A7大量元素缺乏对小麦光合、呼吸作用和生理特性的影响

2009?3? ?J l l ????( ?????) Mar．2009 ?46??2? Journa l of Si chuan Uni ve rs i t y(Nat ur al Sci ence Edi t i on) V01．46 No．2 ????：0490?6756(2009) 02?0462?07 ???????????、????? ??????? ? ?1，? ?1，? 韬1，?? 王 建 辉 1， 胡 朝 阳 2， 匿 囹1， ?1，??? ??? ' ( 1．???????????????????????????，??610064； 2．???????????????，??743000) ??：???????????、???????10?30 d，????????????? ????、????????????．???????致????H202、???????， ?????，?????????．???????致??舍??( Pn) 、PSI I?舍????? ???( ?Ⅱ)、PSl l ???????(F?／Fm)、????PSⅡ???????( F?／Fm’)? ????????( NPQ)??．????致NPQ??，??????????．????? ???????，??????????????????????，?????????． ???????????，????????，???????????，???????? 30 d?????．???????????????????????????????． ???：??；??????；????；???????；???? ?????：Q945 ?????：A The eff ect s of macr onnt r i ent def i ci ency on phot osynt he t i c act i vi t y， r espi r at i on and phys i ol ogi cal par amet er s i n wheat ZHANGFanl ，yUI ANShul ，LEJ Ta01，LJ【，Zf?Li l ，DUJun?B01， WANGJi ?，z?HⅣi 1，HUZao- Ya力92， I： ! j ! i i 二 !i 固 1， LINHong?H?i 1 ( 1．Key Labor at or y of Bi o- r e sources and Eco-envi ronment of Mi ni st r y of Educ at i on，Col l ege of Li f e Sci ences。 Si ehuan Uni vers i t y，Chengdu 610064，Chi nat 2．Depart ment of Bi oc hemi s t ry，Di ngxi Normal Col l ege，Di ngxi 743000，Chi na) Abst r act：The r espi r at i on，photosynt het i c ac t i vi t y and some phys i ologi cal par ame t er s wer e meas ured i n whea t l eaves under N，P or Kdef i c i ency for 10?30 days．Unde r macr onut r i ent de f i ci ency，H202、MDA i ncreas ed，t he wat er cont ent decr ease d，and t he cyani de r es i s t ant r es pi rat i on was i nduced apparent l y． Net phot osynt hesi s ra t e (P，1)，?l?Ⅱ．F?／Fm，F?’／Fm7 and non- phot ochemi st r y quenchi ng( NPQ) de? cl i ned under Nor P def ici ency．K def i ci ency r es ul t ed i n dec l i ne of NPQ，but i ts ot her phot osynt het i c pa? r amet er s di d not change s i gni f i cant l y．Al l t hes e r es ul t s i ndi cat ed t hat macr onut r i ent def i ci ency had r e - markabl e ef fe ct s on pl ant s．but i ndi vi dual mechani sms wer e di f f er ent ．Ni t r ogen def i ci ency hamper ed pr otei n synt hesi s，phosphor us def i c i ency aff ec t ed ener gy met abol i sm，pot as si um def i ci ency i ncr eased ????：2 007?09- 09 ????：?????????????????(20040610015。2004527-16?7)}???????????( 04ZQ026．036)，???? ????( 30571119，30670166) ????：??( 1984- - ) ．?，????．?????．?????????????????． ????：???．E-mai l ：honghui l i n{?vi p．s i na．coI l a ?2? ???：??????????舍、???????????? 463 membrane pene t r at i on．The ef fe ct s of K def i ci ency were re l a t i vel y sma l l．The pos s i bl e mechani sms of r egul at ion of phot osynt hes i s and r es pi r at i on under macr onut i ent def i ci ency we r e di scuss ed． Key wor ds：wheat。macr onut r i e nt def ici ency，cyani de r es i s t ant r espi r at i on，chl or ophyl l f l uor es cence pa。 r amet er s，gas exchange 1 ? ? ?????????????0．2％??，? ???、??、??、??、???5?( ?)??? ???????????????；?????? ?67．3?km2，???20???(?)????? ??????；??????????，??18．5 ?km2，??????????，????、??、 ??、????(?) ?75％???????．? ????????，????????????? ???????????，??营?????? ?，????????，???，???????? ??????，?????、????????? ??????[ 1?]．?N?????????，? P???????????。?K?????? ??，??????????????????? ??????．???????营?????，? ???????????(????) [ 3]．???? ?，???????????，???????? ??( AOX)?????AOX???????? ??“’5]．?????????营??????? ????，???????????、????? ????????????????????? ??[ 6?]．??????????