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Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! 【课文讲解】 1、postcards always spoil my holidays. (1) always与ever用法辨析： ① always的含义是“总是”（at all times/all the time） However, this does not always happen. 然而，这种情况并不总是发生。 ② ever的含义是“不管在什么时候”（at any time），多用于疑问句和条件句中。 Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去过北京么？ ③ forever 或 for ever。意为“直到任何时候，永远”。 I shall remember New Concept English forever. (2) Holidays (UK) = vacations (Am) 示一个假期有很多天，常以复数形式出现。 2、Last summer, I went to Italy. (1) last： ① adj. 上一个 last summer 里的last表示 “上一个” ② adj. 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the the last day 最后一天 （具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on） (2) Italy(意大利)重读在第一音节。 Italian（意大利语，意大利人）重读在第二音节。 3、I visit museums and sat in public gardens. “And”连接两个句子，形成并列句，要注意时态一致。 I ate an apple and drank a cup of tea.我吃了个苹果，喝了杯可乐。 My sister read for an hour and went to bed. 我姐姐读了一个小时的书，然后就睡去了。 4、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. = A friendly waiter taught me a little Italian. (1) teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事 He teaches our English. (错) He teaches us English. (对) 像teach, lend, send, give, offer, pass, buy, make等动词都可以接两个宾语。 一般表示动作结果的叫直接宾语，如原文中的a few words 和 a book；表示动作目标的叫间接宾语，如原文中的me,通常是间接宾语位于直接宾语前面。如果直接宾语在前，那间接宾语前必须加介词to(动作对谁而做)或for(动作为某人而做)。 E.g. He lent me a book. = He lent a book to me. He taught me a few words. = He taught a few words to me. She sent me a card. = She sent a card to me. She passed me the doll. = She passed the doll to me. (2) 语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian I can speak a little English/a few words of English. (3) few, little, a little, a few, ① few 与 little 作形容词用，都表示“几乎没有”，相当于一个否定词。具体区别： 1) few 后面跟复数可数名词。 E.g. few books few students There were few people in the zoo last Monday. 2) little 后面跟单数不可数名词。还可表述为：a little bit, a bit, somewhat. E.g. little water little food E.g. He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 They has little money. 他们没有什麽钱 ② a few 与 a little 都表示肯定的意思，指“有一点，有一些”。具体区别： 1) a few 后加可数名词复数 a few与可数名词复数连用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少数几个）的意思。 The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要问他一些问。 2）a little 后加不可数名词单数。 E.g. I'm going to buy a few bananas. I can speak only a little Chinese. ③ a little 与 little 也可以用作副词， 表示“有点”“稍稍” 表示“很少” e.g. ---- Can you speak English? ---- Yes, but only a little. This book is a little more difficult than that one. （ 可修饰形容词比较级） She slept little last night. 昨天晚上，她没有怎么睡觉。 5、Then he lent me a book. = He lent a book to me. 6、I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. (1) read 意为“阅读，攻读，学习；看懂；辨认，觉察” Read a riddle 猜出谜语 Read malice in sb’s face 从某人脸上看出恶意 How do you read this sentence? 你怎么理解这句话？ My brother read the news lately. (2) understand 懂，理解 近义词: comprehend, grasp, know, realize 反义词：misunderstand, misinterpret (3) not … a 强调一个也没有。 课文最后一句用not … a single 比 not … a 语气更加强烈。 E.g. He did not speak a world at the party. 他在晚会上一个字都没有说。 He did not speak a single word at the patty. 他在晚会上竟然一个字都没有说。 7、Everyday I thought about postcards. ① think about/of 考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事 ② think of 考虑到，想到，还有打算做或记起，想起 What do you think of? What do you think of TV program last night? What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样? What’s the weather like today? cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze I'll freeze.我要冻僵了 Think about 考虑，think 为不及物动词，后面不能直接加宾语。 用法：think of / about sth. = concern / consider sth. 考虑某人，记着某人 We are thinking of learning New Concept English Book 3. We concern about learning New Concept English Book 3. ③ think sth over 仔细考虑，反复思考 E.g. please think over what I said. ④ Think sth up 想出，设计出 E.g. He thought up a plan to encourage saving. 8、My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. Time passed quickly / slowly. 时间过的真快 / 慢。 How time flies. Time after time(= again and again) 一次又一次地 9、On the last day, I made a big decision. (1) On the last day. 在最后一天，表示具体某个日子用“on”。 E.g. On Monday. On Wednesday evening. “On the last + 时间名词”表示具体的时间点，意为“最后的……” ① 上一个：last summer 上个夏天；last year 去年；last week 上周 ② 最后的(= final) ：I’m the last one. (2) Make a big decision. 作出一项重大的决定。(decision为名词) Decide to do sth. 决定去做某事。(decide为动词) Make up one’s mind to do sth. 下决心(动词短语) Take a decision to do sth. Be determined to do. E.g. I made a big decision to stay here. He is determined to immigrate to Canada. 10、I got up early and bought thirty–seven cards. (1) Get up early / late 起得早 / 晚 Get up a party 筹备一个舞会 Get up a subject 研究一门学科 Get up a speed 加快速度 (2)get down 吞下；记录；使沮丧 She couldn't get the medicine down. 那药她吞不下去。 Please get down what he says. 请把他的话记下。 The continual wet weather is getting me down. 持续的潮湿天气使我沮丧。 (3) get down to开始认真对待 He got down to his work after the holidays. 度假之后他开始专心工作。 (4) get down to business 开始做正事 After some pleasant talk, we got down to business. 寒暄笑谈之后,我们开始做正事。 11、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! (1) spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过” “sb. spend + 时间 + 地点”:某人在某地度过了多长时间 Spend time (in) doing sth. E.g. I always spend two hours learning English. I spend three hours in the sea. I spend my weekend at my mother's. I spend three hours in the classroom everyday. I spend a lot of time in traffic jam. (交通堵塞) My father spent two weeks in Beijing. 我爸爸在北京呆了两个星期。 spend还可以表示“花钱” Spend money on sth. E.g. If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again. I can’t spend any more on this car. He spent all his money on his car. (2) 近义词辨析： ① cost 指话费，开支，常构成sth. Cost sb. Money；作名词指价钱，成本，费用，代价。 The dress cost me $100. He saved the boy from drowning at the cost of his life. ② take:一般指某事需要或话费某人多长时间完成。 The work took us four hours. It took me a month to finish the book. ③ pay：指付款给某人，可用pay sb./pay for sth；pay sb. sth. 等 You must pay for my dinner today. He paid the shopkeeper $200. (3) the whole day = all day 整天 (4) in one’s room 在某人的房间里 in one’s house 在某人房子里 at one’s house 在某人的家中