2s9迫击炮机密资料

Designation: 2S9 Nona-S Manufactured by: Motovilikha Plants Corporation   Type: Armoured Vehicles   Name: Self-propelled mortar       Specialists throughout the world appreciate the need to equip high mobility combat units (paratroops, airmobile and naval infantry) with a powerful artillery system that can correspond to ways of their shipment and mobility in terms of their marching and maneuvering characteristics. Such systems had been developed in some Nona-SVK This artillery system was mounted on the chassis of the BTRD updated airdropped tracked armored personnel carrier. This engineering solution was prompted by the need to drop the artillery system together with the BMD airborne combat vehicles. Primarily, it allowed these artillery systems to be dropped together with BMDs via jet parachute systems, with the crews inside the vehicles. Also, this solution facilitated their joint combat use, owing to the availability of the tracked chassis and armor plating. TsNII TochMash's designers developed a new design-ballistic concept "cannon - round" which stood out owing to the use of ammunition with ready-made grooves on the driving band of the projectile.Constructionally, the round intended for breech-loaded cannons and mortars consists of an explosive charge in the form of a cartridge arranged on the cannon primer, with the diaphragm in its rear part resting on the tapered part of the barrel before firing. On the front part of the cartridge, the primer has elements of the locking device and the projectile with a fuze. Before firing, an explosive charge and projectile are coupled via the locking device to form a fixed round convenient for loading. Nona-S The artillery part of the system incorporates the following new elements required for firing separate loading ammunitions: ​ a breechblock with plastic obturator that rams the round into the cannon barrel, which is locked by the wedge at the firing moment; ​ a special configuration of the breech piece that provides for loading both modern ammunitions and finned shells; ​ the use of compressed air fed from the chassis compressor to ram the round during the loading and scavenging the barrel after each shot. The engineering improvements of the artillery part and ammunitions incorporated in the Nona-S self-propelled cannon were so successful that it was decided to continue projects to create other derivative artillery systems. Today, Russian Armed Forces operate the following artillery systems: ​ Nona-S (2S9) self-propelled tracked armored amphibious airdropped cannon ; ​ Nona-SVK (2S23) self-propelled wheeled armored amphibious cannon; ​ Nona-K (2B16) light towed cannon. Nona-K Apart from the aforementioned cannons the Nona-M semi-automatic breech-loaded mortar was developed (experimental pilot). All these systems are unified: ​ use similar ammunitions; ​ have rifled barrels with a similar rifling configuration; ​ are breech-loaded; ​ fire both specially developed ammunitions with high-explosive fragmentation (HEF) projectile and HEF active-reactive projectile that features ready-made grooves on the driving bands and all ammunitions intended for 120mm mortars. Ammunitions made in Russia, Germany, France, Israel, Spain and China were also tested. The Nona cannon is unrivaled in the world in terms of all factors determining the combat efficiency of an artillery system, including minimum and maximum firing range, stable and high consistency of fire to engage ground and air targets, sighting rate and mode of fire, powerful lethality of fragmentation and high explosive ammunitions and high maneuverability in terms of trajectories. The Kitolov-2 guided projectile with HEF warhead and 9-km firing range is being developed for Nona cannons. The artillery systems are identical in terms of the breech loading and ammunition ramming into the barrel. Self-propelled guns use a pneumatic drive for these purposes. Nona-M The round with highly lethal HEF projectile and propellant charge arranged on the loading device is the main ammunition intended for Nona cannons. Prior to firing a shot, the HEF projectile and propellant charge are coupled to form a fixed round convenient for loading at one cycle. The cannon's rate of fire is 10 rounds per minute and that of the mortar is 8 to 9 rounds per minute. The main round, designated 30F49, features a powerful fragmentation and high explosive effect. During its explosion the round produces over 3,500 fragments weighing from 0.5 to 15 grams that scatter at an average speed of 1,800 m/s. The round fragments can penetrate an 8 mm thick armor plate at 15-20 meters from the explosion point and 12-14 mm thick armor plate at 7-10 meters. For armor plates made from light alloys the thickness penetrated is 2.5-3 times greater. When the round is fitted with an impact fuze, it produces during the explosion a crater 2 meters deep and 5 meters in diameter in soil of average density. The Nona-M mortar is the lightest artillery system from developed cannons that features one more advantage: in 2-3 minutes three skilled crew members can disassemble the mortar into four parts, each weighing no more than 100 kg, making it suitable to be carried by the crew. Reassembly takes the same amount of time. This advantage