如何写好英语作文

写作专一：如何写好简单句 一、英语5种基本句型 1.S(主） + Vi.（不及物动词）（谓） 常见的不及物动词有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise, laugh, smile, live, study, arrive, cry, 1isten, walk. S(主语) Vi.（不及物动词） 其它 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Time She He We I flies. sings went stopped will go beautifully. Adverbial(副词) on holiday. Prep Phrase（介词短语） to have a rest. Infinitive (不定式） swimming. Participle (分词） 注: “There + be(Vi.) + S …” 也是属于第一种基本句型。 2. S (主）+ V.（谓）（lv.)( 系动词）+ P（） S (主） lv.( 系动词） P（表） 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． We This The flowers Class Kid My friend are is smell is looks becomes Chinese. N.(名词） mine. Pron. (代词) sweet. Adj.（形容词） over. Adv. (副词） like his father. Prep. Phrase excited. Participle(分词） 除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2)表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。 4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 注：下列常见“It…”句式也是属于第二句型。 1）It + be +adj./n. + to do…(不定式) It is your duty to take care of your mother. 2）It + be +adj. + for/of +sb. + to do… It is easy for us to finish the project in two days. 3. S (主）+ Vt.（及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾） S (主） Vt.（及物动词）（谓） O（宾） 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． I She Helen The kid The thief I am studying loves wants doesn’t know admitted believe English. N.(名词) him. Pron.(代词) to go there. Infinitive（不定式） where to go. Wh-Word + Infinitive stealing the money. Gerund（动名词） that there is nothing wrong.. That-clause（that从句） 注：1) S + Vt. + infinitive(不定式） I want to help him. 常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。 2) S + Vt. + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know what to do. 常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。 3) S + Vt. + Gerund I enjoy living here. 常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help，look forward to, stick to等。 4) S + Vt. + That-clause I don't think (that) he is right. 常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。 4. S (主）+ Vt.（谓）+ I.O.（间接宾语） + D.O.（直接宾语） S (主） Vt.（谓） I.O.（间接 宾） D.O.（直接 宾） 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I Mother My father My uncle He sent gave bought brought can inform him (N.名词) Mary (Pron.代词) me (Pron.代词) my brother (N.名词) you (Pron.代词) a book. a nice gift yesterday. a story book. a new watch. where the teacher lives. (从句) 本句型的谓语动词所发出的动作有两个对象，一为“人或动物等”，称为间接宾语；另一为“物或事”，称为直接宾语。本句型也可以把“D.O.”置于 “I.O.”之前，应注意用介词to或for，句型为： S + Vt. + N./Pron. + To/for-phrase. 如：1）He sent me a book.→He sent a book to me. 2）He bought me a coat.→He bought a coat for me. 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有： bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。 5. S (主）+ Vt.（谓）+ O.（宾）+ O.C.（宾补） S (主） Vt.（谓） O.（宾） O.C.（宾补） 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. We He She I I He He He named made keeps ask caught taught told advised our daughter (N./Pron). our garden (N./Pron.) everything (N./Pron.) him (N./Pron). him (N./Pron.) me (N./Pron.) me (N./Pron.) me (N./Pron.) Mary. (N.) very beautiful. (Adj.) in good order. (Pren. Phrase) to help me. (Infinitive) cheating in exam. (Participle) how to learn English. (Wh-word + Infinitive) that he passed the exam. (That clause) when we should start. (Wh-clause) 此句型中的动词叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。 6. There be 句型 此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。如， 现在有   there is / are … 过去有   there was / were… 将来有  there will be…/ there is / are going to be... 现在已经有   there has / have been…  可能有  there might be...  肯定有  there must be …/ there must have been... 过去一直有  there used to be …  似乎有  there seems / seem / seemed to be … 碰巧有  there happen / happens / happened to be.. 注：我们受汉语的干扰，会运用一些汉式表达。请观察下列句子： 1）There are two boys are waiting for you. (去掉第二个are或boys后加who) 2）There are many people do exercises in the park every morning.(去掉There are) 此句型有时可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等词代替be动词。 Eg: There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There lies a book on the desk. 2、 写作的基本原则 ⒈ 长短句原则 　　⒉ 主题句原则 　　一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然。 　　To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly eXPect to answer all the questions correctly. 　 ⒊ 一二三原则 　　考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 　　1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗) 　　2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗) 　　3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗) 　　4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗) 　　5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) 　　6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 　　7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 　　8)most important of all, moreover, finally 　　9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) 　　10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) 　　⒋ 短语优先原则 　　写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如： 　　I cannot bear it.　　可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. 　　I want it.　　可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 　　这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。 ⒌ 多变句式原则 　　1)加法(串联) 　　都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： 　　I enjoy music and he is fond of playing football. 　 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： 　　Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 　　其它的短语可以用： 　　besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 　　2)转折(拐弯抹角) 　　批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 　　The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 　　The coat was thin, but it was warm. 　　更多的短语： 　　despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 　　3)因果(so, so, so) 　　昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! 　　The snow began to fall, so we went home. 　　更多短语： 　　then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 　　4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重) 　　有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。 　　举例：This is what I can do. 　　Whether he can go with us or not is not certain. 　　同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： 　　When to go, Why he goes away… 　　5)附加(多此一举) 　　如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 　　The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 　　I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. 　　Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 　　其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 　　6)排比(排山倒海句) 　　文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! 　　Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. 　　Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. 　　We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 　　⒍ 挑战极限原则 　　既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀! 　　原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： 　　The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. 　　Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 　　如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪! 三、英语写作中的各种常用句型 表示原因的常用句型 1 There are three reasons for this. 2 The reasons for this are as follows. 3 The reason for this is obvious. 4 The reason for this is not far to seek. 5 The reason for this is that... 6 We have good reason to believe that... 表示好处的常用句型 1 It has the following advantages. 2 It does us a lot of good. 3 It benefits us quite a lot. 4 It is beneficial to us. 5 It is of great benefit to us 表示坏处的常用句型  1 It has more disadvantages than advantages.  2 It does us much harm.  3 It is harmful to us. 表示措施的常用句型  1  We should take some effective measures.  2  We should try our best to overcome （conquer ）the difficulties.  3  We should do our utmost in doing sth.  4  We should solve the problems that we are confronted （faced） with. 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能  1）It is important（necessary，difficult， convenient）possible for sb. to do sth.  2 We think it necessary to do sth.  3 It plays an important role in our life. 表示变化的常用句型  1 Some changes have taken place in the past five years.  2 A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.  3 The computer has brought about many changes in education. 表示比较的常用句型  1）Compared with A，B...   2) A and B has several points in common.  3)  It is true that A ... , but the chief fault  B (obvious defects )are ...   4) A and B differ in several ways.   5)  The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.  6） I prefer to read rather than watch TV.  7） There is a striking contrast between them 表示事实、现状的常用句型  1 We cannot ignore the fact that...   2 No one can deny the fact that...  3 There is no denying the fact that...  4 This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.  5  However，that’s not the case. 表示例举的常用句型  1) A good case in point is ...  2) As an illustration, we may take ...  3) Such examples might be given easily.  4) ...is often cited as an example. 表示数量的常用句型  1  It has increased（decreased）from...to...  2  The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000. 3  The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January. 