傅聪：钢琴家不止是光彩的手指

傅聪：钢琴家不止是光彩的手指 傅聪---钢琴家不只是光彩的手指 很多人对傅聪的印象还停留在《傅雷家书》，然而他如今已是老者，有两个儿子。尽管成长在音乐世家，但两个儿子都没有选择钢琴这个“苦差事”，甚或会调侃父亲是一个“怪老头”。傅聪说:“大多数人，也许一生都无法体会到我每天在音乐中享受到的快乐，这个世界难以进入，更难以脱开。”傅聪先生已是一个老人。 他靠在沙发上，静默，吸着烟斗，微微喘着气。弟弟傅敏说，兄长白日练琴至天黑，睡了一觉，刚醒来，一群记者围坐着，不敢出声。此前大家都听说了，老先生向来不喜欢接受采访，尤其不喜欢谈《傅雷家书》，因此不免有些惴惴。 在国人印象中的傅聪和真实的傅聪之间，也许存在着巨大的落差。在《傅雷家书》中，傅聪韶华当年，意气风发;如今的傅聪，则是一个儒雅的绅士，是董桥笔下心仪的老派文人——在我们见面的那天晚上，他手持黑色的烟斗，一袭黑色的中式对襟棉衣，丝绸长裤和布鞋自然也是黑的;黑色的头发梳成清爽而一丝不苟的发型，倒是两抹长寿眉有些灰白，在眼角处转个折，垂了下来。 只有那伴随他几十年的半指手套，提醒人们他内心到底有多年轻——1972年，傅聪在奥地利音乐会前夕摔断一根手指头，此后一直患有腱鞘炎。为了保证血液流通，傅聪需要常年戴着手of chicken manure bacteria, eggs can be killed, make chicken manure safe organic fertilizer with high efficiency. Timely watering, make sure seedlings to moisture requirements. (4) the application of new type high efficient inhibitor fertilizer can effectively prevent damage caused by the effect of quick-acting organic fertilizer on seedling, and prevent soil compaction, promote healthy growth. 2, the use of some of the new technical measures, improve the survival rate (1) increased tree holes. Use of excavators and combine artificial dig tree holes, improve efficiency, increase the water storage capacity of tree holes, enhance seedling drought resistance. (2) covered. Seedlings planted in the winter and early spring season, and after filling flooded twice, points, and plastic film mulching tree holes, roots of both the temperature and reduce the moisture to evaporate, reducing plant death due to physiological drought, improve the survival rate of seedlings. (3) tree protection. After to the trunk with a rope winding, outside on the covered a layer of mulch, moisturizing, thermal insulation, can improve the survival rate of seedlings. (4) the use of branch Po. Bao is the latest technology of cultivation of fruit trees, branches, especially for more expensive but difficult branches of seedlings, have obvious effects in Garden tree species can also be used. Second, measures to reduce costs and shorten, reduce labor intensity 套取暖，即便在演出时也要戴着。“我现在好像不戴手套都不会弹琴了～”他笑着说。 关于成长:“先为人，次为艺术家，再为音乐家，终为钢琴家” 2010年12月，他加盟国家大剧院“纪念肖邦200周年诞辰”的系列音乐会，并担任第16届肖邦国际钢琴大赛的评委——那是他自1985年之后，25年来首次出现在该赛事中。 本届大赛的冠军尤里安娜,阿芙蒂耶娃恰好是傅聪“大师班”的学生。对此，老先生难掩一丝得意:“我相信，我还是尽了一份力的～” 父亲傅雷曾要求傅聪，一定要“先为人，次为艺术家，再为音乐家，终为钢琴家”。如今傅聪年逾古稀，却自谦道:“我一辈子都没有违背这个原则，可是，如果自称是一个艺术家或钢琴家，我觉得是夸夸其谈，自己还没有资格这样说。” 早在20世纪六七十年代，美国《时代》周刊就将傅聪列为封面人物。盛赞其为“当代最伟大的钢琴家之一。”傅聪则说:“我那一代的人，可以说是有家学，如果说我跟别人有不一样的地方，可能就在这里。” 1934年，傅聪出生于上海。起初父亲想让他师从黄宾虹、刘海栗等巨匠习画，但见其对古典音乐有着近乎天赋的敏感和喜of chicken manure bacteria, eggs can be killed, make chicken manure safe organic fertilizer with high efficiency. Timely watering, make sure seedlings to moisture requirements. (4) the application of new type high efficient inhibitor fertilizer can effectively prevent damage caused by the effect of quick-acting organic fertilizer on seedling, and prevent soil compaction, promote healthy growth. 