allows the crew to carry the mortar to places inaccessible to self-propelled wheeled cannons, thereby enhancing its surprise combat use. The Nona-M mortar's improved maneuverability provides for its deployment on firing positions inaccessible to other types of artillery systems. Specifications Property Value Main weapon caliber (mm) 120 Firing range (m) 12800 Rate of fire (rds/min) 10 Elevation (degree) 80 Depression (degree) -4 Ammunition of the main gun 40 Crew 4 Weight (kg) 8500 Has folowing part: Part Amount 2A60 (Mortar) 1 2S9 Nona-S Quantities: Country Quantity UKRAINE 62 Total: 62 2S9 Anona (Anemone)- 120mm SPH/Mortar The most recent change to the Airborne artillery is the introduction of the 2S9, a 120-mm self-propelled howitzer mounted on a BMD chassis and replacing the [hand-loaded, indirect-fire-only] M-1943 120-mm mortar in the Airborne battalions. The 120-mm 2S9 Anona (Anemone) self-propelled howitzer/mortar was first seen in public in May 1985 and was developed to replace existing mortars and howitzers and as a direct fire anti-tank weapon system firing HEAT projectiles. The 2S9 has a crew of four; commander, driver/mechanic, gunner and loader. The 2S9 hull is a stretched version of the BMD Airborne combat vehicle and is divided into three compartments; the command compartment, the fighting compartment and the engine compartment. The two-man turret is located in the middle of the hull and is of welded steel construction with 16-mm thick frontal armor. The turret roof has two hatches, one for the gunner and the other for the loader. The track is the same as that used on the BMD Airborne combat vehicle. Specifications Crew 4 Armamament 1 x 120mm mortar range, conventional (km) 8.8 extended range 12.8 direct fire 0.8 ammunition type HE-Frag HE-Frag HE-Frag-RAP HE-Frag laser guided HEAT-FS Illumination Smoke Incendiary Chemical Flechette elevation (degrees) -4 to 80 traverse (degrees) 70 rate of fire (rpm) maximum 10 sustained 4 basic load 40-60 rounds Length 6.02 m Width 2.63 m Height 2.3 m Weight 8,000 - 8,700 kg emplace/displace time (min) 25895 Engine ? speed, road (kph) 60 off road ? swim (kph) 9 Gradient 60% Side Slope 30% Fuel Capacity 400 lit Max Range 500 km trench crossing (m) 1.8 - 2 vertical step (m) 0.5 - 0.8 grade (degrees) 31 side slope (degrees) 19 ground clearance (mm) 450 Armor 15mm(max) - Aluminum NBC System Yes Night Vision Equipment Yes - infra red for driver Sources and Methods ​ 2S9 120-mm SP Howitzer-Mortar by Marat Kenzhetaev @ MIPT ​ 2S9 120-mm SELF-PROPELLED HOWITZER/MORTAR (SO-120) ​ The 120-mm 2S9 Nona-S (Anemone) self-propelled howitzer/mortar was first seen in public in May 1985 and it is an airborne artillery assault vehicle that has been developed to carry out two tactical functions: conventional artillery equipment to replace existing mortars and howitzers and as a direct fire anti-tank weapon system firing HEAT projectiles. The 2S9 has a crew of four; commander, driver/mechanic, gunner and loader. The 2S9 hull is a stretched version of the BMD airborne combat vehicle and is divided into three compartments; the command compartment, the fighting compartment and the engine compartment. The two-man turret is located in the middle of the hull and is of welded steel construction with 16-mm thick frontal armor. The turret roof has two hatches, one for the gunner and the other for the loader. The track is the same as that used on the BMD airborne combat vehicle and the suspension is hydro-pneumatic with an adjustable ground clearance of between 100 and 450-mm. The ground clearance is adjustable by the driver/mechanic from within the vehicle. There are six road wheels each side and five track-return rollers. The 2S9 is armed with a 120-mm breech-loaded mortar (2A60) with a barrel approximately 1.8-m long. The mortar is probably provided with an interrupted-screw breech mechanism and a chamber detent to retain a round in place when the barrel is elevated. Ammunition is fixed and loading is manual, although ramming is automatic. The 120-mm mortar has a rate of fire of 6 to 8 rds/min. In the indirect fire role the mortar fires high explosive, white phosphorous and smoke rounds. Mounted below the turret rear is an ammunition loading hatch and mounted on top of the hull is a device for loading ammunition from the ground directly into the fighting compartment. This allows sustained fire missions to be carried out whilst still retaining onboard ammunition supply. The 2S9 takes 30 seconds to come into action and a similar time to come out of action. When in the firing position the suspension is raised to provide a more stable firing platform. Standard equipment includes an NBC system, night vision equipment and an electric bilge pump. The 2S9 is amphibious and is powered in the water by two water-jets at the rear. Power can be delivered to the water-jets and the track at the same time. When in the water, splash vanes can be erected in front of the driver's position. For air transport the 2S9 can be carried by any former Soviet Military Air Transport (VTA) medium or heavy cargo aircraft. It can be para-dropped from the An-32 `Cline', Il-76 `Candid' or An-22 `Cock' aircraft using the PRSM-915 heavy drop system, from heights between 300 and 1500 m.