表示看法的常用句型  1  People have(take, adopt, assume, )different attitudes towards sth.  2  People have different opinions on this problem.  3  People take different views of(on)the question. 4 Some people believe that...Others argue that... 表示结论的常用句型  1  In short, it can be said that ...  2  It may be briefly summed up as follows.  3  From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that ... 部分常用套语  1  It’s well known to us that ...  2  As is known to us...  3  This is a topic that is being widely talked about.  4  From the graph(table, chart)listed above, it can be seen that ...  5  As a proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way. 表观点的句型 1.In my opinion, we should believe him this time.     依我看，这次我们应该相信他。 2. In my view, he will surely forgive you if you apologize.   我觉得,如果你道歉的话，他肯定会原谅你的。 3. I suppose (that) the book will be helpful to you.    我觉得这本对你会有帮助。 4. As far as I'm concerned, everyone should be given an equal opportunity.    在我看来，每个人都应该有公平的机会。 5. As I see it, it is of great importance.    依我看来，这非常重要。 6. From where I stand, what he just said was somewhat reasonable.   从我的立场来看，他刚才说的话有些道理。 7. It seems to me that he doesn't know what he is doing.   我觉得他好象不知道自己在干什么。 8. From my point of view, health is the most valuable wealth.   在我看来，健康是最宝贵的财富。 9.It's my feeling that attitude is more important than ability.   我觉得态度比能力更重要。 四、下面是我们中学阶段已学过的表达不同功能的常见的主要高级句式例举： 1、祈使句 / 名词词组 + and / or +陈述句（祈使句 / 名词词组表示“条件”） Work hard, and you’ll succeed. Hurry up, or you’ll be late. A little more efforts, and you will make it. 2、it作形式主语的句型 It is well-known that China is a developing country It is no use talking to him again. 3、it作形式宾语的句型 We feel it exciting to work with you. I owe it to him that I’ve achieved so much. 4、It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who…表示“强调” It is they that/who have gone to the Great Wall. It was not until he took off his sunglasses that I recognized him. 5、to… / in order to…/ so as to…/ so that…/ in order that…表示“目的” Check your composition to/ so as to/in order to avoid mistakes. He worked hard in order that they can serve his country well. 6、There be 句型及其扩展形式表示“存在” There lived an old man in that village. There stands a tower on the top of the mountain. 7、分词短语作状语 Hearing the news, he burst into tears. When asked where he came from, he didn’t reply. 8、With 结构作状语或定语 He likes to sleep with the door open/closed. She came in, with tears in her eyes/tears in eyes. After a few minutes, a woman with a baby in her arms got on the bus. 9、who / whom / whose / which / that / when / where / why / as引导定语从句 He won the first place in the competition, which made him happy. I, who am your friend, will help you. As is known to us all, he is the best student in his class. 10、what / that / whether / when / where / who / why等引导的名词性从句 What we need is more time. That he couldn’t come made us unhappy. Who will go makes no difference. 五、连接词 1. 表示平行、对等或选择关系 and，both…and, as well as, together with, neither…nor, also, not only…but also, either…or, as well，for one thing …,for another…;（一则/首先……,二则/其次……）; 2. 表示转折关系 but, yet, however, nevertheless (然而), in spite of, although, otherwise, while, after all. 3. 表示对比关系 on the contrary, instead of, on one hand…on the other hand, just like, unlike, in the same way, at the same time 4. 表示因果关系 so, for, therefore, as a result (of), because, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account (理由) of. 5. 表示时间、顺序关系 shortly afterwards, first, second…, then, next, finally, for one thing, for another, in the end, eventually(最后, 终于) 6. 表示递进、强调关系 besides, furthermore (此外), what’s more, in addition, moreover (而且), worse still, to make matters worse, indeed, certainly, surely, above all，what’s more(而且), and, what is/ was worse/ to make things worse(更糟糕的是) 7. 表示解释、说明关系 namely (也就是), actually, such as, for example, for instance, that is to say, in other words, and so on, to tell you the truth, according to this 8. 表示结论 in short, in brief, in a word, in general, as you know, as far as I know, on the whole, in conclusion, at last, finally 9.让步关系 in any case（不管怎样，无论如何）,after all（毕竟）,,anyhow（不管怎样）,in spite of(尽管) 七、结尾万能公式 　　1. 结尾万能公式一：　Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 　　更多过渡短语： 　　to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 　　更多句型： 　　Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 　　2. 结尾万能公式二：Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 　　　　更多句型： 　　Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. 　　Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 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