My friend, Albert Einstein课文讲解

UnitThreeTEXTIMyFriend,AlbertEinstein I.Pre-readingQuestions Thisisanopenquestion.TextComprehension 1)     MainIdea: ThisprofileismainlyaboutEinstein’spersonalityandhisincomparablecontributionstoscience. Profile:short,vividbiography,brieflyoutliningaperson’smostoutstandingcharacteristics:hisability,personality,orcareer人物简介 2)   PurposeofwritingandTone: ThepurposeistoillustratewithanecdotessomecharacteristicfeaturesofEinsteinbothasamanandasascientist.3).OrganizationoftheText Introduction(P1): Usingtheword“simplicity”tobegintheillustrationofEinstein’sessence Body(P2-19): P2-4:Abouthismodesty; P5-7:Einstein’sbrieflifehistoryandhistwogreattheories; P8-11:Abouthisconcentrationonwork; P12-13:Abouthisloveofnaturalsimplicity; P14-16:Abouthisacademiccourage; P17-18:Abouthissenseofjustice; P19:Abouthisyouthfulinnocence; Conclusion:(P20)   SummingupwhatitmeanstohaveknownEinsteinandhiswork.4).KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1convey:makeknown(ideas,views,feelings,etc.)toanotherperson.vt.传达；E.g.:Maryaskedmetoconveyhergratitudetoyou.Hisrecentbookconveystoushisoutlookonlife.Conveyalsomeans“carrysomething(fromoneplacetoanother)”.运输E.g.:Pipesconveyheatfromthecentralheatingsystem(中央供暖系统)toeverypartofthebuilding.conveyorbelt（传送带）Paragraph1 词根：convey adj.conveyable 可传达的；可搬运的；可转让的 n.conveyor 输送机[机]传送机,传送带;运送者,传播者 Conveyance[kən'veiəns] 运输；运输工具；财产让与 conveyancer 运输者；传达者 essence:themostbasicandimportantqualityofsth. inessence:bynature;essentially本质上；实质的 theessenceofmorality道德的精髓 Theessenceofhisreligiousteachingisloveforallmen.他宣扬的宗教教义要旨是爱天下人。Paragraph1simplicity:thestateofbeingsimple简单；简朴；纯朴；真诚；坦率E.g.:aroomfurnishedwithsimplicity摆设简朴的房间Herclotheswerecharacterizedbytheirsimplicityandgoodtaste.她的衣着特点是朴素大方，有品位。Hedressedwithelegantsimplicity.他的穿着朴素高雅。　Hebelieveseverythingwithchildlikesimplicity.他像孩子一样单纯，对一切信以为真。speakwithsimplicity说话坦诚Paragraph1catch:attack;entrap击中E.g.:Thewindcaughtthesails.风吹袭帆篷。Wegotcaughtinadownpour.我们被大雨淋着了。Sorrowcaughtthebereaved[bɪ'rivd]mother.丧子的母亲悲不自胜。wouldbenonetheworseforitswetting:wouldnotbeharmedbyitsbeingwetnonetheworsefor:notharmedby;notadverselyaffectedby未受…影响/损害,并不更差；依然如故，thinknonetheworseofsomebody依然看重某人E.g.:He’snonetheworseforhisfallfromthewindow.他从窗口掉下，结果并没有怎么样。Ilikeamannonetheworseforbeingoutspoken.我并不因一个人直言不讳而讨厌他。Paragraph1knack:aspecialskillorability,usuallytheresultofpracticen.诀窍；本领；熟练技术；巧妙手法E.g.:Shehasaknackofdoingsumsinherhead,howevercomplicatedtheymaybe.　aknackofthetrade做买卖的诀窍Vernehadahappyknackofcombiningadventurewithscience.凡尔纳有一种把冒险和科学结合起来的巧妙本领。Paragraph1Thisknackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatterwasthesecretofhismajorscientificdiscoveries---thisandhisextraordinaryfeelingforbeauty.Thisunusualabilityofhistoperceivebeauty,thisnaturalabilityofgraspingthenatureofamatterwasthekeytohismanyimportantscientificdiscoveries.