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随便看看就可以Arg提纲

2011-04-14 39页 pdf 716KB 15阅读

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随便看看就可以Arg提纲 1 ARGUMENT1-The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products. "Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where reside...
随便看看就可以Arg提纲
1 ARGUMENT1-The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products. "Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsville's schoolchildren are required to participate in a 'fitness for life' program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age." (想当然) 1. 运动鞋和运动衣销量很好,并不可以说明人们喜欢运动,有可能是穿运动鞋和运动衣是那里的一个时尚,或者它们的价格 比较便宜,质量又好,所以人们都穿它们。 2. 当地的俱乐部生意很好,也并不可以说明人们喜欢运动。有可能那里只有唯一的一个俱乐部,其它的活动场所都比较少, 人们没有地方去了,只好去那里,当成一个交友和打发时间的场所,并不主要是为了运动。 3. 学生们参加了健康,这个计划只是强调从小开始进行规律的运动有助于身体健康,但是并没有强调吃健康食品的重要 性,所以还是不具备说服力。 ARGUMENT2-The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deer haven Acres to all homeowners in Deer haven Acres. "Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deer haven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and house painting." (类比错误) 1. 导致 B 房子升值的原因并不是只由风格统一这一个原因的。有可能是,B 地气候环境很好,旅游业有了很大的发展之后, 房价升值的。 2. 就算是由于统一风格使 B 地的房子升值,可能是由于那里的人比较喜欢统一风格的建筑,同样的情况未必适合 A 地,作 者没有说明 A 地人的生活习惯和爱好,有可能刚好相反,A 地的人们喜欢有个性的住宅风格。 3. 作者并没有其它可以导致 A 地房价上升的原因,比如导地理位置,气候,当地的经济,所以 A 地要具体分析自己的 情况,再决定风格。 ARGUMENT3-The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis. "In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15% over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work." (对比得结论) 1. 去年大公司的人数三年下降了 15%,并不能说学生不愿意去大公司,有可能这三年大公司已经不需要那么多人,不能提 供很多的就业岗位。与此同时,一些新的小公司则可以提供很多的岗位,解决了毕业生的就业问题。这个问题也不可以 说明同学不去大公司的原因是因为大公司没有满足他们的成就感。 2. 对 leading law school 一年级学生的调查并不能说明问题。因为他们的观点并不能代所有 law school 同学的观点。 同时也不可以说明小公司可以满足学生的成就感,而大公司则不可以。 3. 作者没有给出证据来说明增加工资,减少工作时间,可以使得大公司招收来更多的员工。作者也没有说明在 M 城市导致 大公司员工下降的原因,比如虐待员工的事情。ill treat the employees ARGUMENT4 "Of the two leading real estate firms in our town---Adams Realty and Fitch Realty---Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams." (对比得结论) 1. A 有 40 个代理,F 有 25 个代理,而且大多数都是兼职,并不能说明 A 强于 F。作者并没有给出 A 有多少兼职的代理,也 没有给出证据说明 A 的效率比 F 高。所以可以假定,虽然 F 只有 25 个代理,而且很多都是兼职,但是他们的工作效率很 高,而 A 的工作效率不如 F 高,所以 A 并不强于 F。 2. 去年 A 的收入是 F 的两倍,并且平均售房的价格要比 F 的高。作者只给出了去年的数据,一年的数据并没有很大的说服 力,也许在之前的几年,A 的收入远远落后于 F。出售的平均价格也不能说明 A 强于 F,房子的出售价格由房子的本身质 量,地理位置等等因素决定,和公司的业务水平并没有很大关系。 3. 两个房子的对比,也不能说明 A 强于 F。因为两个房子本身也有差异,去年很快卖掉的房子也许比 10 年以前卖掉的好很 多,还有 10 以前和去年的市场情况也有了很大的变化,也许 10 年以前人们都不愿意到 estate firm 来买房子,而现在 都喜欢了。 