生物多样性减少

ReductionofBiodiversity————OneoftheEightEnvironmentalProblems制作者：黄娟、张叶、陈周、黄国威、龚雨龙ReasonsforreductionWhatisBiodiversity？giveanexampleimportancehowtodo？WhatisBiodiversity？Biodiversityreferstoallcreaturesinacertaintimeandacertainarea(animal,plant,microorganism)speciesandtheirgeneticvariabilityandcomplexityofgeneralecologicalsystem.Itmainlyincludesgenetic(geneticdiversity),speciesdiversity,ecosystemdiversityinthreelevels.AghastlysightOnearthsince3billion500millionyearsago,life,theexisting500millionspecies,mostspecieshavegone.Asakindofnaturalphenomenonoftheevolutionaryhistoryoflifeonearth,thisisnormalevents,suchas250millionyearsago,trilobites,thedinosaurs65millionyearsagohavebeencigaretteash.Butsincemankindenteredtheindustrialsociety,cavalierlyparticipationnaturethingsaftertheextinctionofschedulemuchearlier.Thegeologicalageoftheextinctionrateisextremelyslow,withanaverageof300yearsofextinctionof1kindsofbirds,mammalsextinction1.Anaverageof8000yearsfrom1600to1700,every10yearstheextinctionof1speciesofanimal;from1850to1950theaverageextinctionrate,andforayear,whichhasmorethan100kindsofanimalextinction,andthisisalsothetrendofextinctionacceleration.Since1600,recordingdataonanimalextinctionisstriking:120speciesofmammalsand250speciesofbirdshasceasedtoexist.AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme,theworldeveryminute1speciesextinction,thereare1kindsofanimalextinctionsituationeveryday,decreasingthisbiodiversityis.Isaseriouswarningaboutthesurvivalstatusandqualityoflifeonearth!TheReasonforthedecreaseofbiodiversityExcessivedestructionofecologicalenvironmenthuman deforestation Human pollution environment human killing animals ExcessiveexploitationandutilizationHuman consumption of energy too much InvasivealienspeciesatmosphericpollutionHeavilypollutedriverwaterTransitiongrazingcausedsoildesertificationoverfishingguess？Cases——AlienspeciesinvasionAsourfoodinpotato,tomato,sesame,pumpkin,sweetpotato,celeryandothertreesinBritain;Acacia,Indus,torchtree;animalfeedinalfalfa;animalintrout,bayScallopinShell,thesespeciesintoexoticbenefitsisgreaterthantheharm.However,fortheecologicalbalanceandbiodiversityintermsofbiologicalinvasionisadisruptionofecologicalbalance,becauseanyareaofecologicalbalanceandbiodiversityistheresultofbillionsofyearsofevolution,thisbalanceoncedisrupted,willlosecontrolandcauseharm.Cases——HabitatfragmentationDaily(1995)onhumanactivitiescausedbydegradationanddeclineofbiodiversityecosystemweresorted:overexploitation(includingdirectdamageandenvironmentalpollutionetc.)accountedfor35%,accountedfor30%ofdeforestation,agriculturalactivitiesaccountedfor28%,excessiveharvestfuelwoodaccountedfor6%,bioindustryaccountedfor1%.ofwhichthefirstthreehumanactivitiesaccountedfor93%.Themostintuitivedamageasaresultofspecieshabitatfragmentation,habitatInsularization.Reductionofbiodiversitydependsontheecosystemstructureorprocessdisturbancedegree,suchasthehumanresourceacquisitionprocessofplants(suchasexcessiveinterferenceeffectsofirrigationwatercycle,plantmorefertilizereffectofcreaturesontheearthchemicalcycle)thanthedirectinterferenceofproducersorconsumers(suchasloggingorhunting)hasagreaternegativeeffect.Generally,thecompositionhasnotbeencompletelydestroyedbeforetheeliminationofinterferenceintheecologicalsystem,ecologicalsystemThedegradationwillstopandstarttherecovery(suchastherestorationofforestsmallcut),biodiversitymayincrease;butbeingdestroyedintheprocessofecologicalfunctionsystemaftertheexclusionofinterference,degenerationofecologicalsystemisverydifficulttostop,andmayexacerbate(suchasfiremountainafterrestorationofforests).ThesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityThemeaningofbiodiversityismainlyreflectedinthevalueofbiologicaldiversity.Forhumanbeings,thebiologicaldiversityhasthedirectusevalue,indirectusevalueandpotentialusevalue.DirectvalueBiologicalprovidesfoodforhuman,fiber,buildingmaterialsandotherindustrialrawmaterialsandfurniture.Biodiversityhasaestheticvalue,cancultivatepeople'ssentiments,beautifypeople'slife.Ifthereisnocolorfuluniverseof1,000,000,000universesandplantsintheairofdifferentanimal,leisureandtourismpeopleareflatanduninteresting.Itismagnificentandbeautifulthewell-knownmountainsandriversismatchedwiththeflowerisriotouswithcolour,itisgoodtohearorsee,thebeautyaway.Inaddition,biodiversitycaninspirepeopletoliteraryandartisticcreationinspiration.IndirectusevalueIndirectusevalue:referstotheindirectusevalueofbiodiversityhasimportantecologicalfunctions.Nomatterwhatkindofecosystem,wildlifeisoneoftheessentialcomponent.Intheecosystem,withinterdependenceandmutualrestraintrelationshipbetweenwildlife,whichtogethermaintainthestructureandfunctionofecologicalsystemofwild.Biologicaloncereduced,thestabilityofecosystemswillbedestroyed,thesurvivalofthehumanenvironmentwillbeaffectedPotentialusevalueFormedicinaluse,80%ofthepopulationofdevelopingcountriesdependsonthetraditionalmedicineprovidedbyplantsoranimalstoensurebasichealth,and40%ofthedrugsusedinwesternmedicinecontainsubstancesoriginallyfoundinwildplants.Weliveinthiswonderfulworldaroundbutthereisawidevarietyofbiologicalspecies.Andthesearetoomanytocount,theyareourgoodfriends,butalsotomaintaintheecologicalbalanceofthesecurity,butintwenty-firstCenturytoday,moreandmorebiologicaldestruction.Howdoyoudoit?nationality：Asfaraspossibletoestablishanaturereserve,increasetheprotectionofbiologicaldiversityofpublicity.Enforceabanonwildreclamation.Thestateestablishesthematerialbaseofendangeredspecies.Howdoyoudoit?oneself：Saveandusewaterfromlife；Donotrespondtolocalrivers,lakespollution.ShouldactivelyreportillegalkillingofrareanimalsandplantstothelocalIndustrialandCommercialBureau.Tothestudentsaroundthecountrytopromotenationalpolicies.Animalsareourfriends,inordertoallowthemtoaccompanyus,inordertoprotecttheecologicalbalance,inordertohaveabettertomorrow,wecanworktogethertoprotectthediversityofbiologicalprotection,thebenefitofmankind!Here,Icall:aslongaseveryonehasalittlemorepower,theprotectionofbiodiversitywillnolongerbeaproblem.Thanks!