介词在英语用词里也属于难缠的一个项目

介词在英语用词里也属于难缠的一个项目 介词在英语用词里也属于难缠的一个项目。因为它涉及方面很广，而且变化多端，往,往令人捉摸不定，记起来很麻烦。因此就有有心人弄了一个《介词口诀》来帮助学习者,;也有人写了《Preposition,Song》令学习者一面唱歌一面轻松地记忆介词的用法。,介词英文叫作Preposition,(简称prep)，它由pre和position组成，pre是前面的意,思，而position是位置的意思。因此以前中文译作“前置词”，就是一种放在名词(或,相当于名词的词语)前面的虚词。, 一、常用的介词, about,,above,,across,,after,,against,,around,,at,, before,,behind,,below,,beneath,,beside,,besides,,between,,beyond,,by,, down,,during,,except,,for,,from,,in,inside,into,, like,, near,, of,off,on,out,outside,over,, since,, through,,throughout,,till,,to,,toward,,under,until,up,upon,, with,without,, according,to,, because,of,, by,way,of,, in,addition,to,, in,front,of,, in,place,of,, in,regard,to,, in,spite,of,, instead,of,, on,account,of,, out,of., 哇，这么一大堆～别怕别怕，大部份的介词都不难理解，比较令人头痛的只是下列几个,at,,by,,to, in, for, of, on, from, with, 其中又以,at,,by,,in,,on,为四大“要犯"～学习介词就是要抓住这几"要犯"，看招,吧，嘿嘿!!, 这回就谈到这里吧，噢，对了，下回就让我们先来一道《Preposition,Song》洋餐吧。,谈谈介词(Preposition)(二), 二、Preposition,Song,(括号内是一部份介词用法提示，是我加的),(本曲找不到原谱，但你可以自己配上适当的。如下面简单曲子就是例子:,3212/333-/222-/333-/3212/333-/2232/111-//),1.,In,the,summer,at,the,seaside,(季节用in,,在海边用at), On,the,coast,we,like,it,fine (在海岸用on), but,in,winter,,yes,,at,Christmas (在圣诞用at), By,the,fireside,we,recline,(放置) (在炉边用by), 2.,In,July,we,went,to,Kenya (月份用in), Stayed,in,Lamu,by,the,sea, (住在Lamu用in), We,came,back,to,Tanzania, Then,across,Victoria,sea, 3.,Did,you,come,here,in,a,taxi? (乘出租汽车用in), Or,by,bus,,or,on,the,train? (乘公共汽车用by,,乘火车用on), Did,you,come,on,foot,this,evening (步行用on), Or,perhaps,by,aeroplane? (乘飞机用by), 4.,Will,you,come,to,tea,on,Monday? (在星期一用on), I′ll,be,home,at,half,past,three (时间三点半用at), Yes,,I′ll,stay,for,half,an,hour (长达半小时用for), if,you,buy,some,beer,for,me (给我for,me), 5.,In,the,morning,I,drink,coffee (早晨用in,the,morning),In,the,afternoon,there′s,tea (下午用in,the,afternoon),In,the,evening,I,have,cocoa (傍晚用in,the,evening),Yes,,at,night,,it′s,good,for,me. (晚上用at,night), 6.,Where′s,my,pencil?In,the,kitchen (厨房里in,the,kitchen),On,the,table,near,the,chair (在桌上on,the,table,,在椅边near,the,chair),Underneath,the,cup,and,saucer (在杯和碟的下面,underneath...),Just,behind,the,teapot,there (在茶壶后边behind...),7.,Can,you,tell,me,how,to,get,to,Mr.,Johnson′s,coffee-bar?, Down,the,street,and,round,the,corner,(down,the,street,沿着街道,round...绕过),Past,the,church,and,there,you,are,8.,Where′s,the,bookshop?,Over,there,dear,(over,there,那里), First,turn,left,then,go,straight,on,,Along,the,road,across,the,market (沿着路along,the,road,,穿过市场,across...),It′s,in,front,of,you,,dear,John (在你前面,in,front,of,you),9.,There,is,nothing,on,the,radio (广播on,the,radio),"Songs,with,orchestra",they,said. (with后orchestra为有形物,无形物则用by),I′m,not,interested,in,music (interested,in,兴趣于), so,I,think,I′ll,go,to,bed, 10.,In,a,moment,I′ll,be,finished (in,a,moment,片刻里), With,these,prepositions-so, I,will,say,to,you,in,English,till,the,next,time,,cheerio,(加油呀),(till...,直到), 怎样,唱完十段歌词，你就学到许多介词用法喽。