2021年bec高级真题

Text1Reading1hourPARTONEQuestions1–8Lookatthestatementsbelowandatthefivereportsaboutcompaniesontheoppositepagefromanarticlegivingadvicetoself-employedconsultantsaboutnegotiatingfeesfortheirservices.Whichbook(A，B，C,DorE)doseeachstatement1–8referto?Foreachstatement1–8，makeoneletter(A，B，C,DorE)onyourAnswerSheet.Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.Example:Lackofself-confidencewillputyouatadisadvantageinanegotiation.0ABCDEThiscompanyhasbeeninvolvedindiversifyingitsbusinessactivities.Althoughthiscompanyisdoingwell，ithasanumberofinternaldifficultiestodealwithThiscompanyhasreducedtheprofitsitmakesonindividualitemsOnestatisticisalessaccurateguidetothiscompany’sperformancethananotherTheconditionswhichhavehelpedthiscompanyarelikelytobelessfavourableinthefutureThiscompany’ssharepricehasbeenextremelyvolatileoverthelasttwelvemonthsThiscompanyislikelytobethesubjectofatakeoverbidinthenearfutureThiscompany’sperformanceexemplifiesawidelyheldbeliefAChemicalCompanyMasterson’sinterimpre-taxprofitsgrowthof20%wassomewhatinflatedasaresultoftheincomereceivedfromthedisposalofseveralofthecompany’ssubsidiaries.Theunderlying8%riseinoperatingprofitsisamorerealisticgaugeofthecompany’strueprogress.However，Masterson’simpendingmergerwithBentleyandKnightanditsappointmentofanewchiefexecutiveshouldmeanthatthecompanywillbeabletosustaingrowthfortheforeseeablefuture.Thesharepricehasvariedlittleduringthecourseoftheyearandnowstandsat￡6.758BHotelGroupDuringthepastyeartheBowdenHotelGrouphasacquired77newproperties，thusdoublinginsize.lastweekthegroupreportedpre-taxprofitsof￡88millioninthefirstsixmonthsoftheyear，aheadofexpectationsandhelpedbyastrongperformancefromitsLondon-basedhotelsandnewlyexpandedUSbusiness.However.Thereisstillsomewaytogo.Integrationofthenewacquisitionsisstillnotcompleteand，whilethesharepricehasrisenrecently，majorproblemswithintegrationhaveyettobesolved.2CHigh-techCompanyThistimelastyearashareinUsertechwasworthjustover￡1.sixmonthsagoitwasworth￡40.todayitispricedatunder￡8.ifproofwereneed，hereisanillustrationofhowmuchofalotterythetechnologymarketcanbe.ButsometechnologycompaniesarefightingbackandUsertechisoneofthem.WhathasrenewedexcitementinthecompanyistheopeningofitsnewAmericanofficesinDallasanditsambitiousplanstoexpanditsuserbaseinbothNorthandLatinAmerica.DBuildingCompanyRenton’ssharepricehasrisengraduallyoverthepastyearfrom￡2.4to￡3.8.Thecompanyhasbeensuccessfulinchoosingprimelocationforitsbuildingsandhasbenefitedfromthebuoyantdemandforhousing.Whilstthisdemandisexpectedtoslowdownsomewhatduringthenextyear，investorsareencouragedbythecompany’sdecisiontomoveintobuildingsupermarkets.WorkhasalreadybegunontwositesinLondon，andthecompanyisexpectedtosignacontractwithinthenextmonthforbuildingfourlargesupermarketsinScotland.EPotteryManufacturerMiltonDisheshasbeenthroughashake-upoverthepastyear.Thegroup，whichhasbeencuttingmarginsandimprovingmarketing，maypostasmallprofitthisyear.ThemanymembersoftheMiltonfamily，whobetweenthemown58percentofthebusiness，havebeenwatchingthesharepricerisesteadilyandseveralarelookingtosell.TraderivalRuskinhasboughtupjustover17percentofthesharesandcouldwellbespurredintofurtheractionbythesignsofarecoveryatthefirm.PARTTWOQuestions9–14Readthetextaboutcareer-planningservices.Choosethebestsentencefromtheoppositepagetofilleachofthegaps.Foreachgap9–14，markoneletter(A-H)onyourAnswerSheet.Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning.(0)YourCareerPathCanLeadYouAnywhereWeusedtobeadvisedtoplanourcareers.Weweretoldtomakeaplanduringthelaterstagesofoureducationandcontinuewithitthroughourworkinglives.(0)_____somepeoplestillseecareersinthisway.However，topursueasingleoptionforlifehasalwaysbeenunrealistic.Planningforasinglecareerassumesthatwesetoutwithafullunderstandingofourlikesanddislikesandtheemploymentopportunitiesopentous.(9)____Formostpeoplethisdegreeofcertaintyaboutthefuturedoesnotexist.Ourinitialchoiceofcareerpathandemployerisoftenbasedoninadequateknowledgeandfalseperceptions.Butwithageandexperience，wedevelopnewinterestsandaptitudesandourprioritiesalter.Thestructureoftheemploymentmarketand，indeedofemploymentitself，issubjecttochangeasbothnewtechnologiesandnewworksystemsareintroduced(10)_____Wemustfacetheuncertaintiesofaportfoliocareer.Itisclearfromtherecentpastthatwecannotforeseethechangeswhichwillaffectourworkinglives.Thepaceofchangeisaccelerating，asaresultofwhichtraditionalcareerplanswillbeofverylimiteduse.(11)_____Theywillneedupdatingtoreflectchangesinourowninterestsaswellasintheexternalworkenvironment.Flexibleworkersalreadyaccountforabouthalftheworkforce.(12)______Wearelikelytofaceperiodsascontractworkers，self-employedfreelances，consultants，tempsorpart-timers.Manyemployersencouragestafftowriteapersonaldevelopmentdevelopment(PDP)(13)Althoughsomepeopleuseitonlytoreviewtheskillsneededfortheirjob，aPDPcouldbethenucleusofwidercareerplan–settingoutalternativelong-termlearningneedsandaplanofself-development.AreportissuedbytheInstituteofEmploymentStudiesadvisespeopletoenhancetheiremployabilitybymovingfromtraditionaltechnicalskillstowardstheattainmentofarangeoftransferableskills.(14)Instead，specialschemesshouldbeestablishedtoencouragepeopletoexaminetheireffectivenessandtoconsiderawiderrangeofneeds.0ABCDEFGHAThisdualeffectmeansthattherelationshipbetweenemployersandworkershasevolvedtosuchandextentthatwecannolongerexpectalong-termrelationshipwithoneemployer.B.Itcarriesanimplicitassumptionthatweourselves，andthejobsweenter，willchangelittleduringourworkinglives.C.Thisgrowthsuggeststhatacareerplanshouldnotbeexpressedonlyintermsoffull-timeemploymentbutshouldmakeprovisionforthepossibilityofbecomingoneofthe.Dthisisasummaryofone’spersonallearningneedsandanactionplantomeetthem.EConsequently，theymustnowaccommodateanumberofobjectivesandenableustoprepareforeachonacontingencybasis.FHowever，itwarnsthatemployersoftenidentifytrainingneedsthroughformalappraisals，whichtaketoonarrowaviewofdevelopment.G.Suchafreelanceofconsultantwouldbeconstantlyindemand.HWewereexpectedtoworktowardsthatonecleargoalandtoconsideracareerchangeasabadthing.PARTTHREEQuestions15–20Readthefollowingarticleonnegotiatingtechniquesandthequestionontheoppositepage.Foreachquestion15–20，markoneletter(A，B，CorD)onyourAnswerSheetfortheansweryouchoose.TheNegotiatingTable:Youcannegotiatevirtuallyanything.Projects，resources，expectationsanddeadlinesarealloutcomesofnegotiation.Somepeoplenegotiatedealsforaliving.DrHerbCohenisoneoftheseprofessionaltalkers，calledinbycompaniestonegotiateontheirbehalf.Heapproachestheartofnegotiationasagamebecause，asheisusuallynegotiatingforsomebodyelse，hesaysthishelpshimdraintheemotionalcontentfromhisconversation.Heisworkinginacompetitivefieldandneedstoavoidbeingtooadversarial.Whetherhesucceedsornot，itisimportanttohimtomakeagoodimpressionsothatpeoplewillrecommendhim.Thestartingpointforanydeal，hebelieves，istoidentifyexactlywhatyouwantfromeachother.Moreoftenthannot，onepartywillbetryingtopersuadetheotherroundtotheirpointofview.Negotiationrequirestwopeopleattheendsaying‘yes”.Thiscanbeaproblembecauseoneofthemusuallybeginsbysaying“no”.However，althoughthiscanmaketalksmoredifficult，thisisoftenjustastartingpointinthenegotiationgame.Topmanagementmaywellrejecttheideainitiallybecauseitisthesaferoptionbuttheywouldnotbethereiftheywerenotinterested.Itisamisconceptionthatskillednegotiatorsaresmoothoperatorsinsmartsuits.DrCohensaysthatoneofhisstrategiesistodressdownsothattheothersidecanrelatetoyou.Pitchyourlooktosuityourcustomer.Youdonotneedtomakethemfeelbetterthanyoubut，Forexample，dressinginastylethatisnotovertlyexpensiveorsuccessfulwillmakeyoumoreapproachable.Peoplewillgenerallyfeelmorecomfortablewithsomebodywhoappearstobelikethemratherthansuperiortothem.Theymaynotlikeyoubuttheywillfeeltheycantrustyou.DrCohensuggeststhatthebestwaytosellyourproposalisbygettingintotheworldoftheotherside.Askquestionsratherthangiveanswersandtakeaninterestinwhattheotherpersonissaying，evenifyouthinkwhattheyaresayingissilly.Youdonotneedtobecometheirbestfriendsbutbeingtoocleverwillalienatethem.Alotofdealsaremadeonimpressions.Donotrushwhatyouaresaying---putafewhesitationsin，donottrytoblindthemwithyourverbaldexterity.Also，youshouldrepeatbacktothemwhattheyhavesaidtoshowyoutakethemseriously.Inevitablysomedealswillnotsucceed.Generallythelongerthenegotiationsgoon，thebetterchancetheyhavebecausepeopledonotwanttothinktheirinvestmentandenergieshavegonetowaste.However，jointventurecanmeanjointriskandsometimes，ifthisbecomestoogreat，neitherpartymaybepreparedtoseethedealthrough.Morecommonisacorporatecultureclashbetweencompanies，whichcanputpaidtoanydeal.Evenhavingagreedadeal，thingsmaynotbetiedupquicklybecausewhenthelawyersgetinvolved，everythinggetssloweddownastheyargueaboutsmalldetails.DeCohenthinksthatchildrenarethemastersofnegotiation.Theirgoalsaretotallyselfish.Theyunderstandthedecision-makingprocesswithinfamiliesperfectly.IfMumrefusestheirrequest，theywilltroopalongtoDadandpressurehim.Ifalelsefails，theywilltrythegrandparents，usingsomeemotionalblackmail.Theycanalsobeverysingle-mindedandhaveaninexhaustiblesupplyofenergyforthecausetheyarepursuing.Sotherearelessontobelearnedfromwatchingandlisteningtochildren.15DrCohentreatsnegotiationasagameinordertoAputpeopleateaseBremaindetachedCbecompetitiveDimpressrivals16Manypeoplesay“no”toasuggestioninthebeginningtoAconvincetheotherpartyoftheirpointofviewBshowtheyarenotreallyinterestedCindicatetheywishtotaketheeasyoptionDprotecttheircompany’ssituation17DrCohensaysthatwhenyouaretryingtonegotiateyoushouldAadaptyourstyletothepeopleyouaretalkingtoBmaketheothersidefeelsuperiortoyouCdressinawaytomakeyoufeelcomfortable.Dtrytomaketheothersidelikeyou18AccordingtoDrCohen，understandingtheotherpersonwillhelpyoutoAgaintheirfriendshipBspeedupthenegotiationsCplanyournextmove.Dconvincethemofyourpointofview19DealssometimesfailbecauseAnegotiationshavegoneontoolongBthecompaniesoperateindifferentwaysConepartyrisksmorethantheother.Dthelawyersworktooslowly20DrCohenmentionschildren’snegotiationtechniquestoshowthatyoushouldAbepreparedtotryeveryrouteBtrynottomakepeoplefeelguiltyCbecarefulnottoexhaustyourselfDcontrolthedecision-makingprocess.PARTFOURQuestions21-30Readthearticlebelowaboutthemethodssomecompaniesarenowusingforrecruitment.Choosethecorrectwordtofilleachgapfrom(A，B，CorD)ontheoppositepage.Foreachquestion21-30,markoneletter(A，B，CorD)onyourAnswerSheet.