因某事向某人道歉

Book One Unit 1 Good Friends 1>Learn to make apologies. make apologies 道歉 因某事向某人道歉make an apology(or apologies) to sb for sth apologize vi. 道歉;认错,赔不是(+to/for) He apologized to her for not going to her party. 他因为没有出席她举行的宴会而向她表示歉意。 2> I don t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. nor conj. 1. (用在neither之后)也不2. (用在not, no, never之后)也不3. (用在句首,句子须倒装)也不 I have never spoken nor written to her.我跟她从来没说过话,也没写过信。 You do not like him, nor do I. 你不喜欢他,我也不喜欢。 3> I hate hiking and I m not into classical music. be into 对...(极)有兴趣,热衷于,入迷 She? s really into pop music. 她很迷流行音乐。 4> I m fond of singing. be fond of 喜欢...; 爱好... Tom is fond of music. 汤姆喜爱音乐。 5> I surf the Internet all the time. surf the Internet上网(冲浪)上网的其他说法:go on the Internet; 6> Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. so is skiing (so后用倒装结构)也如此,也一样 I was tired, and so were the others. 我累了,其他人也一样。 (so置于句首,后面不倒装)确是如此,正是那样 “She is very good at swimming.” “So she is.”“她很擅长游泳.”“不错, 确实如此.” 7>Imagine you are alone on an island. You have to survive without friends.. alone a. 单独的,独自的ad. 单独地She watches TV when she is alone.独自一人时,她便看电视。 lonely a.1. 孤独的,孤寂的2. 偏僻的,人迹罕至的 I live alone, but I don?t feel lonely! 我独自住着,但并不感到孤独! 8> Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. so...that... 如此...以至于...,that在此引导结果状语从句(有时可省略) 1.这里的so后接形容词或副词或形容词加冠词加名词,另有固定搭配so few/many/much/little/等. 2.so加形容词或副词置于句首引起倒装So carelessly did he drive that he was killed in the accident. 9> Chuck is survive the crash and lands on a deserted island. crash vi.1. (发出猛烈声音地)碰撞,坠落2. (飞机等)坠毁,撞坏n.[C] 相撞(事故);(飞机的)坠毁,迫降 The motorcycle crashed into the fence. 摩托车猛地撞在围栏上。 An airliner crashed west of Denver last night. 昨夜一架客机在丹佛西边坠毁。 desert n. 沙漠;荒野 a.1. 沙漠的2. 荒芜的;无人居住的vt. 抛弃;遗弃;离弃 All his friends have deserted him! 他所有的朋友都抛弃了他! Nobody likes to live in that desert region. 没有人喜欢生活在那个沙漠地区。 10> He has to learn to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. hunt vt.1. 追猎,猎取2.搜索;寻找3. 追捕vi.1. 打猎2. 搜寻(+for/after) November is a good time to hunt deer. 十一月正是猎鹿的好时节。 11> In order to survive ,Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend. in order to 为了... We started early in order to arrive before dark. 为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了 1.so as to...,和in order to...同义,但前者一般不用于句首 2.否定式在to前加not The girl walked into the room quietly in order not to awake her roommates. 12> Chucks learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and it is important to have someone to care about. share vt.1. 均分;分配(+out/among/between) 2. 分享;分担;共同使用(+with/among/between) vi.分享;分担[(+in)] He shared with his friends in distress. 他和朋友共患难。 1 We shared in his joy. 我们分享了他的喜悦。 care about 关心;担心;在乎,介意(常用于否定句)care for 喜欢, 照顾, 关心 She cares only for(关心)herself and her family. She doesn't care for skating.她不喜欢滑冰。 13>I like to have fun. If you?re interested in being friends, drop me a line. fun n.[U]1. 娱乐,乐趣2. 玩笑,嬉戏3. 有趣的人(或事物) What fun we had! 我们玩得多开心! His uncle is fond of fun. 他的叔父喜欢开玩笑。 drop sb. a line = to write a short letter to sb .给某人写短信 Drop me a line when you get there. (到了给我个信儿啊). 14>My telephone wasn?t working. work vi.1. 工作(+at/on) 2. (机器等)运转,活动 3. 起作用;行得通 She works in a restaurant.她在一家饭店工作。The machine won t work.机器不转了。 Your suggestion works well.你的建议很有效。 15>My bike had a flat tire but I had no time to fix it. fix vt.1. 使固定;牢记2. 确定;决定[(+up)][+wh-][+to-v] 3. 修理;整理; Her image was fixed in his mind.她的形象深深印在他的脑海里。 fix one?s eyes/attention upon(on)...注意力集中在... 16>When I arrived at school, I ran into my friend Jonna. ran into 1. 撞到2. 偶遇 The bus got out of control and ran into a wall. 公共汽车失去控制,撞上了墙。 17>They told me they were proud of me. proud a.1. 骄傲的,有自尊心的2. 傲慢的,自负的3. 自豪的,得意的(+of)/+to-v/+(that) He?s too proud to speak to poor people like us. 他太骄傲了,从不与我们这样的穷人说话。 18> Despite the fact that they have never met each other, Michel and Xiao li are best friends. despite prep.不管,尽管;意同in spite of He went to work despite his illness.尽管生病,他还是去工作。 Despite advanced years, she is learning to drive. 尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。 that they have never met each other此为同位语从句,表示fact的内容. Unit 2 English around the world 1>Write a passage comparing American and British English. compare…with…表示“把……与……相比(同类相比)”, No one can compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies. 作为悲剧作家,没有人能同莎士比亚相比。compare…to…表示“把……比做……(异类相比,比喻)”。 Young people are compared to the sun at eight or nine in the morning. 年青人常被比作早晨八、九点钟的太阳。compared to/with与……比起来(常用作状语,可位于句首或句末) Compared to/with many people, she was indeed lucky. 2>What is it that Joe can t find in the bathroom? 本句为特殊疑问词开头的强调句型.强调句型的基本构成如下: It + is(was) + 被强调部分+ that(who) + 句子剩余部分. It was in the street that I found the purse. It is I who should be responsible for the incident. 3>Oh, there you are. there you are 行了.好了.这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语. 还可以表示"瞧!""对吧(果然如此)!"等语气. There you are! Then let s have some coffee. 好了,那我们来点咖啡吧. There you are! I knew we should find it at last. 对吧!我就知道我们一定能找到的. 4>You must be very tired. 这是一种推测,表示"一准是","一定是": ①Your brother must be in the library. I saw him just now. 否定式为can? t be If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。 5>We flew all the way direct from Seattle to London. all the way 从远道;一路上He was so happy that he sang all the way home. 6>You don t need to ask, just make yourself at home. need n. 需要;要求(+of/for)/+to-v We have no need to be afraid of them. 我们不必怕他们。 The factory is in great need of funds. 那家工厂急需资金。 vt. 需要,有...必要作为实义动词,need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。如: What do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我们需要带些什么? Will we need to show our passports? 我们需要出示护照吗? v. aux. (多用于疑问句和否定句)需要,必须 Need I type this letter again? 我需要重新录入将这封信吗? need doing 与need to be done ①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义; ②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。 The garden needs watering. 花园该浇水了。(说明:该用法相当于need to be done) 7> Make up another dialogue for three students and act it out in class. make up 1. 补足2. 编造3. 组成The whole story is made up.整个故事完全是虚构出来的。 The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. 医疗队由十二名医生组成。 act ... out 1. 把...表演出来2. 把...付诸行动We roared when Mary acted out the episode. 当玛丽绘声绘色地描述那件事时,我们哄然大笑起来。 They are determined to act out their ideal. 她们决心把自己的理想变成行动。 8>What do you mean by...?本句意为"你说(做)...什么意思?"这里的介词需要注意. What do you mean by saying "Judy is leaving the country."?你说茱迪要出国是什么意思? 9> An equal number of people learn English as a second language. a number of 很多,后接复数名词,谓语动词亦为复数. the number of 后接复数名词,谓语动词为单数 The number of students absent is five. 有五名学生缺席。 10> In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong. except for 1.除了...以外 2. 要不是由于 The composition is quite good except for the spelling. 这篇文章除了拼写以外,其他都不错。 I would go to the party with you except for my broken leg. 要不是因为我腿断了,我想与你一起去参加聚会。 except for 可以放句首,而except不可以, except排除同类事物,常与on, all, none. nothing, everything, anything 等表示包含全部的词连用,except for排除不同类事物.Everyone except me got an invitation. 11> With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.With so many people communicating 此为with的复合结构, 是“with+ 宾语+宾语补足语”结构,形式一with+宾语+形容词 He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。 形式二with+宾语+副词He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。 形式三with+宾语+名词He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。 形式四with+宾语+介词短语She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。 形式五with+宾语+现在分词(短语) He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。 形式六with+宾语+过去分词(短语)He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。 形式七with+宾语+不定式(短语) I can?t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。 12> The young father told his children to stand still. stand still 站在那儿一动不动,stand意为处于某种状态, 双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。 She stopped and stood quite still. 她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。 The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。 