成人高考(专升本)英语复习资料

专升本复习资料 语音部分的考试要求 1. 要求考生从所给的四个单词的画线部分中选出一个与其他三个读音不同的选项。 2. 语音部分主要考核的是： 元音字母在单词中的读音； 辅音字母在单词中的读音； 常见字母组合的读音； 以及r音节的读音。 复习考试大纲要求 掌握下列语音规则，读音基本正确 1、元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节和r音节中的读音； 2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音； 3、辅音字母在单词中的读音； 4、常见字母组合的读音。 第一节 概 念 一、开音节 以发音的元音字母结尾、以"元音字母+不发音的e"结尾、以"一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e"结尾的音节都叫开音节。如：no, be, note。 ★发音的元音字母：a, e, i, o, u 二、闭音节 以"一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)"结尾的音节叫闭音节。 如：map, plan, west。 三、r音节 以"元音字母+r"构成的音节叫r音节。 如：car, doctor, teacher, dirty, 词汇与语法 40个小题，共40分。 从2002，2003年的考题看，语法占20――25分。 第一节 名 词（noun） 大纲要求掌握： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 二、可数名词的复数形式 三、名词的所有格 四、名词在句子中的作用 一、可数名词与不可数名词 名词分可数与不可数两种。 可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table, country。 或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family, people, committee, police。 不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air, tea, furniture, water。 或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness。 有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。 如room 房间（可数），空间（不可数） time 时间（不可数），次数（可数） fish 鱼（不可数），各种各样的鱼（可数） 比较下列例句: There are nine rooms in the house. （房间，可数名词） There isn't enough room for us three in the car . （空间，不可数名词） 不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。 如： 一块肉 a piece of meat 两条长面包 two loaves of bread 三件家具 three articles of furniture 一大笔钱 a large sum of money 二、可数名词的复数形式 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下： 1．一般情况下在名词后加-s。如：girls, books。★浊辅音、元音结尾，s发[z] 2．以s, x , ch, sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如：glasses, boxes, matches, bushes。 ★以s, x , ch, sh结尾,es发[iz] 3．"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。如：city-cities, country-countries。 4．以o结尾的词多数加-es。如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。 radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。 5．f, fe 结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es。如：thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives。 少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。 ★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。 个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。 三、名词的所有格 名词的所有格表示所属关系， 起形容词的作用。 当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加 's 。 如：Jean's room, my daughter-in-law's friends, children's books。 如果名词已经有了复数词尾s, 则只需加'。如：the teachers' books, my parents' car。 时间名词的所有格在后面加's ，复数加' 。如：today's newspaper, five minutes' walk。 当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由"of"短语构成。如：the top of the world, the cover of the book, 加 's 或 ' 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。 如：the grocer's, the tailor's, the Smith's 。 ★名词所有格考试常见部分是 名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加's。时间名词所有格在其后加's，或复数名词后直接加'。 四、名词在句子中的作用 名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语，有时可以作状语。 名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。 1．主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。All roads lead to Rome.（条条大路通罗马。） The number of the students attending the party is increasing. ★the number of 表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。 Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me. ★two-thirds 三分之二 几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。 belong to 属于某人 Both of us are studying English. ★总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数形式； 几分之几，谓语单数形式； both 谓语使用复数形式。 2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。 All the money he received was given to his mother. Forgetting the past means betrayal. What we are talking now is useless. 3．主语部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。 Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school. （as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词用复数形式） No one except my friends knows anything about it. 4．表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。"…+(×)…=…"算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。 Three times two is six. Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看） 5．Either, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Neither of us has been to Italy. Has either of them been to Shanghai? none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。 None of the students have/has seen the film. None of the money belongs to me. 6．主语由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。 Not only you but also I am wrong. Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon. Either you or she is to do the work. 7．主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。 The bread and butter is nice. 8．主语前有many a, more than one修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a book has been read by the students. ★many a book=many books More than one person has been to the Great Wall. 9．集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。 The committee meets once a year. (作为整体） The committee are having a meeting now. （作为独立个体） People, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police have come to arrest him. 