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March-April
Number 1
U.S. 8 Canada, $3.50 - Foreign, $4.50
The Sporting
Firearms Journal
Number 128
March-April 1990 Volume 22, Number 2 ISSN 0162-3583
FEATURES
I
Page 2 5 . . .
Page 28. . .
A Poor Man’s Ballistics Lab
Terminal look at bullet performance.
Arisaka Type 30
A Bolt Like Lightning
Speed and accuracy - British style.
Notes on African Hunting - Conclusion
Mauser Rimfire Training Rifles
Whitworth Rifled Musket
Texas Ranger Winchester
Keeping Shotguns Clean
18
2 2 Japan’s battle rifle.
25
28 Rifles and ammunition.
32 Sought after collectors prize.
34 civil War sniping rifle.
38 The legend begins.
39 Maintenance tips for smoothbores.
DEPARTMENTS
Gus Cotey, Jr.
David Webb
Peter Mackenzie-Philps
Layne Simpson
Lester Womack
Sam Fadala
Ken Kogan
Wallace Labisky
4
6
8
10
12
14
17
49
56
60
62
Spotting Scope AI Miller
Remington for 1990.
Famous Riflemen Sam Fadala
Sam Colt.
Capitol Watch Neal Knox
Interesting Year Coming.
Custom Corner Charles E. Grace
Model 70 .30-06.
The Armsmaker Wayne van Zwoll
Marlin, Lever Guns to Last.
Dear Editor
Hatcher’s Textbook, Ballistic Calculations, More on the Ward-Burton.
Air Rifles Jess Galan
Some Thoughts on Plinking.
Reader Research Jeffrey W. Houck
.30-06 Gallery Loads.
Book/Video Reviews
Dixie Gun Works Black Powder Annual, 1990; The Remington 700; Best Guns.
Product & Service News
Hercules Incorporated, losso Marine Products, Fibercomb, Buckeye Sports Supply.
ProducTests
Bell & Carlson Wood-Grained Synthetic Stock, Pentax 1.5-5x Variable Riflescope.
COPYRIGHT WOLFE PUBLISHING CO. 1990
On the cover . . .The photograph of the apple was one of a series taken in a darkroom with the
bullet’s shock wave serving as the synch;onizing signal which was detected by a microphone and trans-
mitted to an electronic synchronizing interface which triggered three short-duration flashes. The camera
was a Canon A-1 equipped with a 135mm lens set at f5.6. Ektachrome 100-plus film was employed. Photo
by Andrew Davidhazy.
March-April 1990 3
PUBLISHING STAFF
President
Dave Wolfe
Publisher
Mark Harris
Editor
Dave Scovill
Copy Editor
Holly McLean-Aldis
Advertising Manager
Jana Kosco
Art Director
Gerald Hudson
Production Supervisor
Becky Pinkley
Circulation Manager
Tammy Rossi
Circulation
Mardell Harms
Carol Miller
Ruth Robinson
Angie Wilde
Book Sales Manager
Sharon Zalitis
Publication Assistunt
Caralee Beattie
Executive Secretary
Roberta Montgomery
TECHNICAL STAFF
AI Miller
Associate Editor
Sam Fadala Ludwig Olson
Jess Galan Gil Sengel
Layne Simpson Bob Hagel
Charles R. Suydam Neal Knox
Wayne van Zwoll Ken Waters
Advertising Information
Jana Kosco
Wolfe Publishing Company
6471 Airpark Dr., Prescott. Arizona 86301
(602) 445-7810
- or -
Bernard & Associates
3965 Gibralter Dr., Reno, Nevada 89509
(702) 825-8407
The Rifle is published bi-monthly by the Wolfe Publishing
Company (Dave Wolfe, President), 6471 Airpark Dr.
Prescott, Arizona 86301. (Also publisher of Handloader
magazine.! Telephone (602) 445 7810. Second Class Postagt
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Subscription prices: U S possessions and Canada - single
issue, $3.50. 6 issues, $19 12 issues, $35, 18 issues, $50
Foreign single issue, $4.50; 6 issues, $25; 12 issues, $47
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rights reserved.
Change of address: Please give six weeks’ notice. Sen<
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to Circulation Dept., Rifle Magazine, 6471 Airpark Dr.
Prescott, Arizona 86301. POSTMASTER Send address
changes to Wolfe Publishing Co., 6471 Airpark DI.. Prescott
Arizona 86301
Publisher of R~fle is not responsible for mishaps of an j
nature which might occur from use of published loading
data, or from recommendations by any member of The Staff
No part of this publication may he reproduced without
written permission from the editor. Manuscripts from free
lance writers must be accompanied by a stamped, self
addressed envelope. Publisher assumes all North America
Rights upon acceptance and payment for all manuscripts
Although all possible care is exercised, the publisher cannol
accept responsibility for lost or mutilated manuscripts
Writers send for free editorial guidelines.