2, the use of some of the new technical measures, improve the survival rate (1) increased tree holes. Use of excavators and combine artificial dig tree holes, improve efficiency, increase the water storage capacity of tree holes, enhance seedling drought resistance. (2) covered. Seedlings planted in the winter and early spring season, and after filling flooded twice, points, and plastic film mulching tree holes, roots of both the temperature and reduce the moisture to evaporate, reducing plant death due to physiological drought, improve the survival rate of seedlings. (3) tree protection. After to the trunk with a rope winding, outside on the covered a layer of mulch, moisturizing, thermal insulation, can improve the survival rate of seedlings. (4) the use of branch Po. Bao is the latest technology of cultivation of fruit trees, branches, especially for more expensive but difficult branches of seedlings, have obvious effects in Garden tree species can also be used. Second, measures to reduce costs and shorten, reduce labor intensity 好，遂改而令其学琴。在《傅雷家书》中，读者可以看到傅雷教子的严苛——为了保证傅聪每日数小时的练琴时间，傅雷把儿子从小学“撤回”，专门延请名师在家中教其英文、数学等科目，至于国文一科，则由自己亲自选编教材，予以教授。钢琴方面，先是请老朋友雷坦当启蒙老师，接着在傅聪9岁的时候，令其拜李斯特的再传**、意大利钢琴家梅百器为师。傅聪至今鼻梁上还有一道疤痕，那是因为小时候练琴走神，结果傅雷顺手就拿了一个碟子朝他扔了过去，在脸上划了一道口子，可见管教之严。 1948年，由于时局动荡，傅雷一家曾迁往昆明，直到1951年，17岁的傅聪才重新拾起了终断3年的琴艺，从此终生不渝。他自嘲“这样的年龄(学琴)，真是前无古人”。但他4年后的成功，证明年龄之说的虚妄:1955年3月，代中国参加第五届肖邦国际钢琴比赛的傅聪名列第三，这是中国人首次在国际性钢琴比赛中获奖。尤为难得的是，他还斩获了肖邦作品中演奏难度最大的“玛祖卡”最佳奖。一个东方人，竟然如此贴切而深刻地再现了“肖邦的灵魂”，以至于演出结束后，具有很高音乐修养的波兰观众如潮水一般向他涌来，“拥抱我，吻我，让他们的泪水沾满了我的脸;许多人声音都哑了，变了，说他们一生从来没有如此感动过，甚至说‘为什么你不是一个波兰人呢’,” 此后的数十年，傅聪始终被认为是肖邦作品的最佳阐释者之一，被称为“有分量的巨匠”“钢琴诗人”。 of chicken manure bacteria, eggs can be killed, make chicken manure safe organic fertilizer with high efficiency. Timely watering, make sure seedlings to moisture requirements. (4) the application of new type high efficient inhibitor fertilizer can effectively prevent damage caused by the effect of quick-acting organic fertilizer on seedling, and prevent soil compaction, promote healthy growth. 2, the use of some of the new technical measures, improve the survival rate (1) increased tree holes. Use of excavators and combine artificial dig tree holes, improve efficiency, increase the water storage capacity of tree holes, enhance seedling drought resistance. (2) covered. Seedlings planted in the winter and early spring season, and after filling flooded twice, points, and plastic film mulching tree holes, roots of both the temperature and reduce the moisture to evaporate, reducing plant death due to physiological drought, improve the survival rate of seedlings. (3) tree protection. After to the trunk with a rope winding, outside on the covered a layer of mulch, moisturizing, thermal insulation, can improve the survival rate of seedlings. (4) the use of branch Po. Bao is the latest technology of cultivation of fruit trees, branches, especially for more expensive but difficult branches of seedlings, have obvious effects in Garden tree species can also be used. Second, measures to reduce costs and shorten, reduce labor intensity 关于父亲:千里孤坟，无处话凄凉 然而，对于绝大多数中国人而言，傅聪之为人所知，并非因为他的琴艺，而是因为《傅雷家书》。 1954年，傅聪留学波澜，从此与父亲开始了长达12年的书信往来。傅雷在次年4月的一书，“不是空唠叨，不是莫名其妙的gossip(聊八卦)”，而是把儿子当成了谈论艺术的对手，同时也借此训练儿子的文笔、思想，并随时给儿子做一面“忠实的镜子”。 1981年，傅雷次子傅敏将百余封家书选编出版，一时间震动海内。但对于当事人来说，那些家书无疑超出了谈艺录乃至琐碎的人生教条的意义，而具有那个特殊时代的意味。 在那12年中，傅聪由弱冠之年远赴重洋，中间经历了傅雷被划为“右派”“1958年傅聪叛逃英国”“1964年傅聪加入英国籍”等中国风波和事件。在某种意义上，那些家书更是傅聪羁旅英伦20余年，傅雷念兹在兹的遗书——1966年9月3日，自“反右”以来一直遭受不公正待遇和迫害的傅雷，与夫人朱梅馥一起自尽。直到11月，傅聪才得知父母的死讯，可谓“千里孤坟，无处话凄凉”。 1977年，傅聪在朋友吴祖强的帮助下，给时任副总理的**写信，表示回国探亲的恳切心情。1978年12月，**批示:“傅of chicken manure bacteria, eggs can be killed, make chicken manure safe organic fertilizer with high efficiency. Timely watering, make sure seedlings to moisture requirements. (4) the application of new type high efficient inhibitor fertilizer can effectively prevent damage caused by the effect of quick-acting organic fertilizer on seedling, and prevent soil compaction, promote healthy growth. 