13> Mother told me to not to leave the door open after midnight. leave...open leave意为听任,使处于某种状态He left the windows open. 他让窗子开着。 He will never leave a job unfinished. 他干什么事从来没有不干完的. 14>How did the difference come about? come about 发生多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定句 How did this come about? 这事是怎么发生的? take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”, The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. happen作“发生、碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突发性事件,例如: I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home. 15> For a long time the language in America stayed the same. stay the same stay意为"继续,保持”,连系动词I hope the weather will stay fine.我希望天气能持续放晴。16> British and American English started borrowing words from other language, ending up with different words. end up with 以...为结局;结果会... It is not right to laugh at the disabled. Maybe some day you will end up with disabilities. 嘲笑残疾人是不对的.也许有一天你也会成为有残疾的人. 17> Except for these difference in spelling, written English is more or less the same. more or less 或多或少,有点儿;大约His explanation was more or less helpful.他的解释多少有些帮助。 18> However, most of the time people from the tow countries don t have difficulty in understanding each other. have difficulty in understanding做什么有困难,difficulty可用trouble替代,这里均用作不可数名词 I had no difficulty in getting in touch with him.我和他取得联系没有什么困难。 19> American English has changed over the centuries. over在...期间My grandchildren will stay over Christmas.我的孙儿孙女们圣诞节期间将呆在这儿。 20> They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own language. bring in 产生(利润、进息、收入);进口;引进 In America, pop singers may bring in millions of dollars each year. 在美国,流行歌手每年可以有数百万的收入. 21>Hi, long time no see.好久不见了.口语用法. It?s been nice talking to you. Bye. = It s nice talking to you = It s nice to talk to you 前者多见于分手时使用.后者见面也可以使用. 22>He has married a Chinese girl. marry vt. 娶;嫁,和...结婚vi. 结婚 He is going to marry Jane.他将与简结婚。和某人结婚多长时间了,即表示状态要用be married (to) 23>I wish we could see each other more often, but that s too difficult. 用于wish后面的从句用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设;用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的假设;用would + 动词原形表示一种希求。I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨。24>Not only did Xiaohua learn a lot of English from her Canadian teacher, she also became very interested in Canadian. not only...but also... 不仅……而且,but also有时仅用but或also .连接主语: Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television. 不仅我,而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。 在连接句子时,not only后面的句子要使用倒装结构. Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.对这件事不仅教授们有自己的看法,学生们也有自己的想法。 25>Write a letter in the name of Wang Ning to Mr Smith, who works for the newspaper 21st Century. in the name of以...的名义Stop doing that, in the name of God! 看在上帝份上,别干了! Unit 3 Going Places 1>What do you have to consider before you decide which means of transportation you will use? means n. 手段,;工具(单复数相同) It is all a means to an end. 这只是达到目的的一种手段。Every possible means has been tried, but none proved successful. 所有可能的方法都已经试过了,没有成功的. 2>Listen to the following boarding calls and write down the correct flight number and destination. destination 目的地,终点;目标,目的We reached our destination, tired and hungry. 到达目的地时,我们又累又饿。 3>People travel to meet friends, to experience life or simply to get away from cold weather. experience n.1. 经验,体验[U] 2. 经历,阅历[C] She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无生活经验。get away from 侥幸逃脱;逃离 Do you think you can get away with it?你认为你能逃避责罚吗? 4>Instead of spending your vacation on a bus or in a hotel, you may try hiking. instead ad.1. 作为替代2. 反而,却He is too busy, let me go instead. 他太忙了,让我去吧。try hiking 尝试,试行[+v-ing] Let s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲后边的门试试。 5>You will get close to nature and take exercise at the same time. close a.1. 近的,接近的(+to) 2. (关系)密切的,亲密的ad.1. 接近,靠近地(+to) 2. 紧密地,紧紧地 His house is close to the factory. 他家靠近该厂。She is a close friend of theirs. 她是他们的挚友。 6>The basic equipment for hiking is simple. equipment n.[U]1. 配备,装备2. 设备;器械;用具 The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year.把这个新医院的设备配齐要化一年时间。 The store sells tents and other camping equipment.这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营用具。 7> As with hiking,you should always think about your safety. as with 正如...一样 As with running, learning English needs will.正如跑步一样,学习需要意志。 8>Normal travel is often bad for the environment. Eco-travel, on the other hand, is a way to travel responsibly. be bad for 对...有害Reading in a dim light is bad for the eyes. 在暗淡的光线下看书有损视力。 responsibly ad. 负责地;有责任感地responsible a.1. 负责任的,承担责任的(+for/to) 2. 认真负责的;可信赖的Politicians are responsible to the voters. 政治家应对选民负责。 9>By staying at hotels, tourists can help the villagers make money. by doing 通过做什么He used to make a living by selling newspapers. 他以前靠卖报纸为生. 10>Try to get the other student to agree with you. get.to do 让...做,四个"使"动词中唯一用to do做补语的,很值得关注. I got him to stay for the night. 我说服他留下过夜。the other student the other+单数名词,表示两个当中的另外一个 the other students 所有其余的同学; another student 另一个同学(总数在三个以上); agree with 1. 同意某人(观点,说的话等) 2. 适合;相宜3. 和...一致(相符) agree to 同意计划,建议等; agree on(about) 在...问上意见一致 I don t agree with Phil on many things. 我和菲尔在许多事情上意见不一致。 11> I want to get up early, but my alarm clock didn?t go off. go off 1. 响起2. 变质3. 入睡4. 进行 The alarm went off. 警铃骤然响起。 12>Swimming with dolphins changed the way I think about myself. I think about myself 此为定语从句.当way为先行词并在从句中做状语时,关系词可以用in which或that或省略I did not like the way he talked to me.我不喜欢他跟我讲话的方式。 13>Pay attention to how dolphins use body language to communicate. pay attention to 关心;注意You should pay attention to your spelling. 你要注意拼写。 Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。 14>Add any other ideas that you may come up with. come up with 1. 赶上 2. (针对问题等)想出;提供 We came up with a group of tourists.我们赶上了一群旅游者。 15>Present your ideas to the class. present vt.1. 赠送,呈献(+to/with) 2. 引起(问题),造成(困难)(+to/with) 3. 提出,提交,呈递(+to) They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。 All this presented new safety problems. 所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。 Unit 4 Unforgettable Experiences 1>Describe peopl e, things, events and people?s feelings. event n.1. 事件,大事[C] 2. (比赛)项目[C] Winning the scholarship was a great event in the boy s life. 赢得这项奖学金是这个男孩一生中的一件大事。 Which events have you entered for?你参加了哪些比赛项目? 2> A strong earthquake took place. Hank was caught in the earthquake. be caught in 被困住;被卡住;遭遇, 淋雨be caught in the rain 3> Jeff pulled her up. He was standing, holding onto a tree. pull up 1. 向上拉;拔2. (使)停下来Don?t try to pull up the plant! 别拔那棵植物! The driver pulled up at the gate. 司机在大门前停下车子。 4> Jeff and Flora looked into each other s face with a look of fright. look into 朝...里面看; 在...里查资料;调查 He has promised to look into the matter他已经答应对这个问题进行调查 5>Another wave struck the house, and a strange cracking noise began. strike vt. 打, 撞击, 冲击, 罢工, 打动, 划燃, 敲钟点, 侵袭 vi. 打, 打击, 罢工, 抓, 敲, 搏动, 打动, 穿透He struck me with a stick他用一根棍子打我 At midday the clock strikes twelve. 正午时,钟敲十二点。 6> Can you work out what the underlined words refer to? refer to 提到;查阅;涉及Don? t refer to this matter again, please. 请别再提这件事。 7> Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt. one 代替上文中的单数名词(带不定冠词) I need a pen. Can you lend me one?我需要笔。你能借我一支吗? 8> As a result of the movement of these plates, west America has always been a bad place for earthquakes. as a result of 由于He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪他迟到了。 9> The population in and around San Francisco is ten times larger than it was in 1906. population 人口The population of this country rose by 10 percent.这个国家的人口增长了百分之十. Eight percent of the population of the country are farmers. Unit 5 The Silver Screen 1>Practise making comments and giving opinions. practice,后接非谓语动词用-ing形式. [举例]He practises speaking English every day.他每天练习说英语. comment n.1. 注释,评注(+on/about) 2. 批评,意见,评论(+on/about) vi.1. 