学术英语理工详解答案 Unit 3

学术英语理工AcademicEnglishforScienceandEngineeringUnitContents1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture2Payingattentiontotheintroduction3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples4Followingalecturethroughsignalwords5MemorizingthepointsbytakingnotesUnit3ListeningtoLectures1PreparingforlisteningtoalectureUnit3ListeningtoLecturesUnit3ListeningtoLectures1PreparingforlisteningtoalectureTipsbeforelisteningtoalecture:1)Findoutthetopicofthelecturetobedelivered.2)Researchthetopicbyreadingtherelatedsourcesortheassignedreadings.3)Familiarizeyourselfwiththesubjectandlistoutquestionsifpossible.Unit3ListeningtoLectures1PreparingforlisteningtoalectureTipsbeforelisteningtoalecture:5)Checkthemeaningsandpronunciationsofthetermsandwords.6)Bringlooseleafpaperorspiralboundnotebooks.Orbringalaptopifyouprefertotakenotesonitandiftheroomissetupwithamplepoweroutletsandspace.Unit3ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture1Whatarethedefinitionsofthefollowingterms?1)CO2:2)ozonelayer:isagreenhousegaswhichplaysamajorroleinglobalwarmingandanthropogenicclimatechange.Itisalsoamajorsourceofoceanacidificationwhichdissolvesinwaterformingcarbonicacid.isalayerinEarth'satmospherecontainingrelativelyhighconcentrationsofozone(O3).Unit3ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture1Whatarethedefinitionsofthefollowingterms?3)greenhouse:4)methane:isastructurewithdifferenttypesofcoveringmaterials,suchasaglassorplasticroofandfrequentlyglassorplasticwalls;itheatsupbecauseincomingvisiblesolarradiationfromthesunisabsorbedbyplants,soil,andotherthingsinsidethebuilding.isthesimplestalkane,themaincomponentofnaturalgas,andprobablythemostabundantorganiccompoundonearth.Therelativeabundanceofmethanemakesitanattractivefuel.Unit3ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture1Whatarethedefinitionsofthefollowingterms?5)KyotoProtocol:6)deforestation:isaprotocoltotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCCorFCCC),aimedatfightingglobalwarming.istheremovalofaforestorstandoftreeswherethelandisthereafterconvertedtoanonforestuse.Unit3ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture1Whatarethedefinitionsofthefollowingterms?7)chlorofluorocarbon:8)polaricecap:isanorganiccompoundthatcontainsonlycarbon,chlorine,hydrogenandfluorine,producedasavolatilederivativeofmethaneandethane.isahighlatituderegionofaplanetornaturalsatellitethatiscoveredinice.Unit3ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture2Whatistherelationshipbetweencarbondioxide,greenhousegasesandthethinningozonelayerwithglobalwarming?Carbondioxideisagreenhousegas.Burningoil,coalandfossilfuelsleadstoasharpincreaseinthegreenhousegaswhichbuildupandcondense,formingathickgaslayerofcarbondioxide.Thisgastrapsheatfromthesunanddestroystheozonelayer,thelayerwhichprotectstheEarthfromharmfulradiation,causingglobalwarming.Unit3ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture3Howmanyfactorsaffectglobaltemperature?Whatarethey?ManyfactorsaffecttheEarth'stemperatureonaglobalscale.Themainfactorsaresolaroutput,orbitalvariationvolcaniceruptions,andpollutingeffectofhumanactivities.Unit3ListeningtoLectures1Preparingforlisteningtoalecture4Whatarethepotentialeffectsofglobalwarming?Theeffectsofglobalwarmingmaybephysical,ecological,socialoreconomic.Evidenceofobservedclimatechangeincludestheinstrumentaltemperaturerecord,anincreaseofextremeweatherevents(suchashurricanes,earthquakes,volcanoes,andlandslides),risingsealevels,decreasedsnowcoverintheNorthernHemisphere,massanimalextinctionsandhumanmigrations.2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLecturesAlectureoftenbeginsintwoways:?Tellinganinterestingstoryorananecdote?Introducingthepointstobecoveredinthetalkdirectly2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLecturesPatternsthespeakertendstousetointroducetheirideas:1)Tostartwith,I'lltalkabout…ThenI'lldiscuss…Afterthat,we'lllookat…I'llfinishbygivingasummaryof…2)InthefirstpartI'llexplain/talk…Theninthesecondpart,Iwillpresent/examine/analyze…2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures1Topic:Content:ComputerEthicsTheproperethicalbehaviorofcomputerusers2Topic:Content:Dyslexia---LearningProblemsTheanalysisofthecausesofdyslexiaanddoctor'sexplanationofitReadthefollowingintroductionsoftwolecturesandguessthetopicandcontentofeachofthem.2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures1Howdoesthelecturerintroducehistopic?A.Byprovidingupdatesonclimatecrisis.B.Byshowingpicturesofpollutedbeach.C.Bypresentingsomedreadfuldisasters.D.Bystatingtheimportanceofrenewableenergy.Answer:AWatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures2Whatisthelecturer'sattitudetowardefficiencyandconservation?A.Heisstronglynegativeastheyarecostly.B.Theyareunrealisticgoalsthatareoutofreach.C.Theyareeffectivebutnotthemostdesirablemeans.D.Theyareprofitableunlessthereismassiveinvestment.WatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures3Whatdoesthelecturersayaboutcarsandtrucks?A.Theyarethemostefficienttransportation.B.Theycauselessglobalwarmingpollutionthanbuildings.C.ThestandardsofcarsandtrucksintheU.S.arethebestintheworld.D.CCSincarsandtrucksisavailableforustousefossilfuelssafely.Answer:BWatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures4Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasthewaytotackleglobalwarming?A.Livingacarbon-neutrallife.B.Raisingpublicawarenessoftheproblem.C.Startingfromhomeinreducingemissions.D.Refusingtodobusinesswiththoseinvolvingcarbon.Answer:DWatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures5Accordingtothelecturer,whatistheroleofpoliticsinthereductionofpollution?A.Ithelpsreduceclimatecollapsetoclimatecrisis.B.Forbipartisanconflicts,politicsplayapassiverole.C.Iturgescorporationstoreducecarbonemissionsbylaw.D.RepublicansaremoreactiveandinfluentialthanDemocrats.WatchthevideoclipofLecture10andanswerthefollowingquestions.2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures1Whatproblemdoesthelecturerintendtoaddressinthislecture?Thewaystodoabouttheclimatecrisis.2Accordingtothelecturer,whatisthenewtemperaturerecordinJanuary?Thirtyonedegrees.WatchthevideoclipofLecture10againandanswerthefollowingquestions.2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures3Whatsuggestionsdoesthelecturermakeaboutcarsandtrucks?Hesuggeststhatweshouldraisethestandardsintransportationefficiencyandcontinuethedevelopmentofrenewable.4Accordingtothelecturer,whatcanbusinessmandotorelievetheproblem?IntegrateclimatesolutionsintoinnovationsandinvestWatchthevideoclipofLecture10againandanswerthefollowingquestions.2PayingattentiontotheintroductionUnit3ListeningtoLectures5Accordingtothelecturer,whatshouldacatalystofchangedo?Heshouldteachothers,learnaboutclimatecrisisandtalkaboutit.6WhatdoesthelecturerurgeDemocratsandRepublicanstodo?Worktogethertobringcoherencetoalleffortsandcapcarbondioxideemissions.WatchthevideoclipofLecture10againandanswerthefollowingquestions.3UnderstandingtheideasthroughexamplesUnit3ListeningtoLecturesUnit3ListeningtoLecturesSignalwordsthatyoushouldpayattentionto:?forexample?forinstance?thefollowingexample(story/incident)illustrates/demonstrates…?suchas?asinthecaseof?agoodcaseinpoint3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples3UnderstandingtheideasthroughexamplesUnit3ListeningtoLectures1Whydoesthelecturermentionhisdaughter'sconfrontationandstrongemotion?Tointroducehistopicandraisetheawarenessabouttheseriousnessofglobalwarming.2WhatdothetwoWal-Martstoriesexemplifyrespectively?OneistoillustratethepowerofcompaniesinaddressingWatchthevideoclipofLecture11andanswerthefollowingquestions.3UnderstandingtheideasthroughexamplesUnit3ListeningtoLectures3WhydoesthelecturerdrawacomparisonbetweentheBraziliangovernmentandAmericangovernment?ToillustratetheimportanceofpolicyinreducingCO2.4Whatisthefourthorfinallessonthatthelecturerlearnsabouttheclimatecrisis?Thepotentialofradicalinnovation.WatchthevideoclipofLecture11andanswerthefollowingquestions.Unit3ListeningtoLectures1Wal-Marthasoneoftheworld'smostamazingsupplychains,suppliers.WhenWal-Martachievesenergyreductions,that'sgoingtobeaverybigdeal.2OnehundredmillioncompactfluorescentlightbulbsCompletetheblanksandtablewithwhatyouhear.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples60,00020percent600milliondollars20milliontonsUnit3ListeningtoLectures3Completetheblanksandtablewithwhatyouhear.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples29,000700+2inCalifornia85%5%BrazilTheU.S.EthanolpumpsFlex-fuelcarsinthreeyearsUnit3ListeningtoLectures4InBrazil,ofthegasolinehasbeenreplacedwithethanolinautomotivefleet,whichhassaveddollarssince1975andofCO2.That'softheCO2emissionsacrosstheentirecountry.Brazilisonlyoftheworld'sCO2emission.Completetheblanksandtablewithwhatyouhear.