，?????? N、P、K?????????????、???? ??????????????，??????? ??????????????、??????? ????????????????，????? ???????????????． 2????? 2．1?? ?????1％??????，?????， ????4 h?，?26?????????48 h， ????致?????????????，?26 ?1??????，????12 h???100 L‘mol ?m_2?s- 1???． 2．2 ? 2．2．1?????????10 d??，??? ??????，?????N、?P、?K?1／ 2Hoagl and营???????10 d、20 d、30 d，? ??1／2Hoagl and营?????????．?? ??营???????，??????????? ???????．?N?，KN0。、Ca( NOs )z?? ???K2S04、CaCl 2??，?P?，NazHP04? ????NaCI???，?K?，KN0。、KH2PO。 ?????NaNO。、NaH2PO。??． 2．2．2 ??????? ??Vanl er ber ghe ?[ 9]???，??????3 mm??????? ?????PBS?( pH 6．8)，?Cl ar k???? ( Hansat ech，Ki ng’S Lynn，UK)???????． ????50 mmol ／L( pH6．8)???????． ??????KCN 1 mmol ／L??????? PG20 bt mol／L．????????nmol 02?g- 1 ?FW?mi n_1?????．?????4??? ?????． 2．2．3 ???、H20：、MDA????? ?? Raj e sh Kumar Tewar i ?no]????????? ?． ??Xin Sun?[11]?????H202??． ??Raj es h Kumar Tewar i?Ⅱo]????? ???(MDA)??． 2．2．4 ???、????、????????? ?????[ 12] ????????．????? ?[ 133???钼??????????．???? ????????G--250(Br adf ord)?，???? ??????????． 2．2．5 ?????????????????? ??????????(TP?1)?11：30?(? ???100?t ool ?mq?s- 1)???????? ?????????，??????????，? ???????．????????5?，??? ?1???． ?????????Wal z????? PAM2100???????????，????? ??100“t ool ?m_2?s?．??PSI I ????? ????( Fv7／Fm7)、??????( NPQ)、PS Ⅱ?????????(Or sⅡ) ?PS I I ????? 464 ??????(?????) ?46? ????( F?／Fm)[ 1‘’1 51． 2．2．6????????????????? ????．????????????????? t????，?????Pdo．05． 3????? 3．1 ?N、P、K???????????、H：02、 MDA???? ??????，?N、?P、?K?????? 0 10 20 ????( d) ?????????( ????1(a )?( c) )．?? ?N、?P????????????，?89％? ????82．5％?82．4％．?????????， ?N、P、K?????Hz 02??????．?? ?N、P?????????，30 d?，???? H20：???103．6 nmol?g-‘，??N???? ?375．8 nmol?g?，?P??266 nmol?g?． MDA????????????????，?? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 l O 20 ????( d) ?1 ???????????????????? Fi g．1 Ef f ect s of macr onut r i e nt def i ci ency on phys i ol ogi cal pa ramet er s i n wheat l eaves ? ? ? ? m s O ? ? ?8 ? 辨 ? ? ? ％ ?^ v ?* ?? ? 5 O 5 O 5 O 5 O 5 O 6 4 2 O 8 6 4 2 D ? ??? ?? ：2 m％o ? M ?{ ? m ? m ? o O O O O 0 O n O ≥^ Q。 ??m )? ??? 锝?? ?? ? ? | | } {| | ? ? ? ? ? o ? ?≥ dTh． Io? u)?? ??W ? 5 O 5 O 5 O 2 2 l l O ，^ ?1-? ?oⅢ ≥?? 镒? ? ?2? ???：???????????、???????????? ??K?????MDA????，?30 d?? ?2．44／．t mol?g?，?????1．51?m01．g_1 ??38％．?????Tewar i?[ 1??????? ????．??????30 d?P??K??? ??????，???K?????????? ???????． 3．2?N、P、K??????????? ??N???，???????????? ???????( ????1(e)?( f ) )，?0 d? ?21．89 mg?g_1 DW???30 d??12．05 mg ?g?DW，???45％．?P??K????? ??????，??30 d????( ?????)． ?????P??????????????? ??．30 d?P?????????????．? K???????????????，????? ??MDA????致．?????K???? ????，????????，???????? ????????．?P??N??????? ????( ?????) ． 3．3?N、P、K???????????? ??N、P、K???，?????????? ??????????( ????2)．???K、P ????10 d?????????，?20 d?? ????．?K??0 d??0．263 nmol 02?g- 1 FW?r ai n- 1???10 d??0．525 nmol 02?g- 1 ?2?N、P、K???????????? Fi g．2 Ef f e ct of macr onuut r i ent def i ci ency on cyani de r esi s t an t r esp i r at i on in wheat l eaves FW?r ai n?，?P????0．516 nmol 02?g?1 FW?mi n?，???????????，???? ???????P、K???．??N????? ???，??????N?????????? ?致?．?????????????????? ??????????????，??????? ???(?P??K????????，??N? ????????????????，???? ?)．??????????????????营 ???????????． 3．4?????????????????? ???????(Pn) ?????????? ????．????30 d??N、P?????? ??(Pn)???1．44?mol?m_2?s?、1．59 ?t ool ?m-2?s?，????2．62 t , mol ?m_2? S1?????????49．2％、44．1％．??K ???????(????3)．???K???? ????????????．????????? ???????，??P??K??????? ???． ???????????n／Fm??PS I I ?????????