其中包括四大“要犯”at,,by,,in,,on。另外再加上许多虫虫蚁蚁，有的还得劳驾找一找喔，呵呵。, 大家多唱几遍，下回我们再见时，你就更加胸有成“介”了，哈哈。,谈谈介词(Preposition)(三), 这里提供一个学习介词at,,in,,on,的幻灯片文件(PowerPoint)，可供初学者使用。其,内容包括有关介词用法课文、通过歌曲学介词、通过一个请柬学习介词、测验题。其中,所有中文都是我附上的。, 为了配合这个幻灯片所介绍的三个介词:at,,in,,on，下面我们较深入地介绍它们(附,带谈by),的用法。, 二、介词at,,in,,on,,by,表示地方、地点、位置:, 2.1 at,把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”:, 1. ,The,begger,is,sitting,at,the,corner. ,那乞丐坐在角落里,, 2. ,Jane,is,waiting,for,you,at,the,bus,stop. ,Jane在巴士站等你。,3. ,at,home,在家, 4. ,Who's,standing,there,at,the,door? ,谁站在门口,, 5. ,at,the,top,of,the,page,在一页的上面, 6. ,The,shop,is,at,the,end,of,the,road.,那商店就在路的尾端。, 7. ,at,the,entrance,在进口处, 8. ,at,the,crossroads,在十字路口, 9. ,When,will,you,arrive,at,the,office? 你什么时候会到公司呢,,10. ,I'm,in,France,,at,Paris.,我住在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲，巴黎只是一个,“点”), 11. ,There,is,a,small,hut,at,the,foot,of,the,hill. 山脚下有一座小屋子。,12. ,My,aunt,lives,at,55,Boretz,Road,in,Durham., ,我的姑妈住在Durham,Boretz,路门牌55号。(地址要用at，不能用in),13. ,at,the,side,在一边, 14. ,at,reception,在招待会上, 15. ,I'm,at,work. 我在工作。, 16. ,at,class/,home/,the,library/,the,office/,school,在班上/家里/图书馆/公,司/学校, 2.2 in,把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间:,1.,I,live,in,London.,我住在伦敦。(大城市用in), 2.,I,live,in,England,,at,London. 我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London喔),3.,I,live,in,a,big,city,,my,sister,lives,at,a,small,town.,我住在大城市，我,姐姐住在一个小市镇。(如果把city看做一个圆圈，small,town就成一个点。因此就in, a,city,,at,a,small,town.,呵呵), 4.,We,have,a,meeting,in,Beijing. 我们有北京有一个会议。,5.,Mars,is,in,the,Solar,System.,火星在太阳系里。, 6.,in,a,car 乘汽车,(不是,on,a,car,也不是,by,a,car 喔),7.,in,a,taxi,乘的士,(不是,on,a,taxi,或,by,a,taxi,),8.,in,a helicopter 乘直升机, 9.,in,a,boat 乘小船, 10.,in,a,lift,(elevator) 乘电梯,(电梯像个笼子，当然要用,in,啦),11.,in,the,newspaper,在报上, 12.,in,the,sky 在空中, 13.,in,the,bed,在床上,(也可用,on,the,bed),14.,in,the,bedroom/,class/,library/,school 在寝室/课室/图书馆/学校,2.3 ,on,把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面:, 1.,The,author's,name,is,on,the,cover,of,the,book.,在书的封面上有作者的名,字。, 2.,There,are,no,prices,on,this,menu.,在这菜单上没有价钱。,3.,You,are,standing,on,my,foot.,你踏到我的脚了。, 4.,There,was,a,"no,smoking",sign,on,the,wall. 在那墙上有个“不准吸烟”的牌,子。, 5.,I,live,on,the,7th,floor,at,21,Oxford,Street,in,London.,我住在伦敦牛津街,21号八楼。(7th,floor,就是八楼;注意句中的,on,,at,,in,的用法),6.,on,a,bus,乘巴士,(不是,in,a,bus,喔), 7.,on,a,train,乘火车,(可想像“骑”在火车上，哈哈), 8.,on,a,plane,乘飞机,(可想像“骑”在飞机上), 9.,on,a,ship ,乘轮船, 10.,on,a,bicycle,,on,a,motorbike,骑自行车/摩托车, 11.,on,a,horse,,on,an,elephant,骑马/象, 12.,on,the,radio,,on,television,听广播、看电视, 13.,on,the,left,,on,the,right 在左边、在右边, 14.,on,the,way 在路上, 15.,on,the,bed 在床上,(也可用,in,the,bed),16.,on,the,ceiling,在天花板上, 17.,on,the,floor,在地板上, 2.4 by,用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意):, 1. by,the,fire 在炉边, 2. by,the,seaside 在海边, 3. a,path,by,the,river 沿河道路, 4. by,the,nearest,road ,走近路, 我想要记忆介词的用法，就得用一点想象力加以联想。