他这种本能地把握事物本质的能力正是他能够做出重大科学发现的秘诀所在，除此之外，还有他对美的那种非凡的感觉。Paragraph1InHoffmann’sopinion“simplicity”isthebestwordtodescribetheessenceofEinstein’scharacter.Theabstractnotionofsimplicityisexplainedbyaphraseinthefirstparagraph.Whichisit?SA:Knackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatter. Whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph? Itintroducesthemainideaofthearticle,thatthemostessentialqualityofEinsteinissimplicity. Whatdidthisexampleindicate? ---hewassimple. ----hewentinstinctivelytotheheartofthematter.Paragraph2carteblanche:(French)(plural:cartesblanches)fullfreedom,especiallyinpoliticsandinspendingmoney签好字的空白纸；全权，自由处理权E.g.:Hewasgivencarteblanchetobuild,landscape,andfurnishthehouse.那幢房子的建造，庭院布置和装饰完全委托给他了。Herefusedcarteblancheforthebombers.他拒绝授予轰炸机自由选择轰炸目标的权力。Thekinggavehisministercarteblancheinforeignaffairs.Paragraph2dismay:(n.v.)(使)灰心,(使)沮丧;(使)惊愕 Hewasdismayedatthesizeofhisadversary.对手的魁伟身材使他丧失了勇气。 “Someonestolenmyhouse!”shesaidindismay.“有人偷了我们家！”她惊恐地说。 Shefoundtoherdismaythatshehadforgottentobringherwallet.Paragraph2pleadwith:ask(someone)verystronglyinabeggingway恳求；请求E.g.:Thegirlpleadedwithherparentstolethergotoschoolbyherself.plead(withsomebody)forforgiveness(one’slife)请求（某人）原谅（饶命）Shepleadedwithmetogiveuptheplan.她求我放弃这个计划。Paragraph3beinaweof:alsostandinaweof,haverespectaswellasfearandreverencefor敬畏（某人）awen.:thefeelingofrespectandamazementwhenoneisfacedwithsomethingwonderful,frightening,orcompletelyunknown敬畏E.g.:Hevisitedtheexhibitionandstoodinaweofthefossilsofprehistoricanimals.Theaudiencelistenedtothelearnedphilosopherinawe.Paragraph3awev.:causeafeelingofamazementorfear使敬畏,使畏怯E.g.:Themagician’sperformanceawedusall.awedadj.:overwhelmedbyrespectandfear敬畏的intonesofawedamazement:用敬畏惊讶的语气approach:tospeakto,especiallyaboutsomethingforthefirsttime找…商量，同…接洽，同…联系E.g.:Didheapproachyouaboutlendinghimsomemoney?他同你谈过想借些钱的事吗？Heisratherdifficulttoapproach.他这人很难接近。（指不好说话等） IwasinaweofEinstein,andhesitatedbeforeapproachinghimaboutsomeideasIhadbeenworkingon.(L13-)  我敬畏爱因斯坦，想同他谈谈我一直在思考的一些想法。此前我一直犹豫不决。Paragraph3inflection:amovementupordownofthevoice;intonation音调变化E.g.:Asentencethatasksaquestionusuallyendsonarisinginflection.awry:notinthecorrectpositionorshape;twisted;bent曲的；歪的；斜的notasplannedorintended;inawrongmanner离开了预期（或正确）方向（的）；错（的）E.g.:glanceawry斜视go(run,tread)awry（人）背离正道，走向邪路Paragraph3 Dressedinill-fittingclothes,hishaircharacteristicallyawry,hesmiledawarmwelcome.(L16-)   他穿的衣服极不合身，头发充满个性地蓬乱，笑容里充溢着热烈欢迎之意。setsomebodyatease:alsoputsomebodyat(his)ease,tofreesomeonefromworryornervousness使…不拘束，使…自在E.g.:Theexaminersoonput(set)thecandidatesatease.主考官很快就使考生们的情绪放松了。