肺脓肿

环境影响法LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonEvaluationofEnvironmentalEffects(Adoptedatthe30thMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNinthNationalPeople'sCongressonOctober28,2002andpromulgatedbyOrderNo.77ofthePresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober28,2002)ContentsChapterIGeneralProvisionsChapterIIEvaluationofEnvironmentalEffectsofPlansChapterIIIEvaluationofEnvironmentalEffectsofConstructionProjectsChapterIVLegalResponsibilityChapterVSupplementaryProvisionsChapterIGeneralProvisionsArticle1ThisLawisenactedinordertoimplementthesustainabledevelopmentstrategy,totakeprecautionsagainstadverseeffectsontheenvironmentafterimplementationofplansandcompletionofconstructionprojects,andtopromotethecoordinateddevelopmentoftheeconomy,societyandenvironment.Article2EvaluationofenvironmentaleffectsmentionedinthisLawconsistsoftheanalysis,predictionandassessmentmadeofthepossibleenvironmentaleffectsafterimplementationofplansandcompletionofconstructionprojects,waysputforthandmeasuresforpreventingormitigatingtheadverseeffectsontheenvironment,andthemethodsandsystemsappliedforfollow-upmonitoring.Article3WhenplanswithinthescopespecifiedinArticle9ofthisLawareformulated,theenvironmentaleffectsproducedbytheprojectstobeconstructedwithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaorwithintheseaareasunderthejurisdictionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashallbeevaluatedinaccordancewiththisLaw.Article4Theenvironmentaleffectsshallbeevaluatedinanobjective,openandimpartialmanner,withanall-roundconsiderationgiventothepossibleeffectsonthevariousenvironmentalfactorsandontheecologicalsystem,whichiscomposedofthefactors,afteraplanisimplementedoraprojectisconstructed,providingascientificbasisfordecision-making.Article5TheStateencouragesrelevantunits,specialistsandthepublictoparticipateintheevaluationofenvironmentaleffectsinanappropriatemanner.Article6TheStatestrengthenstheestablishmentofabasicdatabaseandevaluationindexsystemforevaluationofenvironmentaleffects,encouragesandsupportsscientificresearchintheapproachesandtechnicalstandardsforevaluationofenvironmentaleffects,establishesthenecessarysystemforjointlysharingofinformationontheevaluationofenvironmentaleffectsandseestoitthatsuchevaluationishighlyscientific.ThecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncilshall,inconjunctionwiththerelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncil,takechargeofestablishingasoundbasicdatabaseandevaluationindexsystemforevaluationofenvironmentaleffects.ChapterIIEvaluationofEnvironmentalEffectsofPlansArticle7Whenmakingarrangementsforformulatingplansfortheutilizationoflandforconstructioninordevelopmentandutilizationofcertainareas,riverbasinsandseaareas,therelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncil,localpeople'sgovernmentsatorabovethelevelofthecitydividedintodistrictsandtherelevantdepartmentsunderthemshallseetoitthatenvironmentaleffectsareevaluatedintheprocessofformulationandthatintheplanisdevotedtosucheffectsachapteroranexplanationontheeffectsisgiven.Thechapterorexplanationonenvironmentaleffectsinaplanshallincludeananalysis,predictionandassessmentofthepossibleenvironmentaleffectsproducedafterimplementationoftheplanandthewaysandmeasuresputforthforpreventingormitigatingtheadverseeffectsontheenvironment,which,asacomponentpartofadraftplan,shallbesubmittedtogetherwiththeplantotheauthorityforexaminationandapprovalofplans.Theexaminationandapprovalauthorityshallexamineandapprovenodraftplanwithoutachapterdevotedtooranexplanationmadeonenvironmentaleffects.Article8Beforesubmittingforexaminationandapprovaltheirspecialdraftplans,whichtherelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncil,localpeople'sgovernmentsatorabovethelevelofthecitydividedintodistrictsandtherelevantdepartmentsunderthemmakearrangementsfordrawingupandwhicharerelatedtothedevelopmentofindustry,agriculture,animalhusbandry,forestry,energy,waterconservancy,transportation,urbanconstruction,tourismandnaturalresources(hereafterreferredtoasspecialplans,inshort),theyshallhavetheenvironmentaleffectsevaluatedandsubmitwrittenreportsonenvironmentaleffectstotheauthoritiesthatexaminesuchspecialplansbeforegivingapproval.Asfortheguidanceplansforthespecialplansmentionedintheprecedingparagraph,environmentaleffectsshallbeevaluatedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsinArticle7ofthisLaw.Article9Thespecificscopeoftheenvironmentaleffectstobeevaluated,asisrequiredfortheplansspecifiedbytheprovisionsofArticles7and8ofthisLawshallbeprescribedbythecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncilinconjunctionwiththerelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncilandbesubmittedtotheStateCouncilforapproval.Article10Thewrittenreportontheenvironmentaleffectsofaspecialplanshallincludethefollowing:(1)ananalysis,predictionandassessmentofthepossibleeffectsontheenvironmentproducedafterimplementationoftheplan;(2)waysandmeasuresforpreventingormitigatingadverseenvironmentaleffects;and(3)conclusionontheevaluationofenvironmentaleffects.Article11Asforaspecialplan,whichmaycauseadverseeffectsontheenvironmentandmayhaveadirectbearingontherightsandinterestsofthepublicinrespectoftheenvironment,theauthoritythatdrawuptheplanshall,beforesubmittingthedraftoftheplanforexaminationandapproval,holddemonstrationmeetingsorhearings,orsolicitinotherformsthecommentsandsuggestionsfromtherelevantunits,specialistsandthepubliconthedraftreportonenvironmentaleffects,exceptwheresecretsneedtobeguardedasrequiredbyStateregulations.Theauthoritythatdrawsuptheplanshallseriouslyconsiderthecommentsandsuggestionsputforwardbytherelevantunits,specialistsandthepubliconthedraftofthewrittenreportonenvironmentaleffectsandattachtothewrittenreportonenvironmentaleffectstobesubmittedforexaminationitsexplanationsonwhyitadoptsorrejectsthosecommentsandsuggestions.Article12Whensubmittingadraftplantotheexaminationandapprovalauthorityforexamination,theauthoritythatdrawsupthespecialplanshallattachtoitthewrittenreportonenvironmentaleffects;andifitfailstodoso,theexaminationandapprovalauthorityshallrefusetoexaminethedraftplan.Article13Beforethepeople'sgovernmentatorabovethelevelofthecitydividedintodistrictsexaminesadraftspecialplanandmakesadecisiononit,thecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionorotherdepartmentsdesignatedbythegovernmentshallcalltogethertherepresentativesandspecialistsofthedepartmentsconcernedforforminganexaminationgrouptoexaminethewrittenreportonenvironmentaleffects.Theexaminationgroupshallputforthitsopinionsinwritingafterexamination.ThespecialistsoftheexaminationgroupspecifiedintheprecedingparagraphshallbedeterminedthroughrandomselectionfromthenamelistoftherelevantprofessionalspecialistsinthespecialistsbaseestablishedinaccordancewiththeregulationsofthecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncil.Measuresforexaminationofthewrittenreportsonenvironmentaleffectsattachedtothespecialplanswhicharesubjecttoexaminationandapprovalbytherelevantdepartmentunderthepeople'sgovernmentsatorabovetheprovinciallevelshallbeformulatedbythecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncilinconjunctionwiththerelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncil.Article14Whenexaminingadraftspecialplan,thepeople'sgovernmentatorabovethelevelofthecitydividedintodistrictsortherelevantdepartmentunderthepeople'sgovernmentatorabovetheprovinciallevelshallmaketheconclusiononthereportonenvironmentaleffectsandtheopinionsafterexaminationtheimportantbasisfordecision-making.Wheretheconclusiononthereportonenvironmentaleffectsandtheopinionsafterexaminationarenotadoptedinthecourseofexamination,anexplanationshallbemadeandfiledfortherecord.Article15Aftertheplanwhichexertsconsiderableeffectsontheenvironmentiscarriedout,theauthoritythatdrawsuptheplanshall,withoutdelay,makearrangementsforfollow-upevaluationoftheeffects,andreporttheresultoftheevaluationtotheexaminationandapprovalauthority;andonceitdiscoversobviousadverseeffectsontheenvironment,itshallputforthmeasuresforimprovement.ChapterIIIEvaluationofEnvironmentalEffectsofConstructionProjectsArticle16Onthebasisoftheextentoftheeffectsexertedontheenvironmentbyconstructionprojects,theStateexercises,inaclassifiedmanner,controlovertheevaluationoftheeffectsofconstructionprojectsontheenvironment.Aconstructionunitshall,inaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions,makearrangementsforpreparingawrittenreportontheenvironmentaleffectsorastatementonsucheffectsorfillingoutaregistrationformofenvironmentaleffects(hereinafterreferredtoasthedocumentforevaluationofenvironmentaleffects,ingeneral):(1)whereconsiderableeffectsmaybeexertedontheenvironment,preparingawrittenreportonenvironmentaleffects,inwhichacomprehensiveevaluationoftheeffectsontheenvironmentshallbemade;(2)wheremildeffectsmaybeexertedontheenvironment,preparingastatementontheeffects,inwhichananalysisorspecialevaluationoftheeffectsshallbemade;or(3)wheretheeffectsontheenvironmentareverylittleandthereforeitisnotnecessarytomakeanevaluationofthem,fillingoutaregistrationformofenvironmentaleffects.AclassifiedcatalogueforcontrolovertheevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofconstructionprojectsshallbeworkedoutandpublishedbythecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncil.Article17Thewrittenreportontheevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofaconstructionprojectshallincludethefollowing:(1)abriefintroductiontotheconstructproject;(2)theexistingenvironmentoftheconstructionproject;(3)ananalysis,predictionandassessmentofeffectsthattheconstructionprojectmayexertontheenvironment;(4)protectivemeasuresfortheenvironmentoftheconstructionprojectandtechnicalandeconomicdemonstrationsofthemeasures;(5)ananalysisoftheeconomiclossesandbenefitsbytheconstructionprojecttotheenvironmentaleffects;(6)aproposalformonitoringtheenvironmentoftheconstructionproject;and(7)aconclusionontheevaluationofenvironmentaleffects.Withrespecttoaconstructionprojectthathasabearingonsoilandwaterconservation,anadditionalplanforsoilandwaterconservationthathasbeenexaminedandapprovedbythecompetentadministrativedepartmentforwaterisessential.ThecontentsandformsofthestatementonandregistrationformofenvironmentaleffectsshallbeworkedoutbythecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncil.Article18Attentionshallbepaidtoavoidingrepetitionoftheevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofaconstructionprojectintheevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofaplan.Withrespecttoaplanwhichispartofanintegratedconstructionproject,forwhichanevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsexertedbytheconstructionprojectshallbemade,noevaluationofsucheffectsoftheplanisrequired.Theconstructionunitmaysimplifytheevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsexertedbythespecificconstructionprojectscontainedintheplan,theenvironmentaleffectsofwhichhavealreadybeenevaluated.Article19TheinstitutionstobeentrustedwiththeprovisionoftechnicalservicesforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofconstructionprojectsshallbetheoneswhichareconsideredqualifiedafterappraisalandexaminationbythecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncil,towhichthesaiddepartmenthasissuedqualificationcertificates,whichprovideservicesforevaluationofenvironmentaleffectsinconformitywiththeirgradeandwithinthescopeofevaluationasspecifiedintheirqualificationcertificates,andwhichareresponsiblefortheconclusiontheymadeontheevaluation.ThequalificationsandadministrationmeasuresregardingtheinstitutionsthatprovidetechnicalservicesforevaluationofenvironmentaleffectsofconstructionprojectsshallbeworkedoutbythecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncil.ThecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncilshallpublishthenamelistoftheinstitutionsprovidingtechnicalservicesforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofconstructionprojectsthathaveobtainedqualificationcertificates.Noinstitutionsprovidingtechnicalservicesforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofconstructionprojectsmayhaveanyrelationsofinterestwiththecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionthatisinchargeofexaminationandapprovalofthedocumentforevaluationofenvironmentaleffectsortherelevantexaminationandapprovaldepartments.Article20Amongthedocumentsforevaluationofenvironmentaleffects,theformsofwrittenreportsorstatementsonenvironmentaleffectsshallbedesignedbytheinstitutionswiththeappropriatequalificationsforevaluationofenvironmentaleffects.Nounitsorindividualsmaydesignateanyinstitutiontoevaluateforaconstructionunittheenvironmentaleffectsofconstructionprojects.Article21Exceptwheresecretsneedtobeguarded,asrequiredbyStateregulations,theunitoftheconstructionprojectwhichmaycauseconsiderableeffectsontheenvironmentandforwhichawrittenreportonenvironmentaleffectsisrequiredtobepreparedshall,beforesubmittingforexaminationandapproval,thereportontheenvironmentaleffectsoftheconstructionproject,holddemonstrationmeetingsorhearings,orsolicitinotherformsthecommentsandsuggestionsfromrelevantunits,specialistsandthepubliconthewrittenreport.Theconstructionunitshallattachitsexplanationsonwhyitadoptsorrejectsthecommentsandsuggestionsputforwardbytherelevantunits,specialistsandthepublictothewrittenreportsubmittedforapproval.Article22Thedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofaconstructionprojectshall,inaccordancewiththeregulationsoftheStateCouncil,besubmittedbytheconstructionunitforexaminationandapprovaltothecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionthathasthepowerofexaminationandapproval;wheretheconstructionprojectissubordinatedtothecompetentdepartmentofitstrade,thewrittenreportorthestatementonitsenvironmentaleffectsshall,afterpreliminaryexaminationbythesaiddepartment,besubmittedforexaminationandapprovaltothecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionthathasthepowerofexaminationandapproval.ThewrittenreportonmarineenvironmentaleffectsofamarineengineeringprojectshallbeexaminedandapprovedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheMarineEnvironmentProtectionLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Theexaminationandapprovaldepartmentshall,within60daysfromthedateitreceivesawrittenreportonenvironmentaleffects,orwithin30daysfromthedateitreceivesastatementonenvironmentaleffects,orwithin15daysfromthedateitreceivesaregistrationformofenvironmentaleffects,respectivelymakeadecisionafterexamination,andinformtheconstructionunitofitsdecisioninwriting.Nofeeswhatevermaybecollectedforpreliminaryexamination,examinationandverification,orexaminationandapprovalofthedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofaconstructionproject.Article23ThecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionundertheStateCouncilshallbeinchargeofexaminationandapprovalofthefollowingdocumentsforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofconstructionprojects:(1)constructionprojectsofaspecialnature,suchasnuclearinstitutionsandmostconfidentialprojects;(2)constructionprojectsspanningadministrativeregionsofprovinces,autonomousregionsormunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment;and(3)constructionprojectssubjecttoexaminationandapprovedbytheStateCouncilorbytherelevantdepartmentauthorizedbytheStateCouncil.Thelimitsofpowerforexaminationandapprovalofthedocumentsforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofconstructionprojects,otherthantheonesspecifiedintheprecedingparagraph,shallbedefinedbythepeople'sgovernmentsofprovinces,autonomousregionsormunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment.Wheretherelevantcompetentadministrativedepartmentsforenvironmentprotectiondisagreewitheachotherovertheconclusiononevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsoftheconstructionprojectthatmaycauseadverseenvironmentaleffectsoveradministrativeregions,thedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsshallbesubmittedforexaminationandapprovaltotheircommoncompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionatthenexthigherlevel.Article24Where,afterthedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofaconstructionprojectisapproved,majorchangesaremadeinthenature,scaleandlocationoftheconstructionproject,intheproductiontechniquesadopted,orinthemeasurestakenforpreventionandcontrolofpollutionandforpreventionofdamageoftheecology,theconstructionunitshallsubmitanewdocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsoftheconstructionprojectforexaminationandapproval.Wheredecisionismadeforstartingconstructionofaprojectmorethanfiveyearsfollowingthedatethedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsisapproved,thesaiddocumentshallbesubmittedtotheoriginalexaminationandapprovaldepartmentforexaminationandverificationanew;thesaiddepartmentshall,within10daysfromthedateitreceivesthedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsoftheconstructionproject,informtheconstructionunitoftheresultoftheexaminationandverificationinwriting.Article25Wherethedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofaconstructionprojectisnotexamined,orisexaminedbutnotapproved,bytheexaminationandapprovaldepartmentspecifiedbylaw,thedepartmentforexaminationandapprovalofthesaidprojectshallnotbeallowedtoapproveconstructionoftheprojectandtheconstructionunitshallnotbeallowedtostartconstruction.Article26Intheprocessofconstructionofaproject,theconstructionunitshallsimultaneouslyimplementthemeasuresforprotectionoftheenvironmentcontainedinthecommentsandsuggestionsputforthbytheexaminationandapprovaldepartmentwhenexaminingandapprovingthewrittenreportorstatementontheenvironmentaleffectsandthedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffects.Article27Where,intheprocessofconstructionandoperationofaproject,thingsinconsistentwithwhatisstatedintheexaminedandapproveddocumentforevaluationofenvironmentaleffectsoccur,theconstructionunitshallmakearrangementsforpost-evaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsandtakemeasuresforimprovements,andsubmitareporttothedepartmentfororiginalexaminationandapprovalofthedocumentforevaluationofenvironmentaleffectsandtotheoriginaldepartmentforexaminationandapprovaloftheconstructionprojectfortherecord;andtheoriginaldepartmentforexaminationandapprovalofthedocumentforevaluationofenvironmentaleffectsmayalsoinstructtheconstructionunittomakepost-evaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsandtotakemeasuresforimprovements.Article28Thecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenvironmentprotectionshallconductfollow-upinspectionoftheenvironmentaleffectscausedafteraconstructionprojectisputintoproductionoruse.Whereseriouspollutioniscausedtotheenvironmentordamageiscausedtotheecology,thecausesshallbeascertainedandtheresponsibilityshallbeinvestigated.Whereitisbecausethedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsdrawnupbytheinstitutionprovidingtechnicalservicesforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofconstructionprojectsisuntrue,itslegalresponsibilityshallbeinvestigatedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle33ofthisLaw;andwhereitisbecausethestaffmemberoftheexaminationandapprovaldepartmentapprovesthesaiddocumentduetohisnegligenceorderelictionofduty,whichaccordingtolawheshouldnothaveapproved,hislegalresponsibilityshallbeinvestigatedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle35ofthisLaw.ChapterIVLegalResponsibilityArticle29Wherethedepartmentinchargeofdrawingupplans,inviolationoftheprovisionsofthisLaw,practicesfraudornegligenceofdutywhenmakingarrangementsforevaluationofenvironmentaleffects,sothattheevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsisseriouslyinconsistentwiththefacts,thepersonsdirectlyinchargeandtheotherpersonsdirectlyresponsibleshall,accordingtolaw,begivenadministrativesanctionsbytheauthorityatahigherlevelorbythesupervisoryauthority.Article30Wheretheauthorityforexaminationandapprovalofplans,inviolationoflaw,approvesadraftplan,inwhichachapteroranexplanationonenvironmentaleffectsrequiredbylawisnotcontained,oraspecialdraftplan,towhichawrittenreportonenvironmentaleffectsshouldbeattached,asrequiredbylaw,butisnotattached,thepersonsdirectlyinchargeandtheotherpersonsdirectlyresponsibleshall,accordingtolaw,begivenadministrativesanctionsbytheauthorityatahigherlevelorthesupervisoryauthority.Article31Whereaconstructionunitstartsconstructionbeforesubmittingthedocumentforevaluationoftheenvironmentaleffectsofaconstructionprojectforapproval,asisrequiredbylaw,orbeforesubmittinganewdocumentforapprovalorsubmittingthedocumentforexaminationandverificationanew,asisrequiredbytheprovisionsofArticle24ofthisLaw,thecompetentadministrativedepartmentforenviro