名词部分考试重点 1、可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几个词是不可数名词。2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's,复数加'。 4、名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的9点。 考点测试 1．Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesn't need any more. A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。（注意时态） A 2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of ______ in business letters. A. woman manager B. women manager C. woman managers D. women managers names 是复数形式，其后的名词肯定是复数。 两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。答案 D 3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen. A. have increased B. has increased C. is increased D. are increasing the number of 谓语动词用单数。答案 B 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. A. was B. were C. would be D. have been neither...nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。答案 A 5. The room is eight _______ long. A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺，复数形式 feet答案 C 6. When autumn comes, the ______ of trees begin to fall. A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的复数形式 leaves答案 C 7. The flood has done _____ to this area. A. damages B. many damages C. much damage D. damaging 8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting. A. was present B. were present C. have been presented D. has been presented not only... but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。 present 呈现，介绍 答案 A 9. One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century. A. is B. was C. are D. were one of 谓语用单数。答案 B 10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education. A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have been received one out of 谓语用单数形式。答案 B 11. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man. A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。 主语so many people为复数。engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。答案 B 12. At the bus stop _______ a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina. A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits主语 a soldier and two young people为复数 答案 A 13. There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream. A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone 主语 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream复数 答案 B 14. Mr. Brown, and not I , ________ chosen to be the representative of the class. A. is B. am C. are D. have been主语 Mr.Brown 答案 A 15. The teacher, as well as a number of students, _______ to attend the party. A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked 谓语动词与as well as前面的名词一致。答案 C 16. The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room. A. was seated B. seated C. were seated D. were seating谓语与 together with 前的名词一致 答案 A be seated 就坐 Please be seated ladies and gentlmen. Seat the boy next to his brother. 17. The father, rather than the brothers, _______ responsible for the accident. A. is B. are C. have been D. has 主语 the father ，单数 be responsible for 对……负责 答案 A 18. Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home. A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have come either...or 谓语动词与临近主语一致。答案 A 19. The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars. A. is B. are C. has D. have money 不可数名词，谓语动词单数。答案 A 20. Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas. A. is caught B. are caught C. catch D. is catching quantities 复数形式 答案 B 21. Either of the young ladies _____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin. A. is B. are C. has D. have either打头，谓语动词单数。答案 A 22. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _____ correct. A. are B. is C. had D. will neither 两者都不，谓语动词单数。答案 B 23. In some countries each of the citizens ______ to decide government policies. A. helps B. help C. are helped D. is helpedeach 每一个，谓语动词单数。答案 A 24. The nurse added_____ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take. A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a sugar D. sugars suger 不可数名词答案 A take medcine 吃药 25. "I like your furniture very much." "Thank you. We bought ____ in Beijing." A. the most of them B. the most of it C. most of them D. most of it furniture 不可数名词 答案 D 26. Jim was upset last night because he had to do too______. A. many homework B. a few homeworks C. few homeworks D. much homework homework 不可数名词 答案 D 27. I'm going away for a ______. A. holiday of a week B. week holiday C. holiday week D. week's holiday 表示时间的名词所有格可以在其后加's 。 答案 D 第二节 冠 词（1-4~2-2） 大纲要求： 1、不定冠词的基本用法 2、定冠词的基本用法 3、不加冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法 冠词是一种虚词，只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。 冠词分为定冠词（the）和不冠词（a或an）两类，定冠词表示特指，不定冠词表示泛指。 a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面，an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。 如：a university, a useful book, an umbrella, a horse, an honest man。 一、不定冠词的基本用法 1．表示"一"的含义。 Give me a pen please. We go shopping twice a week. 2．泛指某个人或东西。 