2, the use of some of the new technical measures, improve the survival rate (1) increased tree holes. Use of excavators and combine artificial dig tree holes, improve efficiency, increase the water storage capacity of tree holes, enhance seedling drought resistance. (2) covered. Seedlings planted in the winter and early spring season, and after filling flooded twice, points, and plastic film mulching tree holes, roots of both the temperature and reduce the moisture to evaporate, reducing plant death due to physiological drought, improve the survival rate of seedlings. (3) tree protection. After to the trunk with a rope winding, outside on the covered a layer of mulch, moisturizing, thermal insulation, can improve the survival rate of seedlings. (4) the use of branch Po. Bao is the latest technology of cultivation of fruit trees, branches, especially for more expensive but difficult branches of seedlings, have obvious effects in Garden tree species can also be used. Second, measures to reduce costs and shorten, reduce labor intensity 聪回国探亲或回国工作都可以同意，由文化部办理。”自此，傅聪才真正得以重归故里。 1979年4月，傅雷夫妇得到平反。但是，在很长的一段时间里，家庭都是傅聪不忍提及的话题，《傅雷家书》更是不忍重读，因为一看到那些文字便会泪流面满。他曾经对记者说，“我有一个朋友，他的祖父去世前，曾在一本宋词集的扉页上，给他留下过几句话。在他祖父去世之后的两三年里，他只要翻到那里，必定会痛苦。那么你想想，当一个孩子看到整整一本情真意切的书信，而写这些信的人却已带着那么多遗憾和痛苦离他而去时，他会是怎样的感受,” 直到最近几年，他才稍微自我安慰说:“假如放在身边偶然看到，我会去翻一翻。但是，《傅雷家书》在我心里头，我何必一定要去看呢,” 关于音乐:“都以朗朗为榜样，不是好现象” 即使是成名之后，傅聪也一直保持着苦修者一般的练琴强度。每天上午10点半练琴至下午5点，中间不吃午饭，只为了让琴声连贯。到了演出前的一两天，更是要保持8到10个小时的练习时间。夫人卓一龙就经常说他:“哪有这么练琴的～练琴应该有所保留，不要全部拿出去。”“可是对我来说，每天要打到我认为的极致才可以，所以每次都是全力以赴。” of chicken manure bacteria, eggs can be killed, make chicken manure safe organic fertilizer with high efficiency. Timely watering, make sure seedlings to moisture requirements. (4) the application of new type high efficient inhibitor fertilizer can effectively prevent damage caused by the effect of quick-acting organic fertilizer on seedling, and prevent soil compaction, promote healthy growth. 2, the use of some of the new technical measures, improve the survival rate (1) increased tree holes. Use of excavators and combine artificial dig tree holes, improve efficiency, increase the water storage capacity of tree holes, enhance seedling drought resistance. (2) covered. Seedlings planted in the winter and early spring season, and after filling flooded twice, points, and plastic film mulching tree holes, roots of both the temperature and reduce the moisture to evaporate, reducing plant death due to physiological drought, improve the survival rate of seedlings. (3) tree protection. After to the trunk with a rope winding, outside on the covered a layer of mulch, moisturizing, thermal insulation, can improve the survival rate of seedlings. (4) the use of branch Po. Bao is the latest technology of cultivation of fruit trees, branches, especially for more expensive but difficult branches of seedlings, have obvious effects in Garden tree species can also be used. Second, measures to reduce costs and shorten, reduce labor intensity 其实，卓一龙自己也是一个钢琴家。傅聪家里有5架钢琴，现在只有夫妻两人弹了。“我们各自有琴房，平时只在早晚吃饭时见面，家里有佣人，杂务都不必操心。我夫人有时做些园艺，她那片玫瑰园就在我琴房的窗下。”傅聪说。他们疏于社交，也极少出席名流宴会。只有在天气好的时候，夫妇俩才会一起出门，开上20分钟的车到牛津大学校园散步。 他的两个儿子成长在这个音乐世家(长子是与第一任妻子、大音乐家梅纽因的女儿弥拉所生)，但都没有选择练琴这个“苦差事”，他们甚或调侃父亲是一个“怪老头”。