Paragraph4thestaggering---andaltogetherendearingrequest:---thesurprisingandshocking,almostunbelievable,andyetverypleasantandaffectionaterequeststaggerv.:causeshockeddisbelief使…吃惊E.g.:Hisexcessiveconceitandself-confidencestaggeredallhiscolleagues.arisk-takingboldnessthatstaggersothers使别人吃惊的大胆冒险行为It’safantastictaskthatstaggerstheimagination.那是件令人难以想象的艰巨伟大的工作。Paragraph4endearingadj.:causingfeelingsofloveandaffection使人喜爱的；引人爱慕的E.g.:Mark’steacheransweredhisquestionswithanendearingsmile.endearingqualities使人喜爱的品质endearingtones充满柔情的声调vestige:atraceofsomethingthatisdisappearingornolongerexistsn.遗迹；残余E.g.:Withtheoverthrow(推翻)ofthemonarchy(君主制),allvestigesoffeudalism(封建主义)aregone.Paragraph4FromthetwoanecdotesrelatedinParagraphs2–4,whatimpressionofEinsteinhaveyougot?SA:WecanseeEinsteinwasaverymodestmanthoughhewassuchadistinguishedscientist.Paragraph5 Hehadbeennoinfantprodigy;indeed,hewassolateinlearningtospeakthathisparentsfearedhewasadullard.(L23-)  从小他一直就不是什么天才神童；实际上，他很迟才学会说话，他的父母还担心他会是个弱智。Paragraph5runabreastof:alsorunabreastwith,torunsidebysidewith保持与…并列keep/beabreastof:toknowallthetimethemostrecentfactsaboutsomethingnon-material使不落后于E.g.:Readthepapersifyouwanttokeepabreastofthetimes.如果想跟得上时代就得读报纸。Eventhisarrangementdidnotkeepwagesabreastoftherisinglivingcost.即使这样的安排也不能使工资水平跟上日益上涨的生活费用。Paragraph5 Fromthatinnocentquestionwouldarise,tenyearslater,histheoryofrelativity. Itwasasimplequestion,butthissimplequestionledeventuallytohistheoryofrelativity.Paragraph6Therehewent(beyondhisregularwork)tostudythemasterworksofphysicsonhisown.attheSwissFederalPolytechnicSchool,asidefromhisroutinecoursework,hespenttimestudyingindependentlythemasterpiecesofphysics.hisgeniusburstintofabulousflower:hisgreattalentresultsinextraordinarysuccess;hisgreattalentyieldedanincredibleresultfabulous:from“fable”,nearlyunbelievable惊人的，令人难以置信的E.g.:afabulousfortune一笔巨额财富afabulousthunderstorm大雷雨3).OrganizationoftheText Introduction(P1): Usingtheword“simplicity”tobegintheillustrationofEinstein’sessence Body(P2-19): P2-4:Abouthismodesty; P5-7:Einstein’sbrieflifehistoryandhistwogreattheories; P8-11:Abouthisconcentrationonwork; P12-13:Abouthisloveofnaturalsimplicity; P14-16:Abouthisacademiccourage; P17-18:Abouthissenseofjustice; P19:Abouthisyouthfulinnocence; Conclusion:(P20)   SummingupwhatitmeanstohaveknownEinsteinandhiswork.Paragraph7offshoot:anewstemorbranchofaplant;(figuratively)athingthatisdevelopedfromsomethingelse枝族，旁系；衍生事物E.g.:SouthAfricanoffshootsofBritishcompanies英国公司在南非的分支机构Para.5-7:thegrowthofagenius.Einstein’sbrieflifehistoryandhistwogreattheories;Paragraph9recalcitrant:oftenusedtodescribeapersonoran难处理的，难对付的；（疾病等）难治的E.g.:arecalcitrantboy犟男孩recalcitrantbehavior桀骜不驯的行为asubjectrecalcitrantbothtoobservationandtoexperiment既难研察又难验证的课题Trynottopunisharecalcitrantchildseverely,itisbettertoreasonwithhim.worry:Whenananimalworriesitsprey,itshakesit,pullsatit,frightensit,oreveneatsit.Inotherwords,theanimalwillnotstopattackingitsprey.Similarly,Einsteinwouldnotletgoaproblemunsolved,hewouldkeepatit.