做注解,做评注(+on/upon) 2. 发表意见,评论(+on/upon) vt. 注释,解释;评论[+(that)] He made no comments on our proposal. 他对我们的建议没有作评论。He did not comment on what I said.他对我的话未作评论。 2>Interview each other using the information in the short biographies. interview n.[C]1. 接见,会见2. (记者的)采访,访谈; 3. 面谈,面试 vt.1. 接见,会见;访问,采访2. 对...进行面谈,面试 We are now going to interview the Minister of Education.我们现在就去采访教育部长。 She has interviewed most of the applicants for the job.她已和大部分申请这份工作的人面谈过。 3>While still a student, she played roles in many plays. While still a student 在英语中有些表示时间,方式,条件,让步的从句有时可以省略一些成分: 如果主从句主语一致或从句主语为it,而且从句谓语含有be动词,那么,从句得主语和be动词可以省略. 4> She won many prizes while acting in some famous films. while acting现在分词前加上while或when,强调动作同时发生.前提是,分词的逻辑主语和句子主语一致. 5> The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. The reason why...is that... 这是特定句型,why引导定语从句,is后的用词为that,一般不用because. The reason why she did it is that she wouldn?t let her parents feel disappointed. 她为什么做那件事是因为她不想让父母失望。 6> Here he worked on a short film. work on 从事某工作She has been working on her novel since she came to the city. 自从来到这个城市,她一直在写小说. 7> This was the moment when Spielberg s career really took off. take off 1. 脱下; 2. 起飞3. 休假The plane will take off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了。 He took two weeks off in August. 他在八月份休假了两个星期。 8> When the park is hit by a storm, things started going wrong. go wrong 弄错;出问题了The sum is wrong, but I can t see where I went wrong. 总数错了,可是我看不出哪里算错了。 9> When asked about the secret of his success, Spielberg said that he owes much of his success to his wife and children. When asked about... 连词加过去分词结构,注意,这是分词和句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系. Even if invited, I won t go to her party.即使受到邀请,我也不会参加她的聚会. owe vt.1. 欠(债等)(+to/for) 2. (应)感激(+to) 3. 应该把...归功于(+to) I owe the landlord one hundred dollars./I owe one hundred dollars to the landlord. 我欠房东一百美元。We owe to Newton the principle of gravitation. 我们全靠牛顿才知道引力的原理。10> While watching Titanic, most people couldn?t help crying when it came to the scene. couldn?t help doing 情不自禁做...;忍不住做... On hearing the news, she couldn?t help bursting into tears. 听到这个消息,她忍不住放声大哭. 11> The village leader asks Minzhi to take his place until he comes back. take one?s place 准备好;各就各位;取代某人 Take your place for the next dance. 各就各位,准备跳下一只舞。 12> She tries to keep the students in the classroom by locking them up and running after those who escape. run after 追赶,追踪;追逐(对象等) The dog is always running after children. 这条狗总是在追小孩. escape vi.1. 逃跑;逃脱(+from) 2. 避免(+from/out of) 3. 漏出;流出(+from/out of) vt.1. 逃避;逃脱;避免[+v-ing] 2. 没有被...注意到;被...忘掉 The soldier escaped from the enemy?s prison. 这个士兵从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。 Her name escapes me. 我记不起她的名字了。He escaped being punished. 13> She becomes worried and determines to bring him back safely. determine vt.1. 决定[+to-v][+(that)] 2. 使决定,使下决心 She determined to go that very afternoon. 她决定就在那天下午走。 My mom?s encouragement determined me to go on with my study.我母亲的鼓励使我决心继续学业。 14> Minzhi wants to go to town, but she can t afford to buy a bus ticket. afford vt.1. (常与can, could, be able to连用)买得起;有足够的...(去做...)[+to-v] They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not. 他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。 We can t afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。 15> She wants them to let her appear live on the air. live 此处意为实况播送的(a./adv.) 还可表示“活的” a live fish 活鱼 We watched a live television show. 我们观看了一场电视现场直播的表演。 16> If you think highly of the film you may encourage other people to go and see it. think highly of 高度赞扬;高度评价类似意思的短语还有think well of; sing high praise of等等. 17> Fast Internet connections and computers lead to people downloading and watching films on line. lead to 1. 通到2. 导致 This road leads to the hotel. 这条路通到旅馆。Smoking can lead to lung cancer. 抽烟可能导致肺癌。 18> Chan prefer his Hong Kong films. prefer vt.1. 宁可,宁愿(选择);更喜欢[+v-ing][+to-v][+(that)] I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities.我喜欢安静的乡村胜过喧闹的城市。 So you prefer living abroad? 那么你是宁愿旅居海外啦? Unit 6 Good manners 1> Just ask me next time if you want to use the bike, will you? 祈使句的反意问句常用will you或won?t you,否定祈使句只能用will you Jack, remember to clean the blackboard after class, will you? Don?t make any noise in the classroom, will you? 2> make use of the expressions make use of 利用You should make good use of your spare time. The result depends on the use we make of the energy. 3>I guess it wasn?t really your fault, was it? 主句为第一人称,谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句, 疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I don t think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can t she? 4> You are looking for two seats to sit down, but there are none. no one / nobody 常用来指人,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式;nothing 常用来指物,作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式;none 可指人也可指物,作主语时,如和of 连用指不可数名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式;指可数名词时,谓语动词用单、复数均可。 No one likes a person with bad manners. Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. None of them has / have seen me before. None of this money belongs to me. 注意:1 )none 可与of 连用表示范围,而no one / nobody 及nothing 不可。 2 )none 可用来回答How many / much…?的特殊疑问句;而no one / nobody 及nothing 则分别用来回答Who…?和What…?的特殊疑问句。如: — How many birds are there in the tree?— None. — What is in the box?— Nothing. — Who is in the classroom?— No one / Nobody. 3 )none 可用来回答“ any + 名词”构成的一般疑问句:而nobody 和nothing 则分别用来回答由anybody 和anything 构成的一般疑问句。如:— Is there any bread left?— No,none at all. — Is there anything in the sky?— No,nothing. 4 )none 可用来指代前面提到过的人或物;如无指代时可用no one / nobody 及nothing .如:We had three cats once — none of them is alive now. 5> People who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time… for the first time的意思是"作为第一次"。如:He cast his net for the first time. 他撒了第一网。for the first time 的作用相当于一个副词。 the first time 第一次, The first time I saw her, my heart almost stopped.(此句the first time做连词) 6> Knowing them will help you make a good impression. knowing them 动名词短语在句中做主语Seeing is believing. make a good impression (on) 给某人留下好印象leave a good impression (on) 7>Having good manners means knowing how to drink a toast and how to behave at table. having good manners 动名词短语在句中做主语 knowing... 动名词短语在句中做宾语 mean knowing mean doing 意味着做什么To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.增加工资意味着增加购买力。mean to do 打算,有意做什么I mean to go to Nanjing. 我打算去南京。 8> You get a bowl of soup-but only one bowl and never ask for a second serving. a second serving 不定冠词a/an用在序数词前,表示“又一……,再一……”等。 I need a second day to finish my work. He has already tried for three times, and he still wants to try a fourth. 9>It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate. finish eating finish后接-ing形式. I must finish doing my homework first. 我必须先把我的作业完成。 10> raise vt. 抚养;提高;饲养;提出;举起;筹款 They both worked in order to ~ the children. Those who have questions please ~ their hands. They have ~d enough money for the school for the deaf. 11> drink too much alcohol too much修饰或指代不可数名词;much too而修饰形容词或副词 We both have too much work to do.我们俩都有很多工作要做。 I'm afraid that this cap is much too big for me.这顶帽子我戴恐怕太大了。 12> take turns playing different roles in the discussion take turns doing sth. “轮流干…”,turn是名词。 The two teams take turns speaking. 两支队伍轮流发言。 It?s one?s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事It's your turn to make a decision.该你来做出决定了。 turn one?s turn to do sth=do sth in turn=do sth by turns 作动词用:转动,转向,翻转 turn right/left=turn to the right/left turn to sth./sb.(for help) turn to page 84 作系动词用:变得……turn green/yellow 变绿/黄了 Ten years later,he turned _________ teacher. A./ B.a C.an D.the 注: 此题考查turn作连系动词的特殊用法,即turn作连系动词时后接表语名词,省略冠词. 答案为A. 如果turn 后加into 则须在名词前加冠词a. Unit 7 Cutural Relics 1>Complete the map of each site based on what you hear on the tape. base...on...以..为依据;根据... A good marriage is based on trust. 美满的婚姻是建立在互相信任的基础上的. 