Yesterday we visited an English secondary school. She picked up a magazine and began to read. 3．表示一类人或东西。 He works as a language teacher in that university. As a writer, he is successful. Even a child can answer this question. 可数名词单数出现，泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。 二、定冠词的基本用法 1．表示特定的人或东西。 Give me the magazine. Have you decided on the prices yet? The book on the table is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. 2．复述前文提到的人或东西。 Last week, I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people. The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing. 3．用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤的人 the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 the old 老年人 the young 年青人 4．用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。 the moon, the sun, the earth The moon moves aroud the earth. We have friends all over the world. Don't build castles in the air. 5．用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。 January is the first month of the year. The sun rises in the east. Japan lies to the east of China. Beijing lies in the north of China. Ireland lies on the Great Britain. At the Children's Palace, some children learn to play the piano, others learn to play the violin. Last week we went to the theatre. Among the three girls she speaks English the best. "东、南、西、北"作副词时，前面不加冠词。 We are walking south. 形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。 Monday is my busiest day. 6．用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。 The Lius have moved to Guangzhou. The Simths came to China for visit in 1996. 7．不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表示特定部分、特定内容时，前面需加定冠词。 Drink some water. Is the water in the well fit for drink? What do you think of the music? He can't take the advice his mother gives him. 三、不加冠词的基本规则 1．季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。 If winter comes can spring be far behind? We have few classes on Sunday. 10.1 is National Day. 2．表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词，但乐器前需加定冠词。 What did you have for lunch? Dinner is ready. Let's go and watch them play chess. My elder brother likes to play football. The boys are learnig to play the guitar. play the piano play the violin 3．有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。 at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town in front of (at the back of) at distance (in the distance) as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold 冠词考试重点 冠词所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。 1、什么时候加定冠词。 2、可数名词单数出现，必须用a或an或定冠词修饰，不能单独出现。 3、什么情况下，不用加冠词。 冠词易考： 1、冠词修饰名词。 Please go _____ upstairs after you have finished the lunch. upstairs是副词，前面不需要加冠词。 2、可数名词单数泛指，前面加不定冠词。an用于读音以元音开头的单词前。 Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English. I have been waiting for him for half an hour. 3、名词特指时，前面加定冠词。 He is enjoying his stay in Denmark, but has some difficulty with the language. Is the water from the tap fit for drink? 4、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指，前面不加冠词；大部分专有名词前也不加冠词。 As we know, the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends. They left for work after supper. The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II .(the Sencond World War) 5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。 Without any news from Tom for a long time, his father left for Shanghai to see him. They will travel by air. I will help you for the sake of your sister.(for the sake of 因为） I will go to school on foot. My mother is in hospital. He has been in prison for two years. 典型例题 1. ______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II. A. The; the B. A; the C. The; / D. A; / World War II是专有名词 答案：C 2. Can you play _____? A. piano B. pianos C. a piano D. the piano 答案：D 3. "You've been very busy lately." "So busy I haven't had time to clean my house. There is _____ wherever you look." A. dust B. a dust C. the dust D. dusts dust 是不可数名词 答案：A 4. The station? Take the second turning _______. A. to left then go straight on B. on the left, then go straight on C. to left, then go right forward D. to the left, then go right forward on the left 在左边 答案：B 5. My mother usually has _____ bed. A. the breakfast B. breakfast in C. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in the in bed 躺在床上 答案：B in the bed 在床里面 6. He stole the money and they put him _________. A. at prison B. at the prison C. in prison D. in the prison in prison 进监狱 答案：C 7. Even on Sundays, fewer people go to ______ church than before. A. the B. a C. / D. that go to church 去教堂 go to school 去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to college 去大学 答案：C 8. _________ look much alike. A. Smith's sisters B. Smith sisters C. Two Smith sisters D. The Smith sisters 表示一家人，前面加 the 答案 D 第三节 代 词（2-2~3-3） 包括 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。 一、人称代词 人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分，在句子中可以作主语和宾 语。英语中有下列人称代词： 在并列的主语或宾语中，I或me 通常放在后面。如： Liping and I are in charge of the work. My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow. 