撕咬住，不放过Paragraph9Theintensityanddepthofhisconcentrationwerefantastic.Whenbattlingarecalcitrantproblem,heworrieditasananimalworriesitsprey.Hecouldconcentrateonhisworkwithsuchsingle-mindednessandforsuchlonghoursthatitwassurprising.Whentacklingaproblemwhichwasdifficulttosolve,heattackeditasananimalchasesandfrightensanotheranimalitpreysupon.Paragraph9upagainst:(Americancolloquial)facing(adifficulty)面对充当find的宾语补足语quaint:attractivelyunusualorold-fashioned老式而别致的，奇特而有趣的；古怪的，奇特的E.g.:aquaintlittlehouse一座古雅小巧的房子aquaintoldlady古怪的老太太aquaintsenseofduty不合情理的责任感aquaintpronunciationofEnglishwords对于英语单词古怪而有趣的发音twirl:tocausetocurl捻弄；卷曲；扭转E.g.:twirlone’smoustache拈胡子Shetwirledherhairroundherfingers.她把头发缠绕在手指上。Paragraph9 What,accordingtotheauthor,isEinstein’smostoutstandingtraitasascientist? ---Concentration.Einstein’smostoutstandingtraitasascientistishisconcentrationonhiswork. Refertothefirstsentenceofpara.9.（Theintensityanddepthofhisconcentrationwerefantastic.）Paragraph10furrow:makedeeplinesorfoldsintheskinoftheface,especiallytheforeheadE.g.:Shelookedattheexaminationpaperwithafurrowedbrow(=aforeheadwithlinesinit).placid:calm;peaceful宁静的；平静的；平和的；温和的E.g.:aplacidtemper平和的性情aplacidworld平静的世界Paragraph10Adreamy,farawayandyetinwardlookwouldcomeoverhisface.Therewasnoappearanceofconcentration,nofurrowingofthebrow–onlyaplacidinnercommunion.Evenwhenhewasthinkinghardonadifficultproblem,Einsteinwouldstillappeartobecalmandrelaxedwithnofacialsignsshowinghewasthinkinghard---onlycalmanduntroubledstreamsofthoughtgoingoninhismind.Paragraph10fathom:cometounderstand;getthetruemeaningof领会E.g.:fathomsomebody’smotives(mystery)弄清某人的动机(秘密)amanhardtofathom难以捉摸的人Ican’tfathomwhatyoumean.我不能完全猜透你的意思。Paragraph11shake:totroublethemindorfeelingsof;upset使心烦意乱;使震惊E.g.:Shewasbadlyshaken(up)bytheaccident.那场事故使她烦心极了。Hewasshakenbutunhurtintheaccident.在事故中他受了惊吓，但没有受伤。haggard:havinglinesonthefaceandhollowplacesaroundtheeyesandinthecheeks,asthroughtirednessorlackofsleep憔悴的，形容枯槁的 toputforth努劲儿 toputfortheffort下功夫 toputforthone'sstrength用力Paragraph11Isteeredthediscussionawayfromroutinematters:IdirectedthecourseofourdiscussionawayfromordinarysubjectsSteergenerallymeans“makeaboatoracargoinaparticulardirection.”Figuratively,steeroftenmeans“direct.”引导E.g.:steervisitorstotheparksteeraconversationawayfromunpleasantsubjects Howdoyouinterpretthesentenceinpara.11:“Tohelphim,Isteeredthediscussionawayfromroutinemattersintomoredifficulttheoreticalproblems”?     ---Tacklingmoredifficulttheoreticalproblemsrequiresgreaterconcentrationandabsorption.Thiswouldhelphimtemporarilyforgetthesadnesscausedbyhiswife'sdeath.Paragraph11surcease:cessation;pause中止E.g.:offersomebodypeaceandsurcease让某人安宁歇息findsurceasefromcare找机会散散心grope:trytofindsomethingbyfeelingwiththehandsinaplacewhereonecannotseeproperly触摸，暗中摸（for）；摸索，探索（for,after）E.g.:Hegropedinhispocketforthenotefromhisroommate.gropefortherightwords搜寻恰当的字眼gropewithtaxreform探索税收改革Paragraph11WhydidEinsteininsistonworkinghardwhenhewassobadlyshakenbyhiswife’sdeath?SA:Becausehardworkcandiverthisattentionawayfromhiswife’sdeath.  ---Workinghardrequiresconcentration,whichwouldhelphimtodispelthefeelingofsorrow.Para.8-11:concentrationonworkParagraph12accomplished:skilled,clever;goodatsomething,thoughnotprofessional熟练的；有造诣的；有才艺的E.g.:anaccomplishedartist精湛的艺术家anaccomplishedscholar有造诣的学者atthepiano:playingthepianoas(an)accompanimentE.g.:Atthepianowillbe…由…担任钢琴伴奏。Paragraph13agitate:shake(aliquid)ormove(thesurfaceofaliquid)about搅动（液体等）；（尤指剧烈地）摇动wiggle:(informal)to(causeto)moveinsmallsidetoside,upanddown,orturningmovements扭动；摆动E.g.:towiggleone’stoesTheywiggleandwagglewhentheywalk.他们走起路来总是以扭一摆的。Theywiggledtheirhipstothesoundofpopmusic.他们随着流行音乐的乐声扭摆着屁股。Paragraph13WhatrevelationismadethroughEinstein’scommentonBeethovenandMozart’sworks?SA:HiscommentonBeethovenandMozart’sworksrevealshisloveofnaturalsimplicityandthatascientist’sdutyisto“find”andrevealthisinnerbeautyoftheuniverse.Thetheoryofrelativity相对论 Basedontwoassumptions(假设) Oneistheso-calledprincipleofrelativity(相对原则),whichmeans,roughlyspeaking,thatwecannottellwhetherweareatrestormovingsmoothly. Theotherassumptionisthatthespeedoflightisthesamenomatterwhatthespeedoftheobjectthatproducesit. 坐地日行八万里，巡天遥看一千河。毛泽东Paragraph14plausible:seemingtobereasonableorprobable.Thewordisoftenusedderogatorily.（论点等)貌似有理的;(说法等)貌似真实的E.g.:aplausibleexcuse貌似有理的借口aplausiblecommentator(liar)花言巧语评论员(说谎大王)Yourreasoningsoundsplausible,butIratherdoubtit.Paragraph14Eachoftheseassumptions,byitself,wassoplausibleastoseemprimitivelyobvious.Buttogethertheywereinsuchviolentconflictthatalessermanwouldhavedroppedoneortheotherandfledinpanic.byitself:whenviewedindividually/separately单独看,分开看alesserman:弱者drop:giveup放弃Eachoftheseassumptions,whenjudgingbyitself,wassoseeminglyreasonableandself-evident.Butwhentheyareputtogethertheyweresocontradictorytoeachotherthatalessablemanwouldhavediscardedoneortheotherandbeenfrightenedaway. providedwegaveupcherishedbeliefsaboutthenatureoftime Providedthat/Providingthat…在…情况或条件下；假若，倘若 Timeandspaceusedtobebelievedastwoabsoluteentitiesindependentofeachother,butEinsteinclaimedthemasrelativetoeachother.Paragraph15ahouseofcards:anarrangementofplayingcardsbuiltupcarefullybuteasilyknockedover;aplanwhichistoobadlyarrangedtosucceed;aninsecurescheme用纸牌搭成的房子；不可靠的计划（或等）tamperwith:meddlewith,interferewith;trytochangesomethingwithoutpermission拨弄;胡乱摆弄;篡改;用不正当手段干预 awillthathasbeentamperedwith经篡改的遗嘱 tamperwithawitness(用收买等手段)左右证人Paragraph15 wordsfailedhim:hecouldnotfindwordstoexpresshisfeelings说不出话 failv.t.:leavesomeonehelplessatadifficulttime E.g.:Hewaseagertoclimbtothetopofthehighmountain,buthishealthfailedhim. intonesofawedamazement:用敬畏惊讶的语气 Paragraph15 Ineloquence：n.