2>This compsule will be sent into space. space 作太空讲,通常没有冠词I wonder how astronauts live in space. 3> Where there is a river, there is a city. where引导状语从句有志者事竟成. Where there is a will, there is a way. 4> Paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground. lie躺;位于过去式,过去分词为lay; lain lie 撒谎;过去式,过去分词为lied; lied lay 摆放;产卵;下蛋;过去式.过去分词为laid; laid 5> We? ll not let our history and culture be destroyed and we?ll do everything we can to save our city. do everything we can to save 尽最大努力做...;不定式做目的状语do all I can to do 6> Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersberg are the modern heroes of Russia. Strong, proud and united为前置定语,这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句。Confident, selfless and honest, she is my good role model. 她自信、无私、诚实,是我的楷模。 7> To make your voice heard, you can write a letter to a newspaper editor. make your voice heard heard为过去分词做宾补,和voice是动宾关系. Please speak slowly so that you can make yourself understood. 8> Why was it difficult to find out how people lived in the ancient times? in the ancient times在古代times表示年代 The times are different now. Women can also do what men can do. 9> In China 700 million yuan has been spent on the protection of cultural relics since 1990. 主语是表示“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”的复数, 谓语一般用单数。Twenty years is not a long time in history.20年是历史上的一瞬。One million dollars is not a small sum of money.一百万美元不是一笔小数目As the result of the dam, the water level was going to rise by 63 metres. by 至...程度 The bullet missed him by two inches. It needs to be longer by two feet. 10> The old temples date from about 1250 BC. date from = date back to意思是“回溯至……”, “始于”,常用一般现在时,没有被动形式. The castle dates back to the 14th century.这座城堡是在十四世纪建造的. The custom dates from ancient times.这个习惯是从古代开始的. 11>Many of the temples would be covered by the waters of the new lake. waters 表示大片水域既可用作单数又可用作复数但意义不同的名词air 空气 airs 风度,架势custom 习俗 customs 海关manner 举止;方式 manners 礼貌,风度;规矩,风俗time时间 times时代 sand沙子sands沙滩wood木头 woods树林 12> Today you can either fly to Abu Simbel or you can take a boat from across the lake. from across the lake 从湖泊的对面,from可加介词短语from under the table 13>Make sure that you explain what the problem is... make sure证实;确定Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave. Before writing your report, you d better make sure of all your facts. Unit 8 Sports 1>What do the five Olympic rings stand for? stand for 代表;象征 In a kind of alphabet for the blind, different finger positions ~ letters of the alphabet. 2>How many gold medals did China win the 2000 Olympic Games? win vi/vt 赢;赢得(奖金,比赛,奖牌,荣誉等) 中文里A 赢了B,英文中需用beat(打败)而不是win. She beat me at tennis 她打网球赢了我。 3> Each question is worth one point. worth a. 有(...的)价值,值... This necklace is worth 1,000 US dollars. That novel is not worth reading. The exhibition is worth a visit. 4> Congratulations! You really know the Olympics well. congratulations祝贺;恭喜(常用复数) a letter of congratulations 5> I prefer...to... prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth 宁愿(做)..而不愿(做).. He preferred going to the cinema to watching TV at home. 6> I?d rather watch it than play it. would rather 宁可,宁愿. 后接动词原型,否定句在rather后加not I?ll never be dependent on anyone again. I?d rather starve. would rather后也可跟从句,表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。这时,从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用一般过去时表示过去现在或将来要做的事;用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。I?d rather she set out to do the work now. 我宁愿她现在就着手做这项工作。 I?d rather you met h er at the airport tomorrow morning. 我但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她。 7> Every four years athletes take part in the Olympics. Every four years 每四年或每隔三年Take the medicine every five hours. 每隔一天every second day; every other day; every two days 每隔数百米every few hundred metres take part (in) 参加(...活动) 8>Most of the sports were the same as they are now. the same as..先行词为same或含有same时,后面的定语从句关系词用as,表示和...同样的 I have the same T-shirt as you. 9>Women were not allowed to take part in the games. allow allow sb to do/allow doing Visitors are not allowed to go inside the temple. We don t allow smoking in the offices. 10>The Olympic motto means that every athlete should try to run faster,junp higher and throw further. furthera./ad. 1. 更远的;较远的2. 另外的;进一步的;深一层的3. 而且;另外;再者 Do you need further help? It s getting dark. We had better not go any further. 11>Following the history-making success in the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, China won another competition in 2001 which was not for a medal. Following... 分词做状语.意为"继2000悉尼奥运会取得历史性的成功后..." 12>What will be done in preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing? in preparation for 为...作准备He sharpened his knife in preparation for carving the meat. 相应的动词短语为make preparations for We made preparations for the trip. 13>Being the host will have good and bad effect on the host city. have effect on 对..起作用;对...产生影响This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son. 14>They will make the flags by hand. by hand用手 She went to prepare him a meal with her own hands. 她去亲手为他做一顿饭。 He was an old hand at the job.他做这工作是老手了。 15>Yao Ming scored 32.4 points per game. score vt.1. (体育比赛中)得(分),记(分);使得分; 2. (考试等中)得(分); 3. 给...打分,给...评分He only scored nine hundred marks. Mary scored the highest marks on the exam. score n. 意为“二十”,它与dozen, hundred, thousand, million等词一样,前面有确定 数字时,不加s,但可以与介词of连用,但hundred, thousand和million前面 有确定数词时,不能跟of短语。没有确定数词时加s及of表示许许多多。 如: a dozen pencils 一打铅笔 two score years 四十年 a score of eggs 二十个鸡蛋three hundred students 三百名学生 hundreds of students 数百名学生 The bus can hold two score and ten people. 这辆汽车可以容纲50人。Scores of people took part in the game. 许多人参加了这次比赛。 16>Yao Ming has more than just size. more than 不仅仅是Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉. ● A. “More than+名词”表示“多于……”、“非但……尤其是”如: Jason is more than a lecturer;he is a writer,too. ● B. “More than+数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意I have known David for more than 20 years. ● C. “More than+形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思, She was dressed more than simply. ● D. 在“More……than……”中,肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的,约等于“是……而不是……”Hearing the loud noise,the boy was more surprised than frightened. ● E. “More than”或“More……than……”+含“can”的分句时表示“否定意”,That's more than I can do. ● F. “No more……than……”表示“不……;不如……”,I can no more do that than anyone else. 17>Yao Ming is working hard to live his dream. Live 实践;经历;实现 None of the others have lived my experiences. 其他人没有一个经历过我的这些遭遇。 18>Athletes set a good example for young sports fans. set a good example for 给...树立好的榜样还可以这么说: set sb a good example 19>Every day the big man weighs himselff to see whether he has put on weight. put on weight 长胖;体重增加lose weight 减肥 weigh vt/vi 称...的重量; 称重多少... He weighed the parcel by hand.他用手估量那个包裹的重量。20>What about those who don t make lots of money? What about 同how about,意为...怎么样? 用来征求意见或询问看法.后接名词,代词或动名词 How about the two of us going to dance on Sunday? 21>Even if they do become the best, they may never be as famous as the bog stars. do become do用来对become进行强调Do remember to bring your exercise book tomorrow. I did see him the street this morning. Wh y didn?t you believe me? Unit 9 Technology 1> as many...as和...一样多;有...那么多Take as many books as you want. as much...as 指代或修饰不可数名词Some students are spend as much as 200 yuan on their cellphones. 2>If you turn a left-handed glove inside out, it will fit on a right hand. fit vi/vt 适合;适应;装备n.合身a. 合适的;恰当的;健康的suitable 的动词形式是suit, 与动词fit 都有“合适”之意,但也有区别。以衣服为例,fit 是指大小尺寸合适,而suit 则是表示衣服穿着很好看,包括款式和花式都合适。 (1)Do you think this style suits me? 你觉得这种款式适合我穿吗? (2)These shoes don't fit me—have you got a larger size? 这鞋我穿着不合适——你们有大一点的吗? 3> Well,it depends. it depends 看情况而定 depend on 依赖;取决于I knew he wasn?t to be depended upon. 我知道他不可信赖。 4> I?m not so sure about that.sure a. 1. 确信的,有把握的2. 一定的,必定的3. 确实的;可靠的I?m not sure whether our team will win.我不能肯定我队是否能赢。We are sure of his innocence.我们确信他是无辜的。 