ARGUMENT5-The following appeared in the business section of a newspaper. “Given that the number of people in our country with some form of arthritis is expected to rise from 40 million to 60 million over the next twenty years, pharmaceutical companies that produce drugs for the treatment of arthritis should 2 be very profitable. Many analysts believe that in ten years Becton Pharmaceuticals, which makes Xenon, the best-selling drug treatment for arthritis, will be the most profitable pharmaceutical company. But the patent of Xenon expires in three years, and other companies will then be able to produce a cheaper version of the drug. Thus, it is more likely that in ten years the most profitable pharmaceutical company will be Perkins Pharmaceuticals, maker of a new drug called Xylan, which clinical studies show is preferred over Xenon by seven out of ten patients suffering from the most extreme cases of arthritis.”(对比得结论) 1. 没有证据表明在 patent 过期之后,其它公司可以研究出更廉价的治疗关节炎的产品来。同时也没有证据显示,B 公司在 patent 过期之后没有能力研究出更好的产品来。或许 B 公司在 patent 过期之后还可以研究出更好的产品来。 2. 作者对 XY 在临床上的实验并没有进行详细的说明,所以很难说 XY 很好。作者没有给出样本数量,和实验进行的条件, 以及病人的情况等等,因此得出 XY 很好,是没有道理的。 3. 即便 P 公司的产品在临床上实验,得到了很好的结果,但并不能表明 P 公司的产品可以给 P 公司带来很高的利润。(效果 好?=利润高)有可能新产品成本很高,利润空间并不大。 ARGUMENT6-The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe. "A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe's jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is 'Jazz Nightly,' which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money."(乱提建议) 1. 作者说有 100,000 的人去参加了 jazz festival,但是作者并没有说明这些人的详细信息,比如这些人都是外地来的, 都是外地的 jazz fans 而本地的 fans 很少。 2. 很多知名的 jazz 创作者在这个城市,但是并没有给出他们现在的情况,如果他们已经老了,或者已经不写歌,或者改行 了,或者他们的歌已经不受欢迎了,没有相应的调查,这个数据对公司来说是没有意义的。 3. 作者只是说明了全国的平均水平,并没有调查当地 jazz fans 的情况,只是说明了一个 jazz 的广播节目收听率很高,但 是作者并没有具体说明其原因,有可能是主持人的主持风格,大家很喜欢,并不是喜欢 jazz,即便是喜欢 jazz 但是作 者没有说明这些歌迷的消费方式,比如他们主要是买唱片,杂志,和去参加音乐会,但是一般不去俱乐部,那么这样开 俱乐部照样不能赚钱。 ARGUMENT7-The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper. "In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved."(对比得结论) 结论:选举应该选 A,而不选 B。 1. 建立工厂是以前的两倍,污染水平升高,并不能代表 B 不保护环境。环境恶化了,是不是由于建立工厂直接导致的,可 能是由于机动车增加了,等因素,并不能说明是工厂污染所造成的。同时作者并没有给出建立的工厂的具体情况,有可 能是环保工厂,并不产生污染。 2. 当地医院的呼吸道病人增多 25%,作者并没有说明是由于环境污染导致的,有可能是气候原因,或者人们的体质在下降 等因素造成的。 3. A 是 Good Earth Coalition 的成员,并不代表 A 就会保护环境,没有给出明确的证据。或许 A 在保护环境方面只是在做 理论方面的研究,并没有实际的经验,所以不具备能力。 ARGUMENT8-The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc. “Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of a snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country.”