无说服力，无口才，不善言辞 eloquence[‘eləkwəns]n.雄辩，流利的口才，说服力 词根：eloquent adj.eloquent 雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的；动人的 adv.eloquently 善辩地；富于表现力地 tribute:somethingdone,given,orsaidtoshowrespectoradmirationforsomeone;respect(表示敬意的)礼物;颂辞,称赞 E.g.:pay(a)tributetosomebody’sgreatachievements赞扬某人的伟大成就。 abirthdaytribute生日祝辞Paragraph16 Einstein’swork,performedquietlywithpencilandpaper,seemedremotefrom（远离）theturmoilofeverydaylife（日常生活的喧嚣）.Buthisideasweresorevolutionarytheycausedviolentcontroversyandirrationalanger. turmoil:stateofconfusion,chaos,disorder骚动，混乱 Einstein’swork,donequietlywithpencilandpaper,seemedfarawayfromthechaosandtroublesofourdailylife.Buthisideasweresonewanddifferentthattheycausedstrongdisagreementandunreasonableangeramongpeople.Paragraph17 serenity[si'renəti]n.平静，宁静 formulate[‘fɔ:mjuleit]构想出(计划、方法等)；规划(制度等)；明确地表达 Littlebylittle,heformulatedhisplanforescape.他一点一点地构想出了他的逃跑计划。 confiscate['kɔnfis,keit]vt.没收；充公；查抄 Para.16-17:amanuntouchedbytheturmoilofeverydaylifebutupsetbypoliticalevents.Paragraph18 alert:makesomeonefullyawareof(asituation);warnsomeoneofdangerortrouble提醒，警告 E.g.:Itisnecessarytointensifythecampaigntoalertpeopletothedangersofsmoking. wrought:[rɔ:t]thepasttenseandpastparticipleof“work”Paragraph18 beyond(above)(all)measure:greatwithoutlimit无可估量，极度，过分 c.f.:withinmeasure适度，不过分 E.g.:Whenhediedin1973heleftatreasurealmostbeyondmeasure.他在1973年逝世的时候留下了一笔几乎无可估量的财富。 Mr.Smithisgreedybeyondmeasure.史密斯先生贪得无厌。 Helovesherbeyondmeasure.他非常爱她。Paragraph18 ineffablesadness:sadnessthatistoointensetobedescribed Ineffable,meaning“indescribable,”“unutterable,”“incapableofbeingexpressedinwords,”isusuallyusedtodescribesomethingpositivethatistoowonderfultobedescribed言语难以表达的，不可言喻 E.g.:ineffablejoy/happiness/beauty/delight难以形容的喜悦/美貌 ineffabledisgust说不出的厌恶Paragraph18 HowdidEinsteinfeelaboutthedestructiveeffectproducedasaresultoftheapplicationofhisE=mc²formula? SA:Hefeltineffablysadandremorseful（懊悔的）. Para.18:senseofjustice.Paragraph19 elusivelywhimsical:indescribablyquaintorstrange捉摸不透的古怪 WithhisfavoriteanecdoterelatedinParagraph19,HoffmannaimstoillustrateEinstein’s“whimsicality”.Doyouthinkheisreallyawhimsicalman?Whatpersonalitytraitotherthanbeingwhimsicalisrevealedhere? SA:No.HeretheauthorrevealsEinstein’syouthfulinnocence.Paragraph20 akinto:like同类的；近似的 E.g.:Ilookedathimwithsomethingakintopanic.我多少有些恐慌地看他。 takeon:begintohave(aqualityorappearance)呈现 E.g.:Theinsectscantakeonthecolouroftheirsurroundings. Thecitytookonafestiveair.城里呈现一派节日气氛。