5>I should be home in about ten minutes. should 应该,但此处是一种推断、猜测,而非义务,责任等 She should be here any minute.她该马上就到。Dinner should be ready by now.此刻晚饭应该做好了。 should 作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可……”、“倒……”。例如:I should say that it would be better to try it again.我倒是认为最好再试一试。should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以why,who,how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。How should I know it ?我怎么会知道这件事? Why should you be so late today ?你今天怎么来得这么晚? should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,通常译为“可能”、“总该……吧”,相当于be expected to .例如:They should be home by now,I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧。 6> New functions are being added to the phones. add...to把..加到..上面去 add to... 增加add up 把...加起来add up to 总计add that-clause 补充说 7> An electronic calendar will remind you about appointments and important dates. remind提醒; 使想起remind sb of/about sth/sb ; remind sb to do ; remind sb that-clause 8> She says that her cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do. whatever无论什么,此处引导名词性从句whatever还可引导让步状语从句,相当于 no matter what No matter what you do(Whatever you do),you must do it well. 9> It is the year 2374 and the machines have taken over. take over接管;接受When he retired, his eldest son took over the farm. 他退休后,他的长子接管了农场. 10> They have to repair machines when they break down. break down抛锚;垮了;坏了The car broke down on the way to the forest. He didn?t take care of his health and at last his health broke down.他不注意自己的身体,最终身体垮了. 11> Instead, the students have decided to come up with a peaceful solution. come up with提出;提供;想出;赶上 Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world s food supply. 科学家们必须为增加世界粮食供应提供新方法. 12> Imagine that you are one of those chosen to solve the problem. imagine vt. 想像;猜想,料想(后接名词,代词,动名词或宾语从句) vi. 想像,猜想 I can?t imagine what has happen ed. 我想像不出发生了什么事。 imagine doing sth. I can?t imagine myself teaching in front of that many people.我不能想象自己在那么多人面前教书。 13> If you practise reading and thinking in this way, you?ll become a smarter reader. practise reading and thinking后接名词,代词或动名词 You should keep practising speaking English, if you want to learn it well. 想学好英语,你应该坚持练习说英语. 14> If they succeed, they believe humans and machines can live together like friends. succeed vi. 成功vt.接续;继承He succeeded in getting the job. 他谋得了那份工作。 Our plan has succeeded. 15> The more we know, the more we can imagine. The more...the more... 越...越... The harder you work, the more progress you will make. 16> Can you think of some examples to prove this idea? prove vt. 证明,证实vi. 证明是;原来是I?ll prove to the world that he was right. 我将向世人证明他是对的。My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。 17>Computers and the Internet are among the latest great inventions to change the world. among 在...中间,此处指其中之一He s among the students who are good at English. latest a.1. 最新的;最近的2. 最迟的ad. 最迟地;最近地 She is dressed in the latest Paris fashion她身穿巴黎最新款式的时装 He was the latest person to come.他是最晚来的人。 Unit 10 The World Around Us 1>When farmers cut down trees, tigers no longer hide and hunt. no longer 不再,可与not...any longer换用.She no longer feels afraid. He s no longer at school. No longer are they staying with us. 他们不再和我们在一起. 2>There are few areas left where pandas can live. left 剩下,此处为过去分词做定语。 leave的特别用法:1.leave sb to do 让某人去做某事2.leave sb doing 使某人处于某种状态 3.leave the window open 让窗户开着 3> Why is it so important to make sure that animals do not die out? die out消亡;灭绝die away 逐渐消失;逐渐停止 The sound of conversation died away as soon as the curtain rose. 大幕一升起,谈话的声音渐渐地停了下来. In the struggle for life, the species, which had not been successful, died out. 在生存竞争中,不能成功的物种就灭绝了. 4> Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered. keep...from doing 防止(阻止;避免)...做... from不能省略 stop...from doing; prevent...from doing 意思基本相同,from能省略 5> We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us. could本句为虚拟语气用法,could表示反现实的含义.without短语相当于一个隐藏的条件:if there were no plants and animals around us.If you needed assistance, I could do something. 假如你需要帮助,我可以帮你做点什么.(看样子,你不愿接受帮助) In the USA, for example,75% of the grains is used to feed animals. This grain could be used to feed humans, rather than animals. 6> ...,we may be able to take measures before it is too late. take measures采取措施Measures must be taken to fulfil the task in time. 7>They are all used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat. that is那就是;即John is a New Yorker; that is, he lives in New York. 8> Even small things can make a big difference. make a difference有关系;有差别;重要make no difference 无甚差别;不要紧 Your good score on the coming test will make the difference between your passing or failing the course. 9> Professor Stevenson, who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer, gave a talk to Chinese college students. devoted ... to ...把...献给...;把...专用于... We must devote every effort to helping those homeless children. Einstein devoted himself to abstract research. 10> Without air, water and sunlight there would be no living things. there would be would仍是虚拟语气用法,全句意为(假如)没有空气,水和阳光,就不会有生命. (而实际上, 现在不可能没有空气,水和阳光) If I were you, I would take his advice. 如果我是你,我会接受他的意见.(我不可能是你,这是和事实相反的一种假设) 11> May be we should learn from nature and become better recyclers. learn from向...学习;从...吸取教训 We should learn from the advanced workers.我们应该向先进工作者们学习. Why don t you learn from my mistakes? 你为何不从我的错误中吸取教训呢? 12> Try to persuade the other group members that you are the most useful animal. persuade sb that/to do/into doing 意为说服+成功;try to persuade意为试图说服,但不一定成功,相当于advise 13> They have spent a large amount of money protecting wild animals. a large amount of 同large amounts of,后接不可数名词,做主语时谓语动词的数取决于amount的数The number of letters we receive is increasing.I have a large number of books on the subject. Large amounts of money were spent on this building. 14> Up to a hundred species become extinct every day. Up to 此处意为高达... What are you up to? 你在忙些什么? It?s up to you!(由你做主)I?m up to my ears[忙得不可开交;深陷于某事物中] in work.(我忙死了) 15>There are also people who like to keep Malayan sun bearts as pets. keep ... as ... 把...当作宠物来喂养keep…as it is按原样保留··· The experts suggested we keep the ancient house as it is. 16>Now that the basic conditions are set, it is time to think how your world will work . Now that既然;由于,引导原因状语从句Now (that) you are well again, you can travel. Unit 11 The Sound of The World 1>practising giving advice and making suggestions. suggestion make/give some suggestions suggest vt.建议(后接动名词短语或宾语从句);暗示 建议的内容在以suggestion的同位语从句,表语从句等以及suggest的宾语从句形式出现时,从句用虚拟语气形式.其基本构成为should+动词原型,should可省略. My suggestion is that we should add some sand to the soil. We suggested the work be done at once. I suggest holding a meeting to discuss the problem. 2> You want to find a good song to dance to. dance to... 伴着...跳舞sing to...伴着...唱歌 dance to rock music 合着摇摆舞曲跳舞sing to the piano 钢琴伴唱 3> Have you considered doing...? consider doing考虑做某事 consider...(as/to be)... 认为...是...;把...看作...consider...to have done 认为...做过(了)... considering... 介词,考虑到 4> Here is a brief look at some of the exciting musical styles from another world. exciting a. 令人兴奋的;激动人心的excited a. 感到兴奋的;激动的 excite vt. 使...兴奋;使...激动excitement n. 兴奋;激动excitedly adv.兴奋地;激动地 The dance seemed to excite the surrounding bees. The excited girls were now opening their Christmas gifts. There was excitement everywhere when the news came that we had won the first prize. 5>The blues comes from African songs that people used to sing when working or during used to后接动词原型,表示过去常做.be(become/get/seem...) used to (doing) sth 习惯(做)某事be used to do 被用来做某事 6>Today s American culture contains many different musical styles. contain vt. 包含;容纳The jar contains ten glasses of water. 这只大口瓶能装十杯水。The pill contains vitamins.这药丸中含有多种维生素。 7>Hip-hop and rap have much in common with blues and rock. have much in common有很多共同之处,意同have a lot in common have nothing in common 无共同之处We are good friends because we have many things in common. 7> The house where he once lived has been turned into a museum. turn...into...