(胡乱建议题) 结论:建议 O 公司把 M 公司买下来,并在全国推广 D 产品。 理由:M 公司主要生产 snack foods,M 公司去年利润增长 20%,其中很畅销的 D 产品的销量在过去三年,每年都有增长。O 公司产品的对象是 14-25 的人群,而这个人群是消费 snack foods 的主要人群。 1. 作者没有给出以前 M 公司的利润状况,去年利润增长 20%不能说明其有潜力,有可能前几年公司一直亏本,但是去年有 所好转,在原来的基础上上升了 20%,但是其利润还是不高。 2. D 产品销量连续三年都很好,也不能说明其很有潜力。很有可能 D 产品是该公司的一个非盈利产品,也就是说,D 产品以 其物优价廉的优势在同类产品中取得了优势,但是其利润并不客观。 3. 14-25 的年轻人是 snack food 的主要消费群体,但是作者并没有给出,这些年轻人主要消费的是哪个公司生产的 snack food,所以可能 O 公司出产的 snack food 并不受这个群体的欢迎。 ARGUMENT9-The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University. "Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at 3 getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors."(胡乱联系) 结论:停止教授评估制度,以保证学生的就业。 理由:实行教授评估制度之后,学生的成绩开始上升,用人单位怀疑成绩的真实性,不肯要学生。 1. 作者说自从实行了教授评估制度以后,学生的成绩普遍上升,则认为构成因果。但没有给出明确的证据。导致学生成绩 上升的原因也有很多,比如生源,教授的素质,教学方法等等。 2. 作者也是再假定用人单位觉得成绩是假的,并没有给出证据说明用人单位已经开始怀疑,或者是导致学生就业困难的直 接原因就是这个。所以有可能学生自身的素质也影响了就业,比如动手能力,团队精神,社会实践等等。 3. 作者没有说明教师评估政策的优点,比如该政策促使了老师更好的教学,发挥了老师和学生的主动性等等 ARGUMENT10-The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper. "The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers."(胡乱建议题) 结论:建议规范牛奶价格。 理由:牛场数目比 10 年以前增长 20%,牛奶价格也由以前的 1.5/加仑,涨到 3/加仑。 1. 牛场数目和牛奶价格的增长并不能说明农民通过牛奶可以得到暴利。作者并没有给出这方面的数据,所以可以假定,现 在的人口比 10 年以前大大增加了,对牛奶的需要也大大增加,所以牛场的数目也增多,而且物价和人民的收入都较 10 年以前有了很大的提高,所以牛奶价格的涨价也是合理的,农民并没有从中汲取暴利。 2. 没有证据显示目前的牛奶市场很混乱,价格浮动很大,给市民的生活带了了影响,同时也影响了农民的生活。 3. 就算是农民从牛奶中汲取暴利,也没有证据表明那么政府对牛奶价格的规范,会使市民和农民两方面都受利,也有可能 只保全了一方的利益。作者也没有考虑是否还有其它的办法来控制牛奶的价格,比如牛奶厂家之间的合理竞争等。 Argument11-The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of West Egg. "Two years ago, our consultants predicted that West Egg's landfill, which is used for garbage disposal, would be completely filled within five years. During the past two years, however, town residents have been recycling twice as much aluminum and paper as they did in previous years. Next month the amount of material recycled should further increase, since charges for garbage pickup will double. Furthermore, over ninety percent of the respondents to a recent survey said that they would do more recycling in the future. Because of our residents' strong commitment to recycling, the available space in our landfill should last for considerably longer than predicted." 结论:由于垃圾的回收,认为垃圾坑的利用会比预期的时间长。 理由:在过去两年,市民回收铝和纸的量是前几年的两倍。下个月垃圾采集费用会翻一翻。一项调查显示,超过 90%的居民愿意 自己回收更多的垃圾。 1. 过去两年市民回收铝和纸,这两样垃圾是过去的两倍。作者并没有给出过去市民回收铝和纸的量,所以无法断定两倍到 底能比以前好到哪里去。或许过去几年,市民几乎不回收铝和纸,而现在才开始回收,两倍相对于所有垃圾中的铝和纸 来讲是一个非常小的数目。就算现在市民已经可以大量回收铝和纸,那么铝和纸的量占所有垃圾的量是多少,作者并没 有给出数据。所以这个不足以说明问题。 2. 