，???PSl l?????? ???????．?F?7／Fm7???PSⅡ??? ??????，??????PSl l?????? ??????．??????，?N、P????? ?F?／F??n 7／Fm7??????????? ?????． ??K????????????，??? K??????PS I I ????????，??? ??????????． ???PsⅡ???PSI I????????? ????????????????????，? ?????????????．??????? ?，?N、P????糌Ⅱ??????????? ??????，30 d???????，???? 0．762，?N、P??????0．738、0．716，?? K??????(O．755) ． ?????????NPQ，???PS I I?? ????????????????????? ???????????．??3??，???? ?NPQ??????????． 466 ?) 11????( ?????) ?46? 250 200 150 100 50 O O． 78 O． 77 O． 76 0． 75 0． 74 e?o?73 O． 72 0．71 0． 70 O． 69 O． 68 O．67． 4? ? 0 ????( d) 20 30 O 20 30 ????( d)}◆：—＼P冬 i ’-e - CK- - O-N+P*K ? ? O D 20 30 ????( d) 3．5 3．0 2．5 2．0 1．5 1．O 0． 78 O． 76 O． 74 O．72 0．70 O． 68 0． 66 0． 64 O 10 20 30 ????(d) O l O 20 30 ????( d) O l O 20 30 ????( d) ?3 ????????????, R(Gs、Pn、F?Fm、F?／Fm7、? l PsⅡ、NPQ)??? Fi g．3 Ef f ect of macr onuut r i ent def i ci ency on phot os ynt het i c pa r ame t ers ( Gs。Pn。F”f Fm，F0 f F?。t ??l ，NPQ) in wheat l ea ves Gr os sman and Takaha shi r l 63??营???? ?致??????????，??致?????? ????????????．??????? ??I?????????????，???? Of，HzOz?????0H????． MDA??????????????营? ??????????????．??????? ?HzOz、MDA???????????．??? ?K????Hz 02????，??????? l^- s．f? ?? v?? ?? ? ． ? ，， ? l^- s．。 -m．1? gm)? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? O O O O O O O ? ?r -^? {； ； ? ? ? m ? O O O O 0 O O gz ?2? ???：???????????、???????????? 467 ???．?????????????????， ????????????????????? ???c l?．???????????????? ???????????，??POD、APX ?[ 10, 17]．????，??????????pH?， ????????????????????? ?、?????????????????，?? ??????pH?．?K????????? ??，??????????????[ 181． ?N、P、K???????????．??? ?????????，????????．??? ???，???????、??、???????? ??????，?????????????，? ???????????，?????????? ?????[ 1?．?????????????? ??，???????????、????、??? ????、???????????．????? ????，??????????，?????? ????????????，????????? ??[ 1] ．?K????????????，??? ??????????，??????????? ?，????????，???[ 181． ?????????????????，?? ???30 d?????．?N???????? ?????????????(?????)?? ?????[ 1?．?????????????? ????????????．????????? ??ADP???????，????????? ???????．?????????????? ????????，?P?????????? ????????????????????[ 1] ． 至???营????????????，???? ???????．?????????????? ?( ???????????)??????[ 3] ． ?P???，????????????? ??????，???致．?????????? P???????????[20。．??P?致?? ??????????????????．?N ??????????，??????????， ????????????????(?N?? ???????) [ 2?．?K???????，?? ?????????，F?／F?、F?7／Fm7?①PsⅡ? ??????，???????K?????? ??????????．??????????K ??????????，??????????? ???，????????，??????[ 2“2?． ???????????10 d???，???? ???????，?????????????I I ????????．?????K?????? ??????(NPQ)??，??????K?? ???????，???????[ 181．????? ???????，???????NPQ???． ?????，???????致???，???? ????????????????．????? ??????????，??????????? 80％??，?????????．??，????? ????????????????????，? ?????????????????????， ??????．?????????(???K? ???)，????????????． ????： E13 Theodor ou ME，Pi l axt on WC Adapt at i ons of pl ant r es pi r a t ory met abol i sm t O nut r i t i on al phos phat e dep? r i va t i on[ C] ／／Smi r noff N．Envi r onment and pl ant met abol i sm：f l exi bi l i t y and ac cl ima t i on．Oxford：Bi oa Sci enti f i c Pub l i sher s，1995：79． [ 2] Wang YH，Gar vi n DF，Kochi an L V．Ni t r at e- i n- duced genes i n t oma t o r oot s．Ar ray anal y si s r eveal s novel gene s t hat may pl a y a r ol e i n ni t r oge n nut r i t i on ?]．Pl ant Physi ol，2001，127：345． [ 3]?韬，??，???，?．??????????? ??? 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