把...变成/翻译/改写成... The barren land has been turned into fertile fields. 贫瘠的土地已改成良田。Water has turned into ice.水已经结成了冰。 8> Rock and pop music are becoming more and more similar. similar a.1. 相像的,相仿的,类似的[(+to)] His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。My view is similar to yours.我的看法与你相似。They had similar views.他们意见相似9> Rock,on the other hand,make music their life.They play music to sastify their inner desire. on the other hand on (the) one hand 一方面On the one hand the price is cheap,but on the other hand the quality is poor. 10> They play music to satisfy their inner desire. satisfyvt.使满意,使高兴;使满足(+with);满足(需要,欲望等);符合,达到(要求,标准等) That answer won t satisfy her.那个回答不能令她满意。 Our company will do everything to satisfy our customers.我们公司将尽一切努力令顾客满意。 You can t apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.符合某些条件前,你不能申请这个工作satisfactory a. 令人满意的;符合要求的;良好的satisfaction n. 满意,满足;称心 satisfied a. 感到满意的; 令人满意的; 满足的satisfying a. 满意的;充分的;确信的 11> The band has four hits in 1970. hit n.[C]打击;击中;成功而风行一时的事物 They got five hits and one miss.他们五次击中,一次未中。 The new play is the hit of the season.这出新戏是本季最叫座的。 12>Michael s first record sold eight million copies in America. sell此处意为:达到...销售额 The novel has sold about two hundred thousand copies. 这部小说已销售约二十万册。sell vt.卖,销售;【口】欺骗;背叛,出卖 vi. 卖,出售;(商品)(以...价格)售出(+at/for);有销路He sold his bike to me for $40. 他以四十美元的价钱把自行车卖给了我。 13>Michae has had an easy life. easy此处意为: 安逸的,安乐的;宽裕的 The rich young woman has an easy life.那位富有的年轻女人过着舒适的生活。 14>Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone. once more同once again,再一次John s back home once more.约翰又回家了。 15>Money was also thought to be important. think...(to be)...认为,以为,后接宾语从句或宾语加宾语补语 We thought it our duty to take care of the orphans. 我们认为照顾这些孤儿是我们的职责。 16>In the 1960s,song writers turned to other subjects. turn to(注意力等)转移;(想法等)转变;翻转到;求教;求助When I am in difficulty, I always turn to him for help. 我有困难时总是找他帮忙。Let?s turn to page 8.让我们翻到第八页。 The conversation turned to fishing.话题转到了捕鱼上。 17>Many young students were angry with society,so songs were full of anger. angry发怒的,生气的(+at/with/about) Don?t be angry with me for not having written. 别因为我没有写信而生我的气。 Unit 12 Art And Literature 1>Can you match them with the correct painters? match vt. 和...相配,和...相称The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie. 衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。 n.1. 比赛,竞赛2. 对手;相配者vt.1. 使较量,使比赛(+against/with);2. 敌得过,比得上(+for/in); 3. 使比较;使成对,使相配(+with)vi. 相配,相适合(+up) Our side beat the other in the match.我方在竞赛中击败了对方。 The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match.蓝衬衫和灰领带很相配。 2> We pick up a book and lose ourselves in a good story,eager to find out what will happen next. lose ourselves in...使沉湎于The boy soon lost himself in the book.这男孩不久便专心地看起书来 eager a.1. 热心的, 热切的2. 渴望的,急切的(+for/to-v/that) She is eager for success.她渴望成功。I?m eager to do it. 我极想做这件事。 3> It is a world of magic and wonders. a world (of...) 一个...的世界;大量,无数(+of)The blind people live in a dark world. 盲人生活在黑暗的世界里。The vacation did me a world of good.假期对我大有好处。 4> JK Rowling has written a series of books about Harry Potter. a series of一系列的;连续的 This publishing firm is planning a new series of school textbooks. 这家出版公司正打算出一套新的系列教材。 5>The magic,many strange creatures and the adventures Harry comes across help him understand the real world. come across 1. 走过来;2. 偶然碰到;3. 出现于 We came across an old man lying in the road.我们碰见一位老人躺在路上。 A very good idea came across his mind.他的脑海里出现一个好主意。 6>Harry has to fight against bad wizard and do the right thing. fight against和...斗争;为反对...而斗争fight with 和...斗争;fight for 为争取...而斗争 We must fight against pollution. They have been fighting for human rights. 7>You must believe in what you do and who you are if you want to succeed in the magical world and the real one. believe in 1. 信仰2. 信任3. 相信...的效用 Christians believe in Jesus. 基督徒信仰耶稣。We believe in him.我们信任他。 8> It sounded like a woman crying. sound连系动词, “听起来,听上去” The music sounds very pleasing to the ear. 这音乐听起来十分悦耳。 类似用法的词还有:taste 吃起来..;smell闻起来...;look看上去...;feel摸上去... 9> We help the writer by pretending that what we read is like real life. In a way, we are writing the book... In a way在某种程度上The work is well done in a way. 从某种程度上说,这工作做得不错。in the way;in one?s way 妨碍;挡路 in this way 用这种方法on the way 在...途中 Her social life got in the way of her studies.她的社交生活妨碍了学业。 10>Not all of them were safe. not all not和all,both或every连用,为部分否定 Not all the answers are right.Both of the books are not useful. 11> Work together and see who can make up the best story from the pictures below. make up1. 补足2. 编造3. 组成We need $50 to make up the sum required. 我们需要五十元以补足所需要的数目。 The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. 医疗队由十二名医生组成。 12>I used to play badminton twice a week,but I have got out of the habit recently. get out of 1.逃避2. 放弃I couldn t get out of going to that wedding.我不能逃避出席婚礼。 He got out of the bad habit.他改掉了这个坏习惯。 Unit 13 Healthy eating 1. stomach n. 肚子,胃,复数为stomachs。 2. plenty of充分的,大量的,既可修饰cn. 或ucn. 在否定句中常用many 或much。 Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone. 3. probably 与possibly比较 (1)probably 极有可能, 有几分根据的猜测; 比possibly所指的可能性大些。 He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him. He will probably win. 他工作努力,人也聪明;很多人愿意帮助他。他极有可能取胜。 (2)possibly 可能地。可能性比probably小,经常与情态动词can 或may 连用。She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation. 她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家。 4. promise v. & n. 允诺;答应;有指望,有前途后接名词或代词、不定式、that 从句 It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午有望转暖。He is a promising boy. 他是一个有前途的男孩。 名词用法:make a promise 许下诺言give a promise 许下诺言 keep a promise 信守诺言carry out a promise 履行诺言break a promise违背诺言 5. The same goes for “crash diets” that some companies say will make us lose weight fast. 某些公司所说的迅速减肥食品也是一样的。(1)go for…适用于……;应用于…… He thought the lunch was terrible, and the same goes for all the rest of us, too. 他认为这顿午餐糟透了,我们也有同感。 (2)lose weight 减肥;与weight构成的词组还有:put on weight=gain weight 变胖;over weight过重,超重; under weight重量不足,缺斤短两;by weight 以重量计算 6. If our body is short of any of its kind, we?ll become sick. 如果我们的身体缺少任何一种,我们就会生病。 (1)be short of 缺少I?m short of money this week, can you lend me some? 这个星期我缺钱,你能借给我一点吗? (2)run short 几乎用光We?ve run short of oil. 我们已经用光油了。 7. Cook the chicken and cut it into small pieces.将鸡肉煮熟并把它切成小块。 cut短语总结:(1)cut into…把……切成 Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water.蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里。(2)cut up 切碎 Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。 (3)cut down 砍倒;削减If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land. 如果你砍伐树木,就会毁坏土地。 (4)cut off 切断,停掉Our water supply has been cut off again. 我们的供水再次中断。 8.contain作为组成部分而被包含在内;include作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去。 Books contain knowledge.书籍蕴含知识 Everybody had something to say, me included.The bottle contains water. 这个瓶子里有水。 The speech contained some interesting ideas. 这个讲演包括一些有趣的思想。 At least 20 people got hurt, including five children. 包括五个孩子在内至少20人受伤。 9.a bit ,a little 修饰动词或形容词,修饰名词时a bit用a bit of , a bit tired; not a bit=not at all not a little= very/much 10. advise 用法(1)advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事。advise that…(should) + 动词原形 I advise you to leave now. 我建议你现在就离开。 I advise waiting till the proper time. 我建议等到适当时机(才行动)。 We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我们建议立即采取措施。 Unit 14 Festivals 1. dress up (1)穿上最好衣服(2)乔装打扮 例:Let's dress up and go out to the theatre. 我们穿戴整齐到戏院看戏吧。 They dressed their children up for the New year's Day. 他们给孩子们穿上衣服过新年。 The children are dressing up as pirates. 孩子们正在装扮成海盗。 2. Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans.(现在分词作后置定语,表示名词中心词与分词是主动关系。) Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival created to celebrate the culture and history of African Americans.(过去分词作后置定语,表示名词中心词与分词是被动关系。) The dog following Mr. Wang into the room is my dog. 那只跟着王老师进来的狗是我家的狗。 