SPOTTING SCOPE AI Miller
Remington for 1990
HE biggest news in Remington’s T 1990 catalog - and the most ex-
pensive - centers around a new, single-
barreled trap gun dubbed the Model
90-T Super Single. Built around a
break-action monobloc system, the 90-T
features functional sideplates, a top-
lever release and internal, full-width,
horizontal bolt lockup. Barrels are over-
bored, with elongated forcing cones and
can be ordered in 30, 32 or 34-inch
lengths. There is also an optional,
heavier 34-inch barrel. Factory porting
is available. Barrels may have fixed
chokes or be equipped with the new in-
terchangeable Trap Choke system. A
medium-high, tapered, ventilated rib
includes a white, Bradley-style front
bead and a stainless steel center bead.
The firing pin and retract spring can
be cleaned and serviced easily by
removing the sideplates and modular
trigger assembly.
Options are almost endless: straight
comb, Monte Carlo, different lengths of
pull, matte finish, high-lustre blue, ad-
justable stocks, extra-fancy walnut, ex-
tra barrels with fixed chokes or the in-
terchangeable Trap Choke system, ex-
tra trigger assemblies, extra stocks -
the line-up is almost as long as a five-
year old’s Christmas list. The standard
model retails for $2,595.
Over on the centerfire side of the
aisle, another caliber, 7x57mm, has
been added to the Model 700 Mountain
Rifle’s chamberings. That brings the
total to seven, including 2 4 3 Win-
chester, .270 Winchester, 7mm-08 Rem-
ington, ,280 Remington, .308 Win-
chester and .30-06 Springfield.
Left-handed Model 700 BDLs will
feature two additional calibers for
1990: 22-250 Remington and .338 Win-
chester Magnum.
Model 700 AS caliber options will in-
clude the ,300 Weatherby Magnum this
year. Its stock is made of Arylon, a
fiberglass-reinforced thermoplastic
resin, strong, light and weather
resistant.
The limited-edition Classic for 1990
will be chambered in .25-06Remington.
A companion-gun to the XP-100 will
be available this ye&-. Based on the
Model Seven action, it is called the
XP-100R - with the R standing for
“repeater.” It will be produced in Rem-
ington’s Custom Shop with a 14%-inch
barrel. An adjustable rear leaf sight
and front bead are standard. It will be
mated to a rear-handled Kevlar stock.
The receiver is drilled and tapped for
scope mounts while the stock is equip-
ped with front and rear sling swivel
studs. XP-100Rs will be chambered for
the 2 2 3 Remington, 7mm-08 Rem-
ington and .35 Remington. Magazine
capacities will be four rounds for the
.35 Remington and 7mm-08, and five
for the 223.
Only one new centerfire round has
been added this year: a 147-grain
jacketed hollowpoint with a muzzle
velocity of 990 fps for the 9mm Luger.
Cantilever Scope Mount barrels with
23h-inch chambers will be available as
optional extras for all standard
12-gauge Model 1100 autoloaders.
Purchasers of Model 11-87 and 870
Special Purpose Magnum shotguns
will enjoy a choice of 26 or 28-inch bar-
rels in 1990. The 30-inch barrels have
been discontinued.
New shotshell loads include
2%-ounce charges of Nos. 2, 4 and 6s
in 10 gauge; a 3-inch, 12-gauge,
1%-ounce Nitro Mag load of 6s; and five
more 12-gauge steelshot loads: two
3-inch Magnum recipes with 1%-ounce
charges of BBB and T-pellets plus three
2%-inch short magnum shells carrying
l%-ounce charges of BB, BBB and
T-pellets.
Another choke has been added to the
Rem Choke system: a full choke made
of specially-hardened, maraging
stainless steel capable of accom-
modating the largest steel pellets cur-
rently available.
For those addicted to cutlery, there
will be three new knives carrying Rem-
ington’s logo this year: the Out-
doorsman has a single four-inch lock-
ing clip blade; the Stockman is
serpentine-shaped with a 3’/,-inch clip
blade, a 2’/,-inch spey and 2%,-inch
scalloped sheepfoot blades. This year’s
replica Bullet Knife is R-1306, the
Tracker, a single-bladed lockback.