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning，(0)TheScientificApproachtoRecruitmentWhenit(0)toselectingcandidatesthroughinterview，moreoftenthannotthedecisionismadewithinthefirstfiveminutesofameeting.Yetemployersliketo(21)themselvesthattheyarebeingexceptionallythoroughintheirselectionprocesses.Intoday’scompetitivemarketplace，the(22)ofstaffinmanyorganizationsisfundamentaltothecompany’ssuccessand，asaresult，recruitersuseallmeansattheirdisposalto(23)thebestinthefield.Onemethodinparticularthathas(24)inpopularityistesting，eitherpsychometrictesting，whichattemptstodefinepsychologicalcharacteristics，orability￡aptitudetesting(25)anorganizationwithanextrawayofestablishingacandidate’ssuitabilityforarole.It(26)companiestoaddvaluebyidentifyingkeyelementsofapositionandthentestingcandidatestoascertaintheirabilityagainstthoseidentifiedelements.Theemploymentofpsychometricorabilitytestingasone(27)oftherecruitmentprocessmayhavesomemerit，butinrealitythereisnoreal(28)，scientificorotherwise，ofthepotentialfutureperformanceofanyindividual.Theanswertothisproblemisexperienceininterviewtechniquesandstrongdefinitionoftheelementsofeachpositiontobe(29)asthewholerecruitmentprocessisbasedonfewrealcertainties，theinstinctivedecisionsthatmanyemployersmake，basedonaCTandthefirstfiveminutesofameeting，areprobablynolessvalidthananyothertoolemployedinthe(30)ofrecruitment.Example:AhaveBdecideCdoDmake0ABCD21.AsuggestBconvinceCadviseDbelieve22.AworthBcreditCqualityDdistinction23.AsecureBreliesCattainDachieve24.AliftedBenlargedCexpandedDrisen25.AprovidesBoffersCcontributesDgives26.AletsBenablesCagreesDadmits27.AportionBmemberCshareDcomponent28.AextentBsizeCamountDmeasure29.AoccupiedBmetCfilledDappointed30AbusinessBtopicCpointDaffairQuestions31-40PARTFIVEQuestions31-40Readthearticlebelowaboutaveryexpensivenewperfume..Foreachquestion31-40，writeonewordinCAPITALLETTERSonyourAnswerSheet.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning，(0)Sweetsmellofexcess-forjust￡47.874abottleThemarketingsaysitisthe“ultimatesymbolofindulgenceandtrulyimpeccabletaste”.Anewscent，namedV1，has(0)launchedforChristmas-retailingatjust￡47.874.Themakersareproudlypromotingit(31),the“world’smostexpensiveperfume”andareconfidentofsellingthelimitededitionof173bottles-(32)itshouldbeexactly173bottlesisnotmadeclearinthepublicityfortheproduct.Althoughcarefullypricedatjustunderthe￡50.000mark，thisperfumeisclearly(33)somethingforanyonewhoconsiders￡30toomuchtopayforabottleofeau-de-toilette.Those(34)arepotentialcustomerswillcertainlybereassuredtolearnthatacasecoveredinrubiesanddiamondsisincludedfree(35)charge.Purchasersareassuredoffurthersavings，withunlimitedscentrefillsguaranteedindefinitely-atnoextracost.ThefragranceistheideaofArfaqHussain，a27-year-oldclothesdesignerwhofirstmadeaname(36)himselfwithanair-conditionedjackethewasaskedtomakebythesingerMichaelJackson(37)far，MrJacksonistheonlypersonto(38)placedanorder-hewantstwo，accordingtoMrHussain.MrHussainisunconcernedathavingnopreviousexperienceofperfumery.“It’sso(39)morethanaperfume----it’sapieceofjewellery，too.““explainedMrHussain.Heattemptedtodescribethe￡47.874sensation.