如:at,home,,at,the,door,,at, the,corner等等，可想象“at家门口的角落里”。再比如:,in,Beijing,,in,a,car,,in, a,taxi,,in,a,boat,,in,a helicopter,,in,the,sky,...,可想象为“In,北京，乘汽,车，乘的士，再乘小船，乘上直升机在空中飞”。, 下回我们将要谈的是,at,,in,,on,用来表示时间的方面。再会～, 谈谈介词(Preposition)(四), 三、at,,in,,on,,by,用来表示时间, 3.1 ,at,(在、于)用指明一特定的时间、节日、年龄:, 1.,at,dawn/,at,night/ at,noon/ at,midnight /at,daybreak, 在黎明/在夜里/在中午/在午夜/在日出时, 2.,I,go,to,school,at,seven,in,the,morning. (at,seven),我早上七点钟去上学。,3.,at,half,past,five,(五点过半小时),在五点半, 4.,at,a,quarter,to,seven,(过四分之一小时就到七点),六点四十五分,5.,The,train,is,due,at,12.15,p.m. (at,12.15p.m.), 那班火车的到站时间是12点15分。, 6.,at mid-autumn,festival/ at,Christmas /,at,Spring,Festival, 在中秋节/,在圣诞节,/在春节, 7.,at,forty,在四十岁时, 3.2 ,in,(在、在…之内、在…期间、在…后、过…后), 指明:天、年、月、季节、周次:, 1. in,the,morning,在早上,(不可说at,the,morning。鬼才知道为什么不可用at，,大约因为at,没有“在…期间”的意思吧,), 2.,in,the,afternoon,在下午,(在下午这段期间，呵呵,举一反三喔),3.,She,likes,to,work,in,the,evening.,(或in,the,night),她喜欢在晚上工作,4.,in,the,day,time,在白天, 5.,in,2002 ,(2002可读作two,thousand,two),在2002年, 6.,He's,to,quit,in,May.,(in,May)他在五月就辞职了。, 7.,He,went,to,Tokyo,in,June,2002. (in,June,2002)他于2002年六月去东京。,8.,in,the,second,week,of,July 在七月份的第二周, 9.,It's,too,cold,in,winter,to,run,outside. (in,winter),冬天里出外跑步是太,冷了。, 10.,in,two,months 在两个月内, 11.,in,those,days 在当时, 3.3 on,(在…时、在(某日)、在某日早/午/晚、当…时候、和…同时、刚一…)指明:,日子、日期、星期加上早午晚, 1.,on,the,first 在一号(指某月一号,如二号要说second等。其实意思是指某月的第,几天), 2.,We're,having,a,party,on,the,fifth,of,June.,(或,on,June,the,fifth), 我们会在六月五日举行一个晚会。, 3.,on,July,the,third,1990 在1990年7月3日, 4.,My,brother,is,coming,on,Sunday.,(on,Sunday),我的哥哥会在星期天来。,5.,on,Sunday,morning,/afternoon,在星期天早上/下午, 6.,on,Friday,evening,在星期五晚上, 7.,on,the,next,morning 隔天早上, 8.,on,the,following,afternoon 在下一个傍晚, 9.,on,the,night,before 在前一个晚上, 10.on,the,morning,of,5th 在五号的早上, (你可能会说为什么不是in,the,morning?,如果你把morning,of,抽掉,就可看出原来是,on,the,5th喽。morning,也可换成evening,,afternoon), 11.,on,the,afternoon,of,his,birthday,在他生日那天下午,(on,the,afternoon,不可用,in...，同上), 3.4 by,(的时候、到、等到…已经),用在天、时间:, 1.,by,day,白天(的时候), 2.,by,2,o'clock 到两点钟, 3.,by,this,time 等到现在(已经)…, 4.,miss,by,a,minute 迟一分钟, 要记住这些规则，可以用上回我们提到的“联想法”。加油喔～再会。,谈谈介词(Preposition)(五), 四、for,,since,用于表示时间:, 4.1,我们用,for,用计量时间(年、月、日、时、分、秒等), 1.,He,held,his,breath,for,five,minutes. 他闭息达五分钟。, 2.,She's,lived,there,for,ten,years. 她住在那里已有十年。, 3.,The,British,and,Irish,have,been,quarreling,for,seven,centuries., 英国人和爱尔兰人之间的争吵已有七个世纪了。, 4.2 我们用,since,表示明确的日期或时间:, 1.,He's,worked,here,since,1980. 自从1980年他就在此工作。, 2.,She's,been,sitting,in,the,waiting,room,since,two-thirty., 自两点半她就坐在等候室了。, 五、表示动作的介词:to,,toward或不用介词:, 5.1,我们用,to,表示向某处移动:, 1.,They,were,driving,to,work,together. 他们一同开车去工作。, 2.,She's,going,to,the,destist's,office,this,morning.,今早她去看牙医。,5.2 toward,表示移向某处:, 1.,We're,moving,toward,the,light. 我们向灯光处移动。, 2.,This,is,a,big,step,towards,the,project's,completion.