Blade and backspring are of 440
stainless, handles are made of Delrin
acetal resin, bolsters are nickel silver
and liners are rustproof brass. The clip
Rif le 128 4
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Model 90-T Super Single
blade is 3% inches long with the
original Remington logo on one side.
The traditional bullet shield is
mounted on the right handle.
Two six-inch sharpening stones -
one hard and one soft - are offered as
accessories, as is-a separate 5%-inch
leather belt sheath with a button flap.
The accessory portion of the catalog
has been expanded to include Rem
Clean, a non-chemical bore cleaner;
Rem Action Scrubber, an evaporating
spray designed to remove dirt and
powder residue from actions and hard-
to-reach corners and Rem Drilube, an
aerosol spray containing Teflon.
One final note: Don't bother rushing
down to your favorite gun dealer's yet
- most of the new items won't be on
his shelves until sometime next June
or July.
Remington Model 700
.17 Remingtons Recalled
The Remington Arms Company is
recalling all .17 Remington Model 700
bolt-action rifles sold since January 1,
1981. The action has been taken
because some barrels could develop a
crack and eventually split when fired
due to a combination of characteristics
common to the .17 Remington car-
tridge. No other Remington rifles or
shotguns are affected. Remington is at-
tempting to identify and recover all .17
caliber rifles sold during this period.
Call 1-800-634-2459 (United States) or
1-800,634-5401 (Canada) with the
model and serial number of your rifle
and Remington will be able to tell you
if your rifle is affected by the recall.
Rifles returned to Remington will have
the barrels replaced a t no charge. 0
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March-April 1990 5
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Retail price: $29.50
rre-pubiication price: $26.00
11: 1949 practically everything going on in the decision
malting offices of American gunmakers was to usher in
changes that would create a totally new shotgunner.
Thib UUUK updates American shotgunning Irom thuse POW
World War I1 transitional years to the high-tech present. Guns,
loads, concepts, techniques, engineering, games and both per
Please add $2 for shippins. per book: $4 foreiw
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16 Rifle 128
Arisaka
Type
David Webb
OST HISTORIANS generally M agree that the first firearms
were introduced into Japan by the
Dutch and Portuguese during the mid-
dle of the 16th century. The Japanese
considered the use of firearms in war-
fare cowardly because the doctrine of
Bushido stated that one’s enemy
should be met face to face with cold
steel - the blade of a sword - conse-
quently, nearly 300 years passed with
no real development of Japanese
firearms.
History books also relate the fact
that Japan had long practiced the doc-
trine of isolationism. During the first
part of the 19th century foreign vessels
began to dock at Japanese ports and
the wall of isolation began to fall. Trade
with other countries soon brought
firearms and new weapons.
The shoulder arms supplied to the
Japanese soldier during the middle of
the 19th century were smoothbore
muskets imported from Holland. In
1865 a rifled percussion musket was
adopted that was based on a French
army design. Five years later the
Japanese government, through a series
of changes in the military organiza-
tional structure, established the
Koishikawa Tokyo Arsenal for the
manufacture and repair of all military
arms.
By 1876 the arsenal, with assistance
of technical engineers from several
European countries, had progressed to
the point of being able to manufacture
complete rifles based on the Snider
breechloading action. In 1880 Japan
adopted a single-shot bolt-action rifle
chambered for an l l m m cartridge, the
1lx60R Murata. The rifle and car-
tridge were named for their designer,
Major Murata Tsuneyoshi.
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It was claimed that the single-shot
Murata was of purely Japanese design.
In reality it was similar to the Dutch
Beaumont and French Gras rifles. In
1887 Japan adopted an improved ver-
sion of the Murata designated the Type
22 and chambered for a new 8mm car-
tridge. A short cavalry carbine was also
adopted in 1894. The new repeating
bolt-action rifle incorporated the
Kropatschek eight-round tubular
magazine system and remained the
standard Japanese infantry rifle dur-
ing the 1900 Boxer Rebellion. It also
saw use by rear guard troops during
the 1904-05 war with Russia.
The various models of Japanese
military firearms have been identified
on the basis of three different time
periods since 1868. They refer to the
reigns of individual Japanese em-
perors: Meiji (1868-19121, Taisho
(1912-1926) and Showa (1926 to
present).
Until the conclusion of World War 11,
the Japanese used dates or numbers,
as well as a character, to identify the
different types. The character used to
indicate type classification was known
as Kanji or Shiki. Before the develop-
ment of the phonetic alphabet between
774 and 835 A.D., Japanese writing
consisted of ideographs (picture-
characters). The Kanji characters were
used to designate the year of an
emperor’s reign. For example, the Type
30 rifle was developed during the 30th
year of the reign of the emperor Meiji
in 1897. Thus the Japanese Kanji
ideographs for year and type, along
with the abbreviated date of the
emperor’s reign, 30, ean be found on
the receiver of a Type 30 rifle.