作者认为由于下个月用在垃圾收集上的费用会增加,所以垃圾重复利用量也会增加。但是作者忽视了有些垃圾是可以重 复利用的,而有些不能。虽然增加垃圾收集的费用会促进垃圾的回收,但是如果市民以前在垃圾回收方面都做得很好, 增加垃圾收集的费用并不可以增加垃圾的利用量。显然这点也是不能说明问题的。 3. 调查显示 90%居民表示会在以后回收更多的垃圾,但是这点也不可以说明问题。因为除了生活垃圾以外还有工业垃圾, 作者并没有给出工业垃圾的回收状况。 4. :作者还需提供目前的垃圾有多少是可以回收的,生活垃圾中市民可以回收的量又是多少?工业垃圾是怎么处理的。 Argument12-The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Alta Manufacturing. "During the past year, Alta Manufacturing had thirty percent more on-the-job accidents than nearby Panoply Industries, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts believe that a significant contributing factor in many on-the-job accidents is fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Alta and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that our employees will get adequate amounts of sleep."(类比) 结论:A 公司也要学习 P 公司,对每个班减少 1 小时 理由:A 公司的事故比 P 公司多 30%,是因为 P 公司采用了这个方法;专家说大多数事故是由于工作人员的疲劳所造成的。 1. P 公司的事故比 A 少 30%,是不是只有这一个原因?作者没有给出证据,那么有可能有别的因素,比如工作环境相对 A 来说本身就很安全,还有设备因素等等。 2. 专家说出事故的大多原因是因为员工疲劳,但是作者没有给出 A 公司出事故的具体原因。所以有可能是操作的环境,使 用的机器,以及本来车间就存在的一些安全问题。 3. 即便导致 A 公司出事故的原因是员工疲劳,那么减少了 3 小时的工作时间后,是否还可以增加生产力呢,也没有这方面 的数据来论证。是不是有更好的办法,比如增加倒班的班数,减少倒班的时间,保证总的工作时间,以此来保证生产力。 Argument13-The following appeared in a memo from the owner of Green Thumb Gardening Center, a small business serving a suburban town. "There is evidence that consumers are becoming more and more interested in growing their own -vegetables. A national survey conducted last month indicated that many consumers were dissatisfied with the quality of fresh 4 vegetables available in supermarkets. And locally, the gardening magazine Great Gardens has sold out at the Village News stand three months in a row. Thus, we at Green Thumb Gardening Center can increase our profits by greatly expanding the variety of vegetable seeds we stock for gardeners this coming spring."(乱提建议) 结论:消费者对自己种蔬菜越来越感兴趣,所以大量扩大蔬菜种子存储可以使公司盈利。 理由:调查显示很多消费者对超市的蔬菜不感兴趣。一个园艺杂志连续三个月脱销。 1. 全国调查显示很多消费者对超市的蔬菜不满意。但是作者并没有给出不满意的原因,所以消费者对超市的蔬菜不满意有 可能是价格因素,比如超市的蔬菜太贵,使得他们都不满意。所以不足以说明消费者对自己种蔬菜越来越感兴趣。 2. 一个园艺杂志连续脱销在 V 地脱销,但是作者并没有给出这个杂志的在 V 地的发行量,很有可能该杂志发行量本来就很 少,所以出现脱销的情况是很正常的。即便是发行量客观,作者只给出了在 V 地的销售情况,并没有给出其它地方的销 售情况,所以有可能 V 地的人大多数是农民,靠种菜生活,而该杂志提供了很好的种菜常识和技巧,所以畅销。因此这 一点不足以说明消费者对自己种蔬菜越来越感兴趣。 3. 即便消费者对自己种蔬菜越来越感兴趣,那么作者并没有给出数据显示有多少消费者有自己种菜的这个客观条件,比如 土地,时间等等因素。如果绝大部分消费者都没有自己种菜的条件,那么囤积大量的蔬菜种子不会使公司收益的。 4. 总结:作者的推理没有可信度。作者需要给出人们对超市蔬菜不满意的原因,以及有多少人喜欢自己种蔬菜并且有条件 自己种蔬菜,以及由此带来的利润分析。 