二、物主代词 物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语，名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语（接在of 后面）。英语中有下列物主代词： 名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如： My bag is yellow, his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown. 三、反身代词 英语中有下列反身代词： 反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如： Please help yourself to some tea.(宾语) The boy is too young to look after himself.(宾语) I'll be myself again in no time.(表语) The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位语) I fixed the door myself. (同位语) 四、指示代词 指示代词包括this, that, these, those 和such, 在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等（such不作宾语）。 that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one 或that one 来代替。用the one 的时候更多一些。如： These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生产 The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 产量 The best wine is that from France. My room is lighter than the one next door. I'll take the seat next to the one by the window. The film is more funny than that one. that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。如： They have no time to read the books. That's their trouble. She was ill yesterday. That's why she was absent. I want to know this: How much money we have left? What I want to say is this: Pronunciation is very important in learning English. this 和that 有时还可以用来表示程度。如： I don't want that much. He is not that wise. The book is about this thick. 五.疑问代词 疑问代词包括what, which, who, whom, whose, 可以用来构成特殊疑问句，也可以引导名词从句。 What, which, who在句子中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。如： Who is speaking? (主语) Which do you prefer, the yellow one or the white one? (宾语) What's your sister?(表语) The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.(引导定从句) The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引导定从句) This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon. (引导定从句) I don't remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引导宾语从句) 疑问代词what, which, who, whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如： Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?谁这么深更半夜来找人？ I'll say whatever comes into my head. Take whichever book you like. 六.不定代词 不定代词包括both, either, neither, all, none, no, one, each, every, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, some, any, other, another, 以及some, any, no, every构成的合成代词。 （一）both, either, neither both 表示"两者（都）"，either表示"（两者之中）任何一个"，neither表示"（两者之中）没有一个"。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语，both还可以作同位语。 My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.(be good at 擅长做某事) Neither of the answers is right. Either of the books belongs to you. You and I are both to blame. You both agreed to stay. Both 放在实意动词前，系动词be 的后面。 （二）all, none, no, one all和none用于三者以上的场合，分别表示"全部都"和"一个都没有"，none往往与of连用。 All of us are fond of sports.(be fond of 爱好) We are all for him.(be for sb 支持某人) Grasp all, lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。（谚） None of them know how to read and write. A friend to all is a friend to none. 滥交者无友。（谚） None of us are perfect. None of them has had that kind of experience. no表示"没有"，在句子中只能作定语，相当于not a 或not any，not否定动词，no否定名词。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。（谚） No man is born wise. 没有人是生来聪明的。（谚） I'm no dancer. (I'm not a dancer.) one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠词，可以有自己的定语，还可以有复数形式。 Your answer is a good one. I don't like coloured envelopes. I like white ones. I haven't got a raincoat. I'll have to buy one. （三）each, every each 和every表示"每一个"，every 在句子中只能作定语，each 可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。 The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher.(shake hands with 握手) The students try to set aside a little money each month.(set aside 节约) From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs(work).各尽所能，按需分配。 I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well. There is every possibility of our winning the game. every 还常用在every little while (每隔一会)，every other day, every three days（每隔两天），every ten miles(每隔十英里), every now and then (不时)，every four years, every other line, one out of every three students. （四）few, a few, little, a little, many, much few, a few, many 修饰或指代可数名词，little, a little, much修饰或指代不可数名词。few, little表示否定，a few, a little表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。 Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。（谚） Few words are best. 话少最好。（谚） They don’t take much interest in it. I know little about it. There’s a little water left in the jar. Few of them have been to India. I’ve read a few books written by Dickens. （五）other, the other, others, the others, another 泛指 特指 充当名词单数 充当名词复数 充当形容词 other √ √ the other √ √（表示两者当中的另外一个） √ others √ √ the others √ √ another √ √ √ Forty people came to the meeting. Two of them were from Japan, the others from America. Many people came to attend the meeting. Some were from Japan, others were from America. The United States, unlike many other