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples40%59billion32milliontons10%1.3%Unit3ListeningtoLectures1Whatdidthelecturerandhispartnersdoafterthetalkwithhisdaughter?Theytraveledaroundtolearnmoreaboutclimatecrisisandassembledanetwork.2WhatarethethreebiggestusesofenergyinWal-Mart?Heatingandairconditioning,lightingandWatchthevideoclipofLecture11againandanswerthefollowingquestions.3UnderstandingtheideasthroughexamplesUnit3ListeningtoLectures3Whatarethereturnsofusing100millioncompactfluorescentlightbulbs?Saving600milliondollarsinenergybillsandcuttingdown20milliontonsofCO2everyyear.4Accordingtothelecturer,whatcanindividualsdotosolvetheclimatecrisis?Theycanchangetheirbehaviors,forexample,WatchthevideoclipofLecture11againandanswerthefollowingquestions.3UnderstandingtheideasthroughexamplesUnit3ListeningtoLectures5WhatdidBobEpsteinsuggestattheendofthefirstmeeting?Setupamarket-basedsystemofmandatestocapandreducegreenhousegasesinCalifornia.6WhatarethetragicproblemandthebreakthroughtechnologythelecturerusestoexemplifythepotentialofWatchthevideoclipofLecture11againandanswerthefollowingquestions.3UnderstandingtheideasthroughexamplesUnit3ListeningtoLectures7Whatisthelecturer'sattitudetowardthecurrentinvestmentinR&D?Hethinksitisfarfromenough.8Accordingtoscientists,whatdoweneedtodotostabilizeclimate?Reducegreenhousegasemissionsbyonehalfanddoitasfastaspossible.WatchthevideoclipofLecture11againandanswerthefollowingquestions.3Understandingtheideasthroughexamples4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3ListeningtoLecturesUnit3ListeningtoLectures1SignallingtopicTodayI'mgoingtotakeupthesubjectof...2SignallingstructureNowletusconsider...3SignallingashiftNow,let'smoveonto...4SignallingexplanationWhatImeanis...Thatistosay...4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsSignpostlanguageUnit3ListeningtoLectures1illustration2cause3effect4comparison5condition6contrast7listing8classification9summary4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsTransitionallanguagea.similarly,likewiseb.toconclude,inbriefc.if,unless,assumingthatd.asaresult,soe.forinstance,inparticularf.onefeatureisg.dueto,owingh.additionally,4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3ListeningtoLectures1A.___________________________________；B.___________________________________；C.___________________________________；WatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.someclimatechangethingsintheoceansealevelriseoceanwarming4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3ListeningtoLectures2A.__________________________；B.__________________________；WatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.naturalcauseshuman-inducedcauses4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3ListeningtoLectures3A.__________________________；B.__________________________；WatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.sedimentsintheRossSeaoceanacidification4sedimentscarriedoutbyicehaveaniceshelfoverheadwhilethosethatneedsunlightdonot4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.5inthisregion,theiceshelfmeltedbackandformedagaininourrecentpast6intheamountofsunlightthere,causedbynaturalchanges4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3ListeningtoLectures71）thedissolutionofcarbondioxideintothesea2）A.________________________________；B.________________________________；WatchthevideoclipofLecture12andfillintheblanksfollowingthedirectionofthecues.amajorlossofmarinebiodiversity,especiallycarbonateorganisms.8caporlimitCO2emissionsassoonaspossibletoprotectoceansthestressonsomephysiologicalprocesses4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture12againandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Interdisciplinaryway.2.Thelackofconcernabouttheoceans.3.Becauseclimatechangeiscausedbybothnaturalandhuman-inducedcauses.4.Drillintotheseabedtorecoversedimentstoseeclimatechange.4FollowingalecturethroughsignalwordsUnit3ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture12againandanswerthefollowingquestions.5.TheiceintheRossSearegionisdynamic,whichleadstotheriseandfallofsealevel.6.Becausetheyareinstrumental-qualityrecordersoftemperaturechange(Becausetheyrecordtemperaturechangeofhundredsofyears).5MemorizingthepointsbytakingnotesUnit3ListeningtoLectures5MemorizingthepointsbytakingnotesUnit3ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture13andtakenotes.Thenanswerthequestionsaccordingtoyournotes.1.Worse→norain→cropsnotgrow→starve→uncertainty→unrest↓energypris,↓poverty,2↓2.CO2→warmplanet→tmptur↑→ecosystmclps5MemorizingthepointsbytakingnotesUnit3ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture13andtakenotes.Thenanswerthequestionsaccordingtoyournotes.3.P:populationS:services/personE:energy/serviceC:CO2/unite4.first3---13btonstagt---26btons5MemorizingthepointsbytakingnotesUnit3ListeningtoLecturesWatchthevideoclipofLecture13andtakenotes.Thenanswerthequestionsaccordingtoyournotes.5.anewenergysystmgloblytide,geothermal,fusion,biofuel,workon5:fossilfuel,nuclear,&renewablesources6.1)densityofenergy