Argument14-The following appeared in a newsletter offering advice to investors. "Over 80 percent of the respondents to a recent survey indicated a desire to reduce their intake of foods containing fats and cholesterol, and today low-fat products abound in many food stores. Since many of the food products currently marketed by Old Dairy Industries are high in fat and cholesterol, the company's sales are likely to diminish greatly and their profits will no doubt decrease. We therefore advise Old Dairy stockholders to sell their shares and other investors not to purchase stock in this company."(乱提建议) 结论:建议 Old Dairy stockholders 赶快卖掉自己的股份,其它投资者也不要入股进来。 理由:80%的调查者表示要减少含有脂肪和胆固醇食品的摄入量,而且超市里面也有很多低脂肪的食品。Old Dairy 在食品届占了 很大的市场但是它生产的食品都是高脂肪和胆固醇的,所以它的销量会大大降低,利润不会再增加。 1. 80%的调查者表示希望减少含有脂肪和胆固醇食品的摄入量,但是作者并没有给出在这些人中实际摄入的食品中低脂肪 和胆固醇的食品占有多少,所以有可能他们希望减少含有脂肪和胆固醇食品的摄入量,但是他们所摄入的高脂肪和胆固 醇食品还是占所摄入食品的很大部分。所以不可以说明高脂肪和胆固醇食品的销量不好。 2. 超市里已经有很多低脂肪和胆固醇食品,并不能说明这些食品的上架使得高脂肪和胆固醇食品销量下降。由于作者没有 给出低脂肪和胆固醇食品的销售占所有食品销售的比例,所以不能说明低脂肪和胆固醇食品很畅销。 3. 即便是人们现在改变了饮食结构,开始吃低脂肪和胆固醇食品,但是作者并没有给出明确的证据说明 Old Dairy 不可能 生产出低脂肪和胆固醇食品,所以有可能 O 公司通过调查,改变生产策略,生产低脂肪和胆固醇食品,得到更多的利润。 这样股东也可以收益。 4. 总结:作者需要进一步给出目前低脂肪和胆固醇食品的销量占所有食品销量的比例,以及 O 公司最近几年的盈利状况。 Argument15-The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper from a citizen of the state of Impecunious. "Two years ago our neighboring state, Lucria, began a state lottery to supplement tax revenues for education and public health. Today, Lucria spends more per pupil than we do, and Lucria's public health program treats far more people than our state's program does. If we were to establish a state lottery like the one in Lucria, the profits could be used to improve our educational system and public health program. The new lottery would doubtless be successful, because a survey conducted in our capital city concludes that citizens of Impecunia already spend an average of $50 per person per year on gambling." 结论:建立抽彩项目,增加收入,用于教育和保健。 理由:L 城市采用该项目补充税收,用于教育和医疗,现在的情况比我们好。在首都的调查显示即使是贫困的人也会每年抽出 50 美金用于买彩票。 1. L 城市的医疗条件得到改善,但是作者没有给出 L 城市之前医疗的情况,或许 L 城市之前的医疗情况就比我们好,抽彩 项目并没有给它们的医疗带来很多的好处。 2. 在首都的调查结果不足以说明问题,作者没有给出当地的调查结果,或许当地人都不喜欢买彩票,那么这项计划也不会 成功。 3. 即便是当地的人很拥护这个项目,喜欢买彩票,但是彩票带来的收入能够使教育和医疗得到改善吗?有可能当地的医疗 和教育调剂比较差,需要投入的资金很多,然而彩票带来的收入不足以改善这些,所以这项计划是否可以成功作者不能 说服我。 4. 总结:作者需要提供当地人有多少人喜欢买彩票的,以及当地的医疗和教育现状。 