但傅聪说:“我对名利看得很淡，钱后面加几个零，对我来说是很空洞的事情。在音乐乃至音乐之外，天天学到一点新的东西，对我来说就是一种享受。” 最近几年，傅聪受上海音乐学院的邀请，每年抵沪教两个月的“大师班”，学生中既有小、中、大学生，也有也已成名的钢琴家。他发现，“小学、中学的学生非常有才能，远远高于大学部得人”;此前他也直指中国学生不缺才华，但没有文化，因为很少看书，对乐器之外的音乐体悟太少，“独立思考在这里至今也还是个理想。” 他批评中国社会急功近利，“学琴的人以为把手指练得飞快，就会变成第二个朗朗。我对朗朗是很佩服的，他是一个钢琴天才，可是，以他作为榜样，不是一个很好的现象。”他甚至预言，大of chicken manure bacteria, eggs can be killed, make chicken manure safe organic fertilizer with high efficiency. Timely watering, make sure seedlings to moisture requirements. (4) the application of new type high efficient inhibitor fertilizer can effectively prevent damage caused by the effect of quick-acting organic fertilizer on seedling, and prevent soil compaction, promote healthy growth. 2, the use of some of the new technical measures, improve the survival rate (1) increased tree holes. Use of excavators and combine artificial dig tree holes, improve efficiency, increase the water storage capacity of tree holes, enhance seedling drought resistance. (2) covered. Seedlings planted in the winter and early spring season, and after filling flooded twice, points, and plastic film mulching tree holes, roots of both the temperature and reduce the moisture to evaporate, reducing plant death due to physiological drought, improve the survival rate of seedlings. (3) tree protection. After to the trunk with a rope winding, outside on the covered a layer of mulch, moisturizing, thermal insulation, can improve the survival rate of seedlings. (4) the use of branch Po. Bao is the latest technology of cultivation of fruit trees, branches, especially for more expensive but difficult branches of seedlings, have obvious effects in Garden tree species can also be used. Second, measures to reduce costs and shorten, reduce labor intensity 批的孩子学琴，5到10年之后，中国只不过多了“一批光彩的 手指”而已，这与做人、做艺术家的境界，相去甚远。 在一些人看来，傅聪是神秘的，他回应道:“大多数人， 也许一生都无法体会到我每天在音乐中享受到的快乐，这个世界 难以进入，更难以脱开，因为它太美、太迷人了。这种乐趣难以 描述，我只能用‘悠然心会，妙处难与君说’来形容。” of chicken manure bacteria, eggs can be killed, make chicken manure safe organic fertilizer with high efficiency. Timely watering, make sure seedlings to moisture requirements. (4) the application of new type high efficient inhibitor fertilizer can effectively prevent damage caused by the effect of quick-acting organic fertilizer on seedling, and prevent soil compaction, promote healthy growth. 2, the use of some of the new technical measures, improve the survival rate (1) increased tree holes. Use of excavators and combine artificial dig tree holes, improve efficiency, increase the water storage capacity of tree holes, enhance seedling drought resistance. (2) covered. Seedlings planted in the winter and early spring season, and after filling flooded twice, points, and plastic film mulching tree holes, roots of both the temperature and reduce the moisture to evaporate, reducing plant death due to physiological drought, improve the survival rate of seedlings. (3) tree protection. After to the trunk with a rope winding, outside on the covered a layer of mulch, moisturizing, thermal insulation, can improve the survival rate of seedlings. (4) the use of branch Po. Bao is the latest technology of cultivation of fruit trees, branches, especially for more expensive but difficult branches of seedlings, have obvious effects in Garden tree species can also be used. Second, measures to reduce costs and shorten, reduce labor intensity