“itisdelicate，fragrantandquiteunique.Whenyouopenthelid，ittakesyoutotallyaway.It’sjust(40)beingsurroundedbythousandsofwildflowersandroses.PARTSIXQuestions41-52Readthetextbelowaboutteam-basedpayInmostofthelines41-52thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectofdoesnotfitinwiththesenseofthetext.Somelines，however,arecorrect.Ifalineiscorrect，writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.Ifthereisanextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITALLETTERSonyourAnswerSheet.Theexercisebeginswithtwoexamples，(0)and(00).Team-BasedPay0Team-basedpayschemesthathavebeencatchingtheeyeofmodernemployers.00Supporterssaythattheyencouragegroupendeavourandimprove41organizationalperformance.Butsalespeople，typicallythemostself-motivated42ofworkers，theyhavetraditionallybeenrewardedaccordingtoindividual43performance.Soareteam-basedschemessuitable?Thekeyissueis44whetherteam-basedpayismorebeinginlinewiththeorganization’sobjectives45thanpaywhichbasedonindividualachievement.Introducingateampay46schemecanbecomplex.Thebiggestproblemisfordefiningtheteaminthefirst47place.Anotheristhatteampayschemeswon’tworkiftheactionsOfone48individualmakenoimpactonthoseofanother.Youshouldneedatrueteam.49likeafootballteam.Whereallthemembersareinterdependent.Whensalesstaff50canbelessreceptivetoteampayschemesbecausepersonalmotivationcan51beanimportantboosttoperformanceWhattheyneedistheirencouragement52toperceivethatthewidertermofthecompanyoverall：production，administrationanddispatchallaffecteachother.Writing1hour10minutesPartoneQuestion1●ThegraphsbelowshowtheperformanceofaEuropeancountry’smanufacturingandagriculturalSectorsintermsofexportsandimportsbetween1991and.●Usingtheinformationfromthegraphs，writeashortreportdescribingthegeneralmovementsinexports，importsandtheresultingbalanceoftrade●Write120-140wordsParttwo:WriteananswertoONEofthequestions2-4inthispart.Writeyouranswerin200-250words.Question2:●TheManagingDirectorofyourcompanyororganizationhasannouncedthatreportsonperformancearetobeproducedbyalldepartments.YourHearofDepartmenthasaskedyoutoproducethereportaboutyourdepartmentfortheManagingDirector.●WritethereportfortheManagingDirector，explaining:AWhataspectsofyourdepartmentfunctionmosteffectivelyBWhichaspectismostinneedofimprovementCHowthisimprovementcouldbeachievedQuestion3●Youworkforanemploymentagency.Thefollowingispartofaletteryouhavereceivedfromacustomer:Thetemporaryadministrativeassistantyousentuswastotallyunacceptable.IcertainlywillnotbeusingyouragencyagainwhenIneedtemporarystaff.●Writealettertothecustomer:AapologisingforhavingsenttheunsatisfactorytemporaryworkerBgivingreasonsforwhathappenedCexplainingwhywhathappenedwasexceptionalDofferingsomesortofcompensationtothecustomerQuestion4●YourManagingDirectorhasdecidedthatthecompany’swebsiteshouldbeimprovedandhasaskedyoutoconsiderwaysofgoingaboutthis.●WriteaproposalfortheManagingDirector:ASunmarisingthestrengthsandweaknessesthecurrentwebsiteBsuggestingnewservicesandinformationtobeprovidedthroughthewebsiteCexplainingthebenefitstheimprovementswouldbring.ListeningPartone:Question1-12●YouwillhearaconsultantgivingatalktoagroupofUKbusinesspeopleaboutexportingtotheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)●Asyoulisten，forquestions1-12.completethenotes，usinguptothreewordsoranumber.