这是对于工程的完成前进了一大步。,5.3,不需要介词的词:home,,downtown,,uptown,,inside,,outside,,downstairs,, upstairs,..., 1. Grandma,went,upstairs., 2. Rama,went,home., 3. She,came,inside., 六、介词与名词、形容词、动词的组合:, 在英语里介词有时和其他的字紧密地组合在一起，可以当作一个词来看待。这种组,合很多，需要平时多加注意。, 6.1,名词+介词:, 1. approval,of,批准, 2. awareness,of,意识到, 3. grasp,of 把握住, 4. hatred,of,憎恶, 5. desire,for,要求、愿望, 6. fondness,for,爱好,(I've,a,fondness,for,collecting,stamps.), 7. hope,for,希望、期待,(hope,for,the,best,乐观), 8. need,for,必要,(There,is,no,need,for,hurrying.),9. reason,for,有必须……的理由,(have,reason,for...),10.,respect,for,尊敬,(have,respect,for...),11.,belief,in 信任于, 12.,interest,in,对……有兴趣, 13.,success,in,成功、成就, 6.2 形容词,+,介词:, 1. afraid,of,(He,is,not,afraid,of,anything.), 2. aware,of 觉得, 3. capable,of,能,(The,tank,is,capable,of,holding,8,kg.,of,water.),4. fond,of 喜爱,(He's,fond,of,fishing.), 5. jealous,of 嫉妒于, 6. made,of,用……制成的, 7. proud,of,对……感觉光荣,(I'm,proud,of,his,acquaintance.,认识他是我的光, 荣。), 8. sure,of,确信,(You,may,be,sure,of,his,honesty.), 9. tired,of 厌倦的, 10.,careless,about,不关心、不重视, 11.,worried,about,自找烦恼, 12.,familiar,with 熟悉于、精通于, 13.,interested,in,兴趣于, 14.,sorry,for 懊悔、觉得过意不去,(You,will,be,sorry,for,this,some,day.),6.3 动词,+,介词:(这类组合特别多。要特别注意同一个动词配上不同的介词，意就不同了), 1. care,about,关心,(He,doesn't,care,about,other,people.,他不关心别人。), 2. care,for,喜欢,(Would,you,care,for,a,cup,of,coffee?,你喜欢来杯咖啡吗,), 3.,take,care,of 照顾,(Take,care,of,yourseft.,照顾自己喔。), 4.,dream,about,梦到,(I,dreamt,about,you,last,night.,昨晚我梦到你。), 5.,dream,of,梦想,(I,often,dream,of,being,rich.,我时常梦想发达了。), 6.,hear,about,听到关于……的详情,(Have,you,hear,about,Jane?,),7.,hear,of 听到……的事/话,(Have,you,heard,of,a,place,called,'Mulu'?),8.,hear,from,得到……的消息,(Have,you,heard,from,Ann,recently?),9.,look,at,注视、考察(Why,you,look,at,me,like,that?), 10.,look,for,找、指望,(Can,you,help,me,look,for,my,keys?),11.,look,after 照应、看守,(She,is,ill,,she,needs,someone,to,look,after,her.), 12.,think,about 思索、考虑,(What,are,you,thinking,about?),13.,think,of,想起、企图,(He,told,me,his,name,but,I,can't,think,of,it,now.),七、多余的介词:(不必加上介词的地方就不要随意加上,括号内的介词须去掉), 1.,She,met,(up,with),the,new,coach,in,the,hallway.,2.,The,book,fell,off,(of),the,desk., 3.,He,threw,the,book,out,(of),the,window., 4.,She,wouldn't,let,the,cat,inside,(of),the,house.,5.,Where,did,they,go,(to)?, 6.,Where,is,your,college,(at)?, 八、句子里并列的介词:, 8.1 如并列的介词相同，可去其一:(括号里的介词删去), 1. You,can,wear,that,outfit,in,summer,and,(in),winter.,2. The,female,was,both,attracted,(by)(被吸引),and,distracted,by(使分心), the,male's,dance., 8.2 如并列的介词不相同，相关的介词必需列出:, 1.,The,children,were,interested,in,and,disgusted,by,the,movie.,(interested, in感兴趣,/,disgusted,by讨厌), 2.,It,was,clear,that,this,player,could,both,contribute,to,and,learn,from, every,game,he,played.,(contribute,to付出,/ learn,from,从…学习), 3.,He,was,fascinated,by,and,enamored,of,this,beguiling,woman.,(fascinated, by被迷住,/,enamored,of,倾心的,