小学数学练习册

TheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelasUrsulaLeGuinUnit9.TeachingPlan.TeachingObjectivesToenablethestudentstolearnaboutanallegoricalstoryTofamiliarizestudentswithsciencefictionTodiscussthetopic“whatishappinessandonwhatrealhappinessdepends”.TeachingFocusUtopia,anidealsocietyforhumanbeings,isalong-pursueddreamandwehavehadvarioustypesofitfromPlatotoThomasMooreandothers.Isittrue?Canitbecometrue?.Itisasciencefiction,anallegory,aUtopiaoramixture.Anyhowthefocusisthestoryitself:whatcanwegetfromit?Allfiguresofspeechapplied.Acastofcharacters.Thedescriptionofthechild.Howdoestheauthorconveyhisidealofheridealsociety?.TeachingMethodsTeacher-orientedteachingmethodStudent-orientedteachingmethodTheelicitedmethod.TeachingProcedureⅠ.IntroductoryRemarksⅡ.BackgroundInformationⅢ.LearningFocusⅣ.KeywordsandExpressionsⅤ.ExplanationoftheText.Ⅵ.DivisionoftheTextⅦ.TheWritingStyleⅧ.RhetoricalDevicesⅨ.Exercises.IntroductoryRemarks.Ⅰ.IntroductoryRemarksapieceofallegoricalwritingprovocativethemethenatureofhappinessandonwhatitdependsdescribingtheeventsa.theFestivalofSummerb.marchinprocessionc.ahorserace.peopleofOmelasnotsimplebuthappythebasisoftheirhappinessajustdiscriminationofwhatisnecessaryWhatisneithernecessarynordestructive,andwhatisdestructive..nomonarchy,slavery,oranycommercial,politicalormilitaryinstitution,andnoguiltachildlockedinatinyroomandmistreatedaterriblejusticeofrealityAllthehappinessofOmelasisbasedonitssuffering..thenatureandbasisofhappinessShouldhappinessofthemanybebaseduponthesufferingofthefew?anopen,thought-provokingendingSomepeopleleaveOmelasafterseeingthechild..DetailedStudyoftheText.Ⅱ.BackgroundInformationUrsulaLeGuinAmericanSciencefictionwriterborninBerkeley,CaliforniastudiedatRadcliffCollegeandColumbiaUniversityprolificwriterbothforadultsandchildren.Herworks“Hain”novelsRocannon’sworld(1966)TheLeftHandofDarkness(1969)Her“Earthsea”trilogyAwizardofEarthsea(1968)TheTombsofAtuan(1971)TheFarthestShore(1972).WilliamJamesAmericanPhilosopherandPsychologistborninNewYorkCityteachinganatomy,physiologyandphilosophyhelpedfoundtheAmericanSocietyforPhysicalresearch.HisbooksThePrinciplesofPsychology(1890)TheWilltoBelieve(1897)TheVarietiesofReligiousExperience(1902).Threeprincipalaspectsofhisphilosophyvoluntarismpragmatism“radicalempiricism”.AllegoryasymbolicstorythatservesasadisguisedrepresentationformeaningsotherthanthoseindicatedonthesurfaceThecharactersoftenhavenoindividualpersonality,butareembodimentsofmoralqualitiesandotherabstractions..Allegorycloselyrelatedtotheparable,fable,andmetaphor,differingfromthemlargelyinintricacyandlength.Ⅲ.LearningFocusStyleapieceofallegoricaldescriptiondescribingthecityofOmelasanditscitizensdwellingonaprovocativetheme:thenatureofhappinessandonwhathappinessdepends..refutingtheviewthatpainisintellectualandevilconcludingthatthehappinessofthemanyisbasedonthesufferingofafewintroducingthemiseryandsufferingofachildputtingforwardtheproblemallowingthereaderstogivefreereintotheirimagination..WordsandPhrasessparklewithashimmeringofdodgeinandoutrisetotheoccasioninthesilenceof.fartherandnearerbreakintodulcetshepherdsfesteredsorestothetouchimbecilethroughfearincommunionwith.inranksithunchedfumble…withpeerinatscreamforseepinpoignancyabominablemisery.broodoverclamormauvetambourinelithesnivelvapid.