In December 1895, the development
The Arisaka Type 30 rifle was adopted in 1897
and was chambered for the new 6.5x50mm
cartridge.
of a new military arm to replace the
8mm Model 22 rifle was initiated
under direction of Colonel Arisaka,
then Chief Superintendent of the
Koishikawa Arsenal. The new proto-
type had the Mauser-style magazine
and was chambered for a recently
developed 6.5mm semi-rimless car-
tridge. Some characteristics of the
newly designed small arm included a
hook-type safety and two-piece beech
buttstock. The non-rotating bolt head
was characteristic of the German
Model 1888 rifle.
This rifle was first put into produc-
tion in July 1896. The manufacturing
run was completed in April 1897. The
designation was the Type 29 infantry
rifle (29th year of Meiji). It was similar
to later Type 30 rifles except that it
lacked upper and lower wrist tangs.
Rifle 128 22
Following an exhaustive test evalua-
tion of the Type 29 rifle, some minor
changes were made and the arm was
re-designated the Type 30 infantry rifle
(30th year of Meiji). After tooling
changes were made at the Koishikawa
Arsenal, a trial run of Type 30 carbines
and rifles was manufactured without
serial numbers. These early specimens
were marked with the letter “M”
stamped on the receiver bridge.
Subsequent field experience with
this initial run of Type 30 rifles and
carbines showed a weakness in the
stock design caused them to be suscep-
tible to breakage at the wrist. Metal
tang extensions were added at the ends
of the receiver and trigger guard. The
use of tang extensions was incor-
porated in subsequent Japanese rifles
and can be found on all designs
through the end of World War 11.
Although adopted in March 1897, the
first rifles and carbines were not
manufactured until 1899 and were
chambered for the new smokeless
powder 6.5x50mm cartridge. This semi-
rimless round served as the Japanese
military standard until 1932 when the
7.7x58mm semi-rimless cartridge was
adopted. (In field tests the 7.7mm
round proved to be more suitable for
combat aircraft.) Even after the 7.7mm
cartridge replaced the 6.5mm, the lat-
ter found considerable service during
World War 11.
Even though the Arisaka 6.5mm
Type 30 was similar to the Mauser, it
has features that are all its own. The
most notable was a hook-type safety
lever. The bolt has a non-rotating
detachable head and a button bolt stop
similar to the Mauser Model 88’s. The
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The front of the rear receiver ring i s slotted to accommodate a five-round stripper clip.
rifle cocks on the closing stroke of the
bolt and the magazine has a five-round
capacity in a staggered column. Both
features are similar to those found on
the Mauser Models 93 and 95. The
zigzag magazine spring, however, is of
a round wire construction.
The trigger mechanism is similar to
the Model 93 Mauser’s, which prevents
firing before the bolt is completely
locked. It features the usual two-stage
pull.
The unique design of the Type 30
safety allows it to be activated whether
the bolt is cocked or uncocked by pull-
ing back and turning the hook to the
straight-up, safe, position. The hook
safety can also be used as a cocking
piece by pulling the hook straight back
in the “off’ position until the bolt
recocks and the trigger can be pulled
again.
Another unusual feature of the Type
]apane\e ideographs on
emperor’\ reign.
March-April 1990
the front receiver ring i dent I ty the abbreviated date. vear and of th
30 Arisaka was the wood stock that
was used on the carbine and rifle. The
fore stock was the conventional single
piece of wood that extended forward of
the receiver ring. The buttstock,
however, was made of two pieces,
dovetailed and glued together. The use
of smaller pieces of wood for the stock
was initiated with the Type 30 and was
subsequently used on all remaining
models of Japanese bolt-action small
arms service rifles.
The stock wood used on the Type 30
appears to offer further evidence of
European influence. The Type 30 rifle
that is in my collection, as well as five
other carbines and rifles that I have
had the opportunity to examine, have
all been stocked with wood that is not
native to Japan, or even Southeast
Asia. It is European beech (Fagus
sylvatica). The choice of beech probably
depended on availability and cost.
In 1899, the Type 30 design was
finalized and full-scale production
began. When the projectile in the 6.5
ball ammunition was changed from the
161-grain roundnosed cupro-nickel
jacketed (FMJ) bullet to the 139-grain
FMJ spitzer in 1905, it was necessary
to change the rear sight calibration.
The original Type 30 ball ammuni-
tion with the 161-grain bullet was
charged with approximately 32 grains
of a square