness of the research methods, the experts selected by LSRO are not engaged in dental research. LSRO from all over the world recognized experts in toxicology, immunology and immune selection of allergy, neurobehavioral toxicology, neural development, pediatrics, developmental and reproductive toxicology and toxicokinetics and model establishment, epidemiology, pathology and toxicology field experts group. Results a total of about 950 scientific and medical studies were found, and about 300 scientific values and research designs met the inclusion criteria. The purpose of the study was to analyze mercury in urine as an indicator of mercury exposure, incorporating a large population based study, animal toxicity study, and various levels of mercury exposure studies. The research results show that there is no sufficient evidence to support amalgam and renal dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease exposure (especially Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) or autoimmune diseases (including multiple sclerosis) there is a causal relationship between the incidence of; non specific complaints, cannot be attributed due to the mercury released from amalgam and the absorption of mercury increased. Although methylmercury found in fish is harmful to the brain, amalgam is a different type of compound. University of Texas prosthetic dentistry professor Trajtenberg says the medical profession has many misunderstandings of amalgam. She encountered a lot of patients asking for the material to be taken out because their doctor said the material was harmful. This has led many patients to worry about it, which is a lack of evidence-based evidence. Composite resin. The color of the resin is close to the primary color of the tooth. The effect is very beautiful, so most of it is used in the front teeth. Strong adhesion to enamel. In appropriate circumstances, the resin material is more useful for improving the color, shape and size of the teeth and beautifying the smile. Because of poor abrasion resistance, many are used only in front teeth. Existing problems: A resin material for complicated procedures. Resin material is less durable than silver amalgam, because it is easier to wear. The main reason is that when the resin material is solidified, it may shrink, A small gap between the resin composites may make the teeth sensitive and prone to decay. The resin composite may also absorb pigment from food and drink and turn yellow as time goes on. Glass ionomer resin Glass ionomer resin is another kind of tooth filling material. It is usually used in the teeth of the baby, near the gums and at the neck of the tooth. It can cling to the teeth and provides help to consolidate the teeth and is known as the fluorine mothproof effect. After a sensitive situation also happen less. Existing problems: Its texture is weaker and easier to wear than composites and silver amalgam. The color is less than the resin material, beautiful. Nano diamond resin The nano diamond and resin materials, is currently the most advanced high-tech materials filling filling, they have a higher intensity, more realistic color and other advantages. Cement (Shui Menting). Zinc phosphate cement powder and phosphoric acid with Zinc Oxide based liquid agent is blended, adhesion, but lack of strength, and can dissolve in saliva, so it is not suitable to be used as permanent filling agent, used for filling silver amalgam at the bottom, or for filling teeth. Compared with the zinc phosphate cement, the polycarboxylate cement has higher strength, stronger adhesive force, less solubility and no stimulation to the pulp, and is non-toxic and uses the same as the zinc phosphate cement. Zinc Oxide clove oil cement: also called temporary cement paste, 2-butoxyethyl. The bottom for deep hole double bottom not bearing material, single bottom material or not bearing force, for 1 to 2 weeks of the temporary cavity sealing material, also used as root canal filling material, adding excipients as periodontal treatment agent. Calcium hydroxide cement is a new kind of material for protecting pith. A base material for class III and class V cavities, used as a composite resin to block pulp substrate material for pulpal stimulation and as a direct and indirect capping agent. Gutta percha: heating 40 degrees C soft, plastic, hardened after cooling. Used for root canal filling auxiliary materials, can temporarily seal cavity, temperature or heating of the teeth after the test The filling of the problems: the relationship between the teeth, must be familiar with the anatomy of tooth and dental pulp cavity shape and the two, in order to avoid the cavities were prepared to make pulp exposure. For deep lesions close to the pulp, it is necessary to determine whether or not the pulp lesions have been caused. The diagnosis is not clear or fillings, often caused by postoperative pain. Do not involve the pathological change of pulp, also do not undertake the dental pulp treatment at will, lest cause the harm of tooth overmuch. A note after Light cured composite resin: 1, within a week of hard tooth brush with prosthesis surface, because only 50% of the light cured resin curing degree, 24 hours up to 90%, 7 days is 100%. 2, no restoration bite hard objects, drink less tea, smoke less, avoid using metal friction surface to stimulate repair, exempt from complex coloring. 3. If you feel unwell, please call at any time. Two, silver tribute filling: 24 hours after filling, the volume change can be stabilized, so the fixed teeth can not be chewed more hard food for 24 hours, so as to prevent the filling body from breaking and falling off. Three glass ionomer filling: Glass ions can be completely solidified after 24 hours, so 24 hours after the treatment can be measured chewing, chewing should eat some soft food, gradually adapt. Four. Pit and fissure sealant: Because of the deep pit and fissure sealant usually within 7 hours completely cured, so 2 hours a day of fasting disabled closed teeth and avoid biting too hard to chew food coarse food. Five, to appease the eugenol cement: Eugenol cement has analgesic effect on pulp, comfort, such as comfort discomfort after consultation please feel free to call or visit.