●.Afteryouhavelistenedonce，replaytherecording.ThebusinessMasterClassArrangementsforparticipants1Theeventwilltakeplaceover2Seminarorganizedby3Thetitleofthelastsessionwillbe4TousetheNewCityHotelcarpark，delegatesmustobtainaDrSangalli5DrSangallihasadvisedmany6Thenameofhisconsultancyis7Heistheauthorof8InEurope，heisthebest-knownTheBusinessMasterClass9tobecomemore10toestablishnewTwooutcomesofsession:11designyourown12takeawaydocumentscontainingactualParttwoQuestions13-22●Youwillherefivedifferentbusinesspeopletalkingabouttripstheyhaverecentlybeenon.1314151617AtosupervisestafftrainingBtoholdjobinterviewsCtointroducenewpolicyDtovisitpossiblenewpremisesEtoobserveworkingpracticesFtomeetanewmanagerGtosignanewcontractHtodealwithacomplaintTasktwo-problem●Forquestion18-22，matchtheextractswiththeproblem，listedA–H●Foreachextract，choosetheproblemdescribed●writeoneletter(A-H)nexttothenumberoftheextract1819202122AIforgotadocumentBMyhotelwasnoisyCIwaslateformeeting.DIdidn’tunderstandsomefigures.ETheserviceatmyhotelwasbad.FIhadsomewronginformationGIdidn’thaveaninterpreter.HIexperiencedcomputerproblems.PARTTHREEQuestion23-30.●YouwillhearpartofaconversationbetweenamanagementconsultantandtheHumanResourcesmanagerofJenkins，acompanywhichmanufactureschildren’sclothing.23WhatissaidabouttheownershipofJenkins?Athefounderhassoldthecompanytosomeoneelse.BJenkinshasmergedwithanothercompanyCTherehasbeennochangeofownership.24WhatdoestheHumanResourcesmanagerseeasthemainexternalthreattoJenkins?ATheirretailersarebecominglesswillingtopaytheirprices.BConsumersarebuyingmoretop-of-the-rangechildren’sclothes.CMoreandmorecompaniesareproducingchildren’sclothes.25TheHumanResourcesmanagerseesthecompany’smainstrengthasthefactthatAIthasseverallong-termcontractsBitmakesproductsofhighqualityCitsdistributionsystemisefficient26TheHumanResourcesmanagerbelievesthatJenkins’mainweaknessatpresentisthatAthemachineryisinadequateforcurrentrequirementsBthemanagementstyleisoutoflinewithmoderndemandsCtherelationbetweenmanagementandworkersarepoor.27AccordingtotheHumanResourcesmanager，whydomanymachinistschoosetoleave?ATheythinkthattheycangetbetterpaidworkelsewhere.BTheyfeelthattoomuchisexpectedofthemCTheylackconfidenceinthecompany’future28WhenworkingtoproduceabatchofclothesAeachteamisresponsibleforaparticularoperationBeachmemberoftheteamproducesacompleteitemCeachpersoncarriesoutonepartoftheproductionprocess29.Whatchangehasbeenmadetorangeofgoods?AAsmallernumberofitemsisproducedBEachitemisnowmadeinsmallerquantities.CFewernewstylesareintroducedeachyear.30Whatissaidaboutthemachinists?AMoreoftheirworkisfallingbelowtherequiredstandard.BSomeofthemareearninglessthantheyusedto.CTheyhavetospendlongerlearningtooperatenewmachines.ThatistheendoftheListeningtest.YounowhavetenminutestotransferyouranswersSpeaking16minutesPartone:Inthispart，theinterlocutorasksquestiononanumberofwork-relatedandnon-workrelatedsubjectstoeachcandidateinturn.Youhavetogiveinformationaboutyourselfandexpresspersonalopinions.ParttwoThecandidatechoosesonetopicandspeaksaboutitforapproximatelyoneminute.Oneminute’spreparationtimeisallowed.ACustomerrelations：theimportanceofmakingcustomersfeelvaluedBcompanygrowth：theimportancetoacompanyofcontrollingexpansionCMarketing：howtoensurethatagentsmaintainahighlevelofeffectivenesswhenrepresentingacompanyPartThree:Inthispartofthetest，candidatesaregivenatopictodiscussandareallowed30secondstolookatthepromptcard，beforetalkingtogetherforaboutthreeminutes.Afterwards，theexaminerask