英语语法：宾语从句

null专题：宾语从句专题：宾语从句1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导宾语从句的关联词有： 从属连词 ：that 从属连词：if/whether 连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which 连接副词：why,when,why,how由that引导的宾语从句有以下几个要点由that引导的宾语从句有以下几个要点1.that引导的宾语从句主要用来说一种事实，从句本身是一个陈述句。 He said he was doing his homework. 他说他在做回家作业。 He told me that he would not come. 他告诉我他不会来。 null2.引导词that在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 3.主句是一般现在时、现在完成时或将来时，宾语从句可以根据实际需要使用各种时态。 says is He has said that English has been will say was will be useful to his work. null4 .主句若是过去时，从句视具体情况用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时） John said that he was very happy. They said that they were playing games then. He said that he had seen the film. Mother told me that she would buy a bike for me. null5.从句如说明的是客观真理和科学事实，不管主句是何种时态，都用一般现在时。 The teacher told us (that) the moon is much smaller than the sun. My sister said (that ) the earth goes round the sun.null6.从句中有具体的过去时间状语，一般不用过去完成时，而是用一般过去时。 He said (that) he bought the house in 1998.由whether,if引导的宾语从句（whether,if表示“是否”“会不会”） 由whether,if引导的宾语从句（whether,if表示“是否”“会不会”） 由whether,if引导的宾语从句有以下几个问题值得注意： 1. whether,if引导的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。 2.如果主句谓语动词是过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态。 3. If多用于口语中，一般不与or not连用。 4.宾语从句是否定句时，一般用if引导，不用whether引导e.g.e.g.I don’t know whether/if he speaks English. He asked whether/if I was going to take a bus. Ask him whether/if he can come. I don’t know whether it is raining or not . I don’t care if she doesn’t come.由疑问词引导的宾语从句由疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问词具有词义，并在从句中充当一定的语法成分（作主语、宾语、定语、状语等）。由疑问词引导的宾语从句必须注意以下两点： Do you know what time it is?你知道现在几点吗？ 主 谓 I don’t know when he will come.我不知道他什么时候来。 主 谓 He asked whose bike this was.他问这是谁的自行车？ 主 谓 如果引导宾语从句的疑问词在从句中充当主语或主语的定语，从句的其余部分仍然保持主谓结构。如果引导宾语从句的疑问词在从句中充当主语或主语的定语，从句的其余部分仍然保持主谓结构。The teacher asked who could answer the questions. 主 谓 Do you know whose English is the best in the class? 主 谓 I don’t know what is wrong with the T.V. set. 主 谓 注意：注意：有时宾语从句后，还有宾语补足语，则可用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句移到后面。 e.g. We all thought it a pity that Tom was not able to join us.be+形容词+that引导的从句be+形容词+that引导的从句be+形容词+that引导的从句在概念上也可视作宾语从句，常用形容词有sure, afraid, happy, surprised, glad, sorry等。 I’m sure that he will come. I’m afraid that I have made a mistake. I’m sorry that you can’t come to the party. I’m glad that you can also come.反意疑问句：反意疑问句：陈述部分是一个主从复合句，疑问部分主谓语应和主句的主谓语保持一致。 He never said he would take you to the museum, did he? I told them Xiao Wang would go to Beijing, didn’t I? 但主句如果是I don’t think (believe) 疑问部分的主谓语应和从句的主谓语保持一致，并要用肯定形式。 I don’t think he is right, is he?