Ⅳ.KeywordsandExpressionsrigging(n.):tackle，esp.thechains,ropes,etc.,usedforsupportingandworkinginthemasts,sails,yards,etc.,ofavesseldecorous(adj.):characterizedbyorshowingdecorum,propriety,goodtaste,etc..mauve(n.):anyofseveralshadesordelicatepurpletambourine(n.):ashallow,single-headedhanddrumhavingjinglingmetaldisksintherim.dodge(v.):moveortwistquicklyaside;shiftsuddenly,astoavoidablowlithe(adj.):bendingeasily;flexible;supple;limber;lissomegear(n.):aharness.halter(n.):arope,cord,strap,etc.,usuallywithaheadstall,fortyingorleadingananimal;abitlessheadstall,withorwithoutaleadropemane(n.):thelonghairgrowingfromthetoporsidesoftheneckofcertainanimals,asthehorse,lion,etc..braid(v.):interweavethreeormorestrandsof(hair,straw,etc.)nostril(n.):eitheroftheexternalopeningsofthenose.prance(v.):(saidofahorse)riseuponthehindlegsinalivelyway,esp.whilemovingalongarchaic(adj.):antiquated;old-fashioned;ancient.stallion(n.):anuncastratedmalehorse,esp.oneusedasastudbarbarian(n.):memberofapeopleorgroupwithacivilizationregardedasprimitive,savage,etc..dulcet(adj.):sweet-sounding;pleasant;calmingutopian(n.):apersonwhobelievesmautopia,esp.ofasocialorpoliticalnature;visionary.treason(n.):betrayaloftrustorfaith;betrayalofone’scountrybanal(adj.):dullorstaleasbecauseofoveruse;trite;hackneyed;commonplace.exuberance(n.):thestateorqualityofbeingexuberant;greatabundance;luxuriancepuritanical(adj.):ofthePuritans;extremelyorexcessivelystrictinmattersofmoralsandreligion.languor(n.):alackofvigororvitality;weakness:indifference;lethargyarcane(adj.):hiddenorsecret.magnanimous(adj.):nobleinmind;high-souled;generousinoverlookinginjuryorinsult;risingabovepettinessormeannessprovisioner(n.):thepersonwhosupplieswithprovisions,esp.withastockoffood.amiable(adj.):havingapleasantandfriendlydisposition;good-naturedsticky(adj.[colloq.]):overlysentimental:maudlin:adhesive.benign(adj.):good-natured;kindlypastry(n.):flourdoughorpastemadewithshorteningandusedforthecrustofpies,tarts,etc.;foodsmadewiththis.rapt(adj.):completelyabsorbedorengrossed(inmeditation,study,etc.)imperious(adj.):overbearing;arrogant;urgent;imperative.neigh(v.):uttertheloud,characteristiccryofahorse:whinnyseep(v.):leak,drip,orflowoutslowlythroughsmallopeningsorpores;ooze.cobweb(v.):coverwithoraswiththewebspunbyaspiderdefective(adj.):havingadefectordefects;imperfect;faulty.imbecile(n.):showingfeebleintellect;foolishorstupidmalnutrition(n.):faultyorinadequatenutrition;poornourishmentresultingfrominsufficientfood,improperdiet,etc..fumble(v.):make(one’sway)clumsilyorbygroping;handle(athing)clumsilyorunskillfullygenitals(n.):thereproductiveorgans.hunch(v.):sitorstandwiththebackarchedrattle(v.):makeaseriesofsharp，shortsoundsmquicksuccession.whine(v.):utterapeevish,high-pitched,somewhatnasalsound,asincomplaint,distress,fear,etc.;complainorbeginachildishlyundignifiedway,aswithawhinebuttocks(n.):therump.fester(v.):formpus;ulcerate;decayexcrement(n.):waste,matterfromthebowels;feces.impotence(n.):thequalityorconditionofbeingimpotent,weakparadox(n.):astatementthatisself-contradictoryinfactand,hence,false;aperson,situation,act,etc.thatseemstohavecontradictoryorinconsistentqualities.uncouth(adj.):uncultured;crude;boorish;awkwardvapid(adj.):tasteless;flavorless;flat;dull;boring.poignant(adj.):emotionallytouchingormovingpoignancyn.snivel(v.):cryandsniffle;havemucusrunningfromthenose.Ⅴ.ExplanationoftheText1)faroff:faraawayFarawaytotheedgeofcliffstoodaneagle.　2)risetotheoccasion:showthatoneisequaltowhatneedstobedone---Thissystemisdesignedinsuchawaythatitcanrisetotheoccasion..3)incommunionwith:haveaspecialrelationshipwithsth.inwhichonefeelsthatheunderstandsitverywell4)broodon/over(sth.):thinkaboutforalongtime---Helayintheshadeofthetreebroodingoverwhetherlifewasworthliving..Ⅵ.DivisionoftheTextPartIparas.1-6:ItfocusesonthedescriptionofthehappinessoftheOmelaspeople.PartIIparas.7-8:Itfocusesonthedescriptionofthemiseryandsufferingofthechild..PartIIIparas.9-12:Itshowstheattitudeofmostpeopleandtheirreactiontothechild’ssuffering.PartIVparas.13-14:Itoffersthedifferentattitudeandreactionsofafew..Summary.