Argument16-the following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Walnut Grove town newspaper. "Walnut Grove's town council has advocated switching from EZ Disposal (which has had the contract for trash collection services in Walnut Grove for the past ten years) to ABC Waste, because EZ recently raised its monthly fee from $2,000 to $2,500 a month, whereas ABC's fee is still $2,000. But the town council is mistaken; we should continue using EZ. EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC collects only once. Moreover, EZ---which, like ABC, currently has a fleet of 20 trucks---has ordered additional trucks. Finally, EZ provides exceptional service: 80 percent of respondents to last year's town survey agreed that they were 'satisfied' with EZ's performance."(建议+类比) 结论:建议仍然采用 E 公司。 理由:E 公司一个周收两次垃圾,A 公司才收一次。E 公司比 A 公司多 20 辆卡车。80%的调查者表示对 E 公司的服务很满意。 1. E 公司每周收两次垃圾,但是作者并没有给出具体的证据说明 W 镇需要每个周来收两次垃圾,有可能居民人数和工厂数目 5 都比较少,一周收一次垃圾就足够了。所以每周收两次垃圾并不能说服我使用 E 公司。 2. E 公司还有 20 辆备用卡车,这点并不能说明问题。作者并没有说明这 20 辆卡车都是用来收垃圾的,即便都是用来收垃圾 的,那么在 M 镇收垃圾的时候是否需要这么多卡车呢,作者也没有给出数据。 3. 调查中 80%的被调查者表示对去年的 E 公司的服务满意,但是作者并没有给出前几年的调查数据,有可能前几年一直都 不满意,只有去年满意。就算是 E 公司一直服务很好,那么作者也没有证据来说明如果采用 A 公司就会使服务水平下降。 4. 总结:作者还需要进一步给出证据说明采用了 A 公司不可以满足 M 镇垃圾回收的需要,而采用 E 公司才可以满足。 Argument 18-The following appeared in an editorial in a Prunty County newspaper. "In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County recently lowered its speed limit from 55 miles per hour to 45 on all major county roads. But the 55 mph limit should be restored, because this safety effort has failed. Most drivers are exceeding the new speed limit and the accident rate throughout Prunty County has decreased only slightly. If we want to improve the safety of our roads, we should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths and resurfacing rough roads. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago."(类比+建议) 结论:建议通过改变路面情况来减少交通事故。 理由:P 城市限速到 45mph 但是事故发生率仍然很高。B 城市采用拓宽路面和平整路面的办法,限速到 55mph 事故发生减少。 1. 作者并没有给出具体的资料说明现在 P 城市高速路的路面情况,如果路面情况很好,事故都是由于超速造成的,那么限 速是一个很好的办法。所以作者在没有给出这些资料的情况下不可以说服我。 2. 5 年前 B 城市采用该办法降低了交通事故,但是作者同样没有给出 5 年以前 B 城市的路面情况,以及造成 B 城市交通事 故的原因。有可能造成 B 城市交通事故的原因正是因为路面情况不好,而 B 城市又针对这一点改善,使情况得到缓解, 是很好的办法,同样的办法不一定适合 P 城市。 3. 总结:作者需要给出现在 P 城市的路面状况,以及 P 城市事故多发的原因,还有 5 年以前 B 城市的路面状况。 Argument 19-The following appeared in a letter from the manager of a rock band named Double Rice. "One year ago, tickets for Double Rice's concerts in stadiums around the country took, on average, at least 24 hours to sell out, if they sold out at all. But the band has been enjoying a surge in nationwide popularity among 14 to 25 year olds, and the 30,000 tickets for a recent concert in Megalopolis sold out in 12 minutes. Clearly the ticket sales in Megalopolis are a result both of the band's increased popu
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