Analysisofthetext Thetextisanessayofdescription.Indescribinganysubject,thewritermustselectdetailsrelevanttohispurpose,andfocusononedominantcharacteristicofthesubjectanddescribeonlythosefeaturesthatcontributetothatcharacteristic.Indescribingaperson,thewritermustfocusonspecificcharacteristicsthatbenefithim.Adescriptivepassagemayincludeathesis,whichtellsthereaderwhatthewriter’sspecificpurposeis.Descriptionmaybedevelopedbyexamples,whichmakethedescriptionvividandeasilyperceptible.Sometimesthereareconcretesensorydetailswhichappealtothereader’ssenses.Analysisofthetext Hoffmann’sessayisasuccessfulpieceofdescriptionwithaclearthesisandrepletewithexamplesofanecdotesandtheauthor’spersonalobservations. Intheveryfirstparagraph,HoffmannstatesunmistakablythattheessenceofEinsteinissimplicityandhis“knackforgoinginstinctivelytotheheartofamatter”.Einstein’ssimplicityisexemplifiedbyanumberofexamplesofvariouscategories,suchasanecdotesofthegreatestscientist’spersonallifeandhisbeliefsandaccomplishments.Analysisofthetext Asaperson,Einsteinischaracterizedbyhismodestyandamiableness.Heaskedforanimpossiblysmallsalary,hedidnothesitatetoadmitthathedidnotunderstandquickly,andhewasextremelyfriendlytoanyone. Asascientist,Einsteinisnotedforhisintenseanddeepconcentration,hisplacidinnercommunion,andhisrevolutionaryideas.Hewouldpaceupanddownandthinkharduntilhefoundthesolutiontoaproblem.Analysisofthetext Therearealsoanumberofconcretesensorydetailswhichleaveadeepimpressiononthereader.Forexample,Einstein’sgentlevoiceinsaying“Come”witharisinginflectionwhenHoffmannknockedonhisdoor.Einsteinwasdressedinill-fittingclothes,hishairawry,buthissmilewaswarm.Thereadercaneasilyhearthegreatscientist’sgentlevoiceandseehisnaturalself. Allinall,Hoffmanncreatesalifelikepictureofthegreatscientistcontrarytotheexpectationofgeneralreaders.Insteadofbeingaserious,austere（严厉的）anddistantpersonaspeoplenormallythinkascientistis,Einsteinappearsbeforethereaderasamanlymansearchingceaselesslyforcosmicsimplicity.OrganizationoftheText Introduction(P1): Usingtheword“simplicity”tobegintheillustrationofEinstein’sessence Body(P2-19): P2-4:Abouthismodesty; P5-7:Einstein’sbrieflifehistoryandhistwogreattheories; P8-11:Abouthisconcentrationonwork; P12-13:Abouthisloveofnaturalsimplicity; P14-16:Abouthisacademiccourage; P17-18:Abouthissenseofjustice; P19:Abouthisyouthfulinnocence; Conclusion:(P20)   SummingupwhatitmeanstohaveknownEinsteinandhiswork.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish. 他按了按汽车喇叭以引起路上行人的警觉。(alert) 信息工程的迅速发展是人类尝试的一个突出事例(endeavour) Mary试图找到恰当的言语来表达她对老师的感激。(grope) 学校校长以平易话语向年轻人传递了富有挑战性的信息(convey) 不要胡乱摆弄电线，要不然会引起电线短路。(tamperwith) 他自以为在竞争中可以战败任何对手。但是他过分的自信使他失败了。(failvt.) 他说的话似乎简单明了，但是其中的含蓄意思我们不能理解。(fathom) 他试图把小组的漫无目的的谈话引导到一些有建设性的话题上去。(steer)VII.SAtoEx.III,P.27,Workbook 他按了按汽车喇叭以引起路上行人的警觉。(alert) 1.Hehonkedhiscarho