The man followed by a group of students is our teacher, Mr. Wang. 被一群学生跟在后面的那个男人是我们的王老师。 3.dress, put on, wear, have on dress 常接sb./oneself He dressed himself in a hurry and rushed out. put on 表动作,宾语是衣服、鞋、帽、袜子Put on more clothes or you will catch a cold. wear 表状态,除衣服外还可以是戴手表、花,留发型、胡须 He is wearing a yellow cold today. have on 表状态,无进行时。She always has a red cold on 4. as well as 与…一样好,不仅…而且… Christine can speak Japanese as well as English His children as well as his well were invited to the party. A as well as B …谓语动词单复词由A决定。as well as 与as well 同意,但常用来连接两个并列成分,可译为:“除……之外;和”。强调的重点在第一个成分。如果连接的两个并了成分作主语,谓语动词的数和第一个成分一致。He gave me money as well as advice. 她除了给我忠告外,还给我钱。 You as well as I are right. 我是对的,你也是对的。 5. As we celebrate them, we make new history and develop our culture. 当我们在庆祝它们的时候,我们是在写新的历史篇章和发展我们的文化。as的用法很多。 (1)作为:We often regard him as our teacher. 我们常把他当作我们的老师。(2)当……的时候:As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 他年纪越来越大,除了喜欢园艺外,对一切都是失去了兴趣。(3)因为(常放在句首) As she's been ill, perhaps she'll need help.她由于生病可能需要些帮助。 (4)尽管,虽然(用于形容词或者副词等的后面);Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 尽管我还小,但对要从事职业已经胸有成竹了。 6. have/ lose faith in…对…有/失去信心I have faith in you, you will do it well. Keep/break faith with somebody 对…某人守/不守信用 We will not treat him as our friend as he breaks faith with us. 7. light v. (lighted/ lighted; lit/ lit) 浅色的;轻的,轻便的;轻微的,微弱的//n. 光,光亮;发光体,灯; (火柴等发出的)火,火花;//v. 点火,生火,点燃;照亮,照明;亮起来//adv. 轻轻地;轻便地,轻装地。动词light的过去分词有lit和lighted两种形式,但在用法上有区别:一般说来,过去分词作定语时,应用lighted,其他情况下则要用lit。如:He has lit a match. 他点燃了一根火柴。 This room has a lot of windows and is very light. 这间屋子有很多窗户,非常明亮。 She was in a light blue dress. 她穿着浅蓝色的衣服。 A light rain began to fall. 下起一阵小雨。The light energy comes from the sun. 光能来自太阳。 Turn off the lights when you go out of the room. 离开房间时关上灯。 Mother did not light the stove. 母亲没有生炉子。This room is lighted by electricity. 这个房间用电照明。 8.for oneself 为自己,亲自by oneself =alone独自一人,单独地 in oneself 本身to oneself 只给自己be oneself 身体正常 9. . ...the yearly festivals represent our love for family, friends and life. yearly a. 每年的,一年一次的ad. 每年;一年一度 I make a yearly trip to the mountains.我每年进一次山。 Interest is paid yearly.利息一年支付一次。Weekly, annual, monthly 也是 10. 辨析by ,with by 后面接表动作,行为的方法或手段接单数名词时不加冠词。He was wounded by rolling stones. with后面接表工具的词We see with our eyes. He was wounded a stone. 11. 辨析clothing, clothes, dress 和costume: clothing, clothes, dress, costume 的主要区别:clothing 为衣服的总称;clothes 指的是具体的身上穿的衣服。dress 为礼服;costume指的是工作服。 Unit15 The necklace 1. That's because of hard work ---ten years of hard work. 那都是因为艰苦劳动造成的——十年的艰苦劳动啊! because of是介词短语,后面接名词,代词或动名词。because是连词,连接从句,表原因。例如:Because he didn't work hard, he failed in his final examination. 由于他学习不刻苦努力,所以在期末考试中他失败了。 2. recognize v. (1)“识别,认出”强调从外表上辨认出,指一时性的动作。know是状态性动词,表示认识他, 在一定程度上还对他有所了解,指长久性的一种情况。 I know him, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him. 我认识他,但当我昨晚看到他时,我几乎认不出他了。 I recognized his voice over the phone. 我在电话里听出他的声音了。 注意: 不能说I recognized him ten years ago. 或I knew him ten years ago. 而要说I got to know him ten years ago. 我是十年前开始认识他的。 (2)承认,认可They recognized the new government. 他们承认了那个新政府。 3. pay off意为“ 还清债”, “偿还掉”。Pierre has paid off all his debts. 皮埃尔已偿还了所有债务。 John studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He made an A. 考前约翰加紧复习,气力没白费,他得了个A。 4. at (the) most最多,至多,反义词是at (the) least至少,最少 I can pay only 20 pounds at the most. 我最多只能付20英镑。 The repairs will cost at least 100 dollars. 修理费至少要100美元。 5. call on较为正式,后接人作宾语,指“进行短暂的访问”, I called on Dick at his office yesterday.我昨天到迪克办公室去拜访了他。 call at +表地方或场所的名词I called at Mr. Smith?s yesterday.我昨天去史密斯先生家。 6. I?m sorry, but I don?t think I know you.In fact you do, but you may not remember me. 7.do, does, did可用来代替前面出现过的动词, 以避免重复。如: --- May I call on you in the morning?上午我可以来拜访吗?--- Yes, please do. 请来吧。 8.Can't you just wear a flower instead?难道不可以就戴朵花吗? 这是一个否定疑问句,通常译成:“难道……吗?”否定疑问句可以表示对某事没有做或没有发生而感到吃惊。Hasn't Albert telephoned yet? 阿伯特还没有打电话来吗? It's getting dark. Can't you walk a little faster? 天快黑了,你不能走快点吗? 9.That's why I now look so old. 这就是我为什么现在看起来这么老的原因。 由疑问词why引导的名词从句在句中作表语。why作“为什么,……的原因”解(the reason why)。That's why he was punished. 那就是他为什么受到惩罚的原因。 其他疑问词如what, when, where等也可以引导名词从句,在连系动词后作表语。 That was when I was thirteen. 那是我13岁时的事。That's what I'm looking for. 那就是我正在找的东西。 10.辨析long before 和before long: before long 意为“不久,一会儿之后”,在句中作状语。long before 意为“早在……之前”,“较早以前”,可以单独使用,也可以后面跟从句、名词或代词。如: It looks as if it will snow before long. 看起来,天好象马上就要下雪了。 I knew smith before I knew you. 认识你之前,我早就认识史密斯了。 11.辨析manage 和try: 两个词后接不定式都有“设法做”的意思,但manage to do sth. 表示“设法做成”,而try to do sth. 表“试着去做”,做没做成不一定。如:He managed to pass the exam. (=He passed the exam. ) 他设法通过了考试。 He tried to pass the exam but failed. 他尽力想通过考试但失败了。 He tried to pass the exam and he did it. 他尽力通过考试,并且他做到了。 Unit 16 Scientists At Work 1>The kite flew high in the rainy sky, but nothing happened. highly 1. 非常,很,高度地2. 高价地,高额地They are highly skilled workers.他们是技术很好的工人。有些副词有两种形式,含义不同close接近地closely密切地; late晚,迟lately近来;wide广阔地widely 广泛地;deep深deeply 深刻地 2> The string was getting charged. charge vt.1. 索价; 2. 把...记入帐册3. 向...冲去,袭击4. 将(电池)充电 vi.1. 索价;收费(+for) 2. 冲锋,向前冲(+at) n.1. 费用,价钱,索价[C](+for) 2. 掌管;照顾;责任[U] This store often charges only 65 US cents a dozen for large eggs. 一打大鸡蛋在这家店里常常仅卖六十五美分。Please charge my account.请记在我帐上。 The lion charged at those little animals.狮子向那些小动物冲了过去。 The charge for admission is US$5.入场费五美元。 3> In my opinion, it is a waste of money. 在我看来,这是浪费金钱。 (1) in one?s opinion = in the opinion of sb. 在某人看来in my opinion, 在我看来 in their opinion在他们看来in everyone?s opinion在每个人看来 in the opinion of most people在大多数人看来 (2) a waste of …浪费waste在这里是不可数名词,但可以和a连用 e. g. It?s a waste of time to wait any longer. 再等下去是浪费时间。 It?s a waste of time arguing with him. 你和他争辩是浪费时间。 4> What are they famous for ? 他们因什么出名? (1)be famous / known for因为……成名, 表示成名的原因 e. g. Switzerland is famous / known for its mountains. 瑞士以它的山而闻名。 He is famous for his history story. 他因为他写的历史小说而出名。 (2)be famous / known as以什么身份而成名He is famous as a writer rather than a poet. 他是作为一名作家,而不是作为一名诗人而闻名。 She is known as a great singer. 大家都知道她是个大歌星。 (3) be famous / known to为人所知He is known to every one of us. 我们每人都知道他。 It?s known to all that they do an important and necessary job. 大家都知道他们干的是重要的并且是必要的工作。 5> The string was getting charged! 细线正在导电。 get在这里是代替助动词be, 与过去分词连用,以强调主语的被动行为。 They got caught in the big rain on their way here. 他们来这儿的路上遇到了这场大雨。注意: get done有时不表示被动意思 Do you know she?s got married? 你知道她已经结婚了吗? get还有其他用法 (1)get用作使役动词时,get sth. / sb. to do/ doing/ done/ adj. I?ll get Mary to do the washing for you. (= have Mary do)我来让玛丽替你洗这些衣服。 I?ll go and get my hair cut. (= have my hair cut)我要去理发。 Can you get the car going again? 你能使汽车再次开动起来吗? Have you got supper ready? 你把晚饭做好了吗? (2) get to do表示从没有到有的变化,I got to know him in 1998. 我是1998年认识他的。 6> Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on. 当雷雨好像就要来的时候放飞风筝。come on在这里表示“开始(……起来),袭来……”。 It came on dark. 天黑了。come的其他短语 (1) come out出现,被获知,出版,结局 How did the printing come out ( = appear)? 这种印刷是如何出现的? The truth finally came out (= became known). 终于真相大白。 (2) come about发生How did all this come about (= happen/ take place)? 所有的这一切是怎样发生的? (3)come back恢复,重现于记忆中。 They asked me to rest till my health came back.他们要我一直休息到恢复健康为止。 (4)come up走近,发芽,被提出The seeds haven?t come up yet. 种子还没有发芽。 The question will come up tomorrow. 这个问题将于明天被提出来讨论。 7> appear, seem, look (1) appear看起来,似乎,显得,是视觉给人的一种直觉和看法,往往有与实际不符之意。 He appears (to be ) an honest man. 他看起来像个诚实的人。 It appears to me that he is quite well again. 他的病似乎已经好了。 (2)seem似乎,对某事物的判断虽不肯定或有怀疑之意,但还是有一定的根据,真实的可能性比appear要大。It seems as if there is going to be a heavy snow. 似乎将有一场大雪。 It seems that he will be sent abroad next year. 他似乎明年将被派出国。 (3)look看起来,好像, 比appear含有较多真实性,侧重外观。 She looked a bit nervous. 她好像有点紧张。It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨。 8> v. deal with 处理 The boy dealt with the maths problem in a different way.孩子以不同的方法处理这个数学难题。 How did you deal with matters of this sort? 