Ⅶ.TheWritingStyleThetextdescribesafictionalcityofhappinesscreatedbyUrsulaLeGuin.SheusesallegorytodescribeasymbolicstorytoexpresstheparadoxofOmelas.ShedrawspicturesbothemotionallyandcolorfullytoportrayOmelaswherepeopleseemtoliveinaformofparadise..Atthesametimeshepicturestheterribleinjusticeoflife,andofpeople’sassumptionsaboutit,whenshedescribesthemiseryandsufferingofthechild.UrsulaLeGuinsetsouttoexplorethedarkandshadowinhumanityandinsociety..Inreality,theperfectionwhichOmelaspresentsbecomesmuchdeeperthanthesuperficialmeaningwhenwelookatthisallegory.Thequestionabout“thenatureofhappinessandonwhatitdepends”becomeshecriticalthemeforthewholestory.UrsulaLeGuinsatesherviewsveryclearlyinonesentence:.“Happinessisbasedonajustdiscriminationofwhatisnecessary,whatisneithernecessarynordestructive,andwhatisdestructive.”Thecontrastbetweenthecitizensandthechildofferscertainimplications.Omelasis,perhaps,notsoperfectafterall..Thecitizensacceptthathappinessneedsadestructivesideandbecomesblindtotheterribleinjustice.Thewriterstatesherthoughtswithoutlimitation;sheopenstheparadoxtothefreeimaginationofherreaders.WhatshouldonemakeoftheparadoxbetweentheutopiancityOmelasandthesufferingofthechild..Ⅷ.RhetoricalDevicesPersonificationIronyMetaphorSimile.Aphorismastatementwhichdefinesaperspectivebyillustratingordescribingthehorizonofthatperspective.Insteadofstandingoutsideaviewpointanddescribingtheviewpoint,anaphorismadoptsaviewpointandidentifiesthethingswhichareonlyvisiblefromthatviewpoint.Usuallyanaphorismisaveryconcisestatement..Exercises.Ⅸ.ExercisesOralPresentationMakeafive-minutepresentationinclassbasedonyourclosereadingofthetext..Discriminatesynonyms1.happy,glad,cheerful,joyful,joyous2.pleasure,delight,joy,enjoyment3.ancient,antique,archaic4.anger,indignation,ragefury,wrath.1.happy/glad/cheerful/joyful/joyoushappy:generallysuggestsafeelingofgreatpleasure,contentment,etc.glad:impliesmorestronglyanexultantfeelingofjoy,bothgladandhappyarecommonlyusedinmerelypoliteformulasexpressinggratification.cheerful:impliesasteadydisplayofbrightspirits,optimism,etc.joyful/joyous:bothimplygreatelationandrejoicing,theformergenerallybecauseofaparticularevent,andthelatterasamatterofusualtemperament.2.pleasure/delight/joy/enjoymentpleasure:thegeneraltermforanagreeablefeelingofsatisfaction,rangingfromaquietsenseofgratificationtoapositivesenseofhappinessdelight:impliesahighdegreeofobviouspleasure,openlyandenthusiasticallyexpressed.joy:describesakeenlyfelt,exuberant,oftendemonstrativehappinessenjoyment:suggestsasomewhatsomequietfeelingofsatisfactionwiththatwhichpleases.3.ancient/antique/archaicancient:specificallyimpliesreferencetotimeslongpastantique:usedtodescribethatwhichhasbecomeold-fashionedoroutdatedarchaic:inthisconnection,appliedtothatwhichismarkedbythecharacteristicsofanearlierperiod.4.anger/indignation/rage/fury/wrathanger:isbroadlyapplicabletofeelingsofresentfulorrevengefuldispleasureindignation:impliesrighteousangerarousedbywhatseemsunjust,mean,orinsulting.rage:suggestsaviolentoutburstofangerinwhichself-controlislostfury:impliesafrenziedragethatbordersonmadnesswrath:impliesdeepindignationexpressingitselfinadesiretopunishorgetrevenge.READ,THINKANDCOMMENTReadthefollowingparagraphsandpreparetodiscuss:Whatmethodisusedindevelopingtheparagraph?Istheparagraphanobjective(realistic)oremotional(impressionistic)description?.Thisparagraphisanobjective(realistic)descriptionandspatialorderisusedfordevelopingtheparagraph..Thisparagraphisemotional(impressionistic)description.Thedominantimpressionthatthewriterwantstoconveyisexpressedintheword“fabulous,”andthereforetheyselectsonlythosedetailswhicharefabulous.Theequipmentandfurnishingswhicharecommontoallshipsandwhichdonotreinforcetheimpressionoffabledwealthandluxuryareignoredcompletely..Thisparagraphisalsoemotional(impressionistic)description.Thedominantimpressionthatthewriterwantstoconveyisthatthesonisnaughtybutlovable.Thenarratorpicksthisonedominantimpressionofthesonandfocusesonit..