你是怎么处理这类事情的?= What did you do with…?对付,和……打交道That man is impossible to deal with. 那人是无法相处的。 9>doubt (1) vt. 怀疑,不相信,后接名词、代词、从句 I don?t doubt that you are honest. 我相信你是诚实的。I doubt whether he will come. 我怀疑他是否会来。 (2) n. 怀疑There was no doubt that he was a fine doctor.毫无疑问他是个好医生。 There is some doubt whether John will come on time.不知道约翰能否按时到。 注意:在否定句和疑问句中,doubt后的从句用that引导,在肯定句中doubt后的从句用whether / if引导(doubt 是名词时,只能用whether)。 Unit 17 Great Women 1> It has often been said that life is difficult as it is. as it is意思是…根据现在情况看;就现在的样子?,常用于句子的开头或结尾。I thought things would get better,but as it is they are getting worse. 我原以为情况会好转,但照现在的样子,只会更糟。 2> What has become of her? become of发生于,发生...情况What will become of the children now the parents are dead? 父母去世了,孩子们会怎样呢? 3> I thawed a frozen cake over my fire,placed a candle on the top,lit it and sang 'happy birthday to me' at the top of my voice. at the top of one's voice高声地Seeing the little boy fall into the river, she shouted for help at the top of her voice. 看到小孩掉到河里,她高声呼救。 4> I had fallen into a hole and was hanging on the ropes tied to the sled. hang v. 悬挂,垂吊;吊死,绞死(handed,handed); A lamp hangs from the ceiling. 天花板上吊着一盏灯。Curtains hang at the windows. 窗帘挂在窗上。 5> I did so without regret. regret v./n. 遗憾,懊悔,抱歉 I didn't regret the choice I had made. 我做了这个选择并不后悔。 She regretted having missed the film. 她懊悔没能看上那场电影。 regret to do对要做的事遗憾。(未做) regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) 6> She has helped thousands of people come to terms with things that bother them. come to terms with达成;妥协,让步 He'd finally come to terms with that company.他最后还是与那家公司达成了协议。 7> The necklace may not be of great value.of great value后接抽象名词,相当于形容词,表示品质、特征等。What you learned from the report is of great importance. 你从那次报告中学到的内容很重要。They are both of middle height. 他们两个都是中等个子。It was of no use to him. 这个对他没有用。 8> But I thought of maths as 'just a tool'. think of...as...把…看作是,以为…是类似意思的搭配还有: regard...as; treat...as...; consider...(to be); look on...as等 Unit 18 New Zealand 1> Weihai lies about 90 kilometres east of Yantai. east n. 东,东方[the east] a. 东的,东方的,东部的ad. 向东方;在东方;来自东方east,west,south,north 等,表示两个地点之间的方向关系,往往用介词to/in/on,但意义不同(以east为例).A lies to the east of B A 同B不同范围A lies on the east of B A 同B 接壤 A lies in the east of B A 是B 中的一部分Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国东面.Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海在中国东部. Hubei is on the north of Hunan.湖北在湖南之北. 2>What about your great-grandfather on your father s side?on one?s side这指…家系,血统? The grandfather on his mother …s side is still living.他外祖父还健在。 3> New Zealand ia an island that lies off the eastern coast of Australia. off prep. 离开...,隔着...;在(离岸边不远的)海面 He lives in a big house off the main road.他住在一所离大路有一段距离的大房子里. The ship sank off Cape Horn.轮船沉没在好望角外. Taiwan is an island off the east coast of China.台湾是离中国东海岸不远的一个岛屿. 4> Caption Cook took possession of the island in 1769. take possession of占领;占有 possession n.1. 拥有;占有[U] 2. 所有物;财产[P] 3. 领地,属地,殖民地[C] The possession of a degree does not guarantee you a job.拥有一个学位不能保证你找到工作。 Her possessions could fit in one suitcase.她的全部财物可以装在一个手提箱内。 5> New Zealand is an agricultural country,with cattle farming on the North Island. cattle n. 牛;牲口;家畜(复数含义)police, people也是Cattle feed on grass. 牛以草为食。 6> majoriry(1)名词是“多数,大半”的意思. The majority is/are in favour of the proposal.大多数人赞成这项决议. majority 作主语时,谓语采用单复数皆可. (2)词根major,形容词“主要的”,名词“专业”,动词“专修”…… major roads/industries“要道,主要工业” (3)反义词minor 为形容词“较小的,较少的”,minority 名词“少数(派),少数民族”. 7> prepare 用作动词,意思是“准备,为……而准备”. The students are busy preparing for their college Entrance Examination.学生正紧张地为高考做准备 Mother is preparing meal in the kitchen.妈妈正在厨房做饭. [注意]为准备某事而忙于做事,用prepare sth..为某事而做准备用prepare for.“为……准备好了,作好思想准备”,用be prepared for.We must be well prepared for each battle.每次战斗前我们都要做好准备. 8>Living in a country with plenty of space and a good climate,New Zealanders love all kinds of sports and outdoor activities.由于住在一个气候好且有足够空间的国家,新西兰人喜欢各种体育项目和户外活动.Living in a country… 该结构是—ing分词作原因状语.分词在句子中可以作各种各样的状语,只要形式正确,语法上都可以接受.We eat using the right hand.我们用右手吃饭.(—ing作方式状语) It rained heavily,causing a serious damage.雨下得很大,造成了严重的危害.(—ing 分词作结果状语) Knowing all this,they still insisted on my paying for the damage. 虽然知道了这些,他们还是坚持让我赔偿损失.(—ing分词作让步状语) 9> manners (1)manner n.译为“方式,方法,举止,态度”时一般用单数. 复数形式manners 意思是“礼貌,(社交中的)风俗”.Do it in this manner.按这种方法去做. He has good manners/has no manners at all.他很有礼貌/他一点礼貌也没有. Unit19 Modern agriculture 1. It is from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment. 科学家开始发展研究既提高农业产量又不破坏环境的新技术是在二十世纪九十年代。develop 意为:发展,发达,发育,进步,逐步生长,逐步显示出来”等。如: Several industries are developing in this area. 几种工业正在这个地区发展。 Fresh air and exercise develop healthy bodies. 新鲜空气和运动能使身体健康。 He developed the photo graphs which he had taken. 他冲洗了他拍摄的胶卷。 developing 意为:“发展中的”,developed意为“发达的”,如: China is a developed country while Japan is a developed one. 中国是个发展中的国家,而日本是个发达的国家。 2. The tomato is one of nearly 4500 different plants that are genetically modified. 西红柿是将近4500种不同转基因作物的一种。关系代词who、which、that本身没有数的变化,它们作主语时,从句中的谓语动词应与先行词的数保持一致,试比较:Look at the woman with two children who is sitting under the tree. 看那个坐在树下的妇女,她和两个孩子在一起。 Look at the woman with two children who playing under the tree. 看那个妇女,她和正在树下玩的两个孩子在一起。 但是当先行词是“one of + 复数名词”时,显然其重心在名词上,因此从句中的谓语用复数;当先行词是“the only one of + 复数名词”,时,其重心是the only one,因而谓语动词用单数,He is one of the teachers who know Russian well. 他是懂俄语的老师之一。He is the only one of the teachers who knows Russion well. 他是老师中唯一懂俄语的一位老师。 3. He spent his time on research into agriculture. 他一生致力于农学研究。 spend ...on sth. 和spend ...(in)doing sth. 后接-ing形式时可省掉介词in。如: Don't spend any more time on that problem. 别在那个问题上再花时间了。 He spends his whole life (in) looking after the poor. 他用毕生的精力来照顾穷人。 [辨异]spend指花时间做某事时,其主语往往是人,而take作“花费时间”时,主语通常是物,常用于It take sb. some time to do sth. 这一句型。如: It took them several hours to set up a tent. 他们花了几个小时才搭起帐篷。 (=They spent several hours in setting up the tent.)本句中,researcher into意为“研究,探讨”,其中researcher 是名词,可单、复数。They are carrying out a research into the cause of cancer. 他们正对癌症的病因进行研究。We have been making scientific researches on these plants. 我们一直在对这些植物进行科学研究。 4. But if you go against nature and so things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and results will not be so good. 但如果你违背自然,不适时耕作,你就会付出更多的劳动,而成果却不见得好。go against意为“违背,反对,不利于Man can't go against nature. 人不能违背自然规律。 Did what he said go against the law?他说的话犯法了吗? The game is going against them. 比赛情况对他们不利。go against意为“违背,对抗”,而be against意为“反对,不赞成”。He is strongly against our plan. 他强烈反对我们的计划。 be againest 的反义词是be for We are for your team. 我们支持你们队。 5.The condition ofthe soil is also very important. 土壤条件也很重要。 conditon指“由于一定的原因、条件或环境所产生的特定情况”,指某人某物的情况、状况时多用单数。Ability is one ofthe conditions of success in life. 能力是人生中成功的条件之一。You must on no condition tell him what has happened. 你无论在什么情况下都不可告诉他所发生的事。 Though bought several years ago, the car is still in good condition. 虽然这车已买了好几年,但其性能仍然很好。 On condition that 意思为:“条件是,在……条件下”,引导条件状语从句。 6. For example, do not plant rice year after year in the same field. 例如,不要在同一块地里年复一年地”种植稻谷。year after year意为“年复一年地”,强调重复性,而…year by year 意为“逐年地”,强调逐年变化。I have to do this knd of work year after year. 我不得不年复一年地干这种活。 Year by year the trees grow taler and taller. 这些树一年一年地长高了。 类似词组有:day after day, day by day; month after month, month by month;week after week, week by week 等The boy came to see me day after day. 这孩子日复一日地来看我。 The students made progress in English week by week. 同学们的英语学习一周一周地进步了。 7. 辨析product,produce,production 和productivity: produce 作名词用是不可数的,特指“农产品”, The marketing of these produce is out of question. 这些农产品的销售是不成问题的。 product 多指“工业产品”,也可泛指任何体力、脑力劳动产生的东西,或发源于其他事物的东西, Shkespeare's plays are the product of his times. 莎士比亚的剧本是他那个时代的产物。 production 指“生产”,在不同场合可有不同意义, To improve the people's living conditions we must first of all increase production. 要改善人们的生活条件,我们必须首先增加生产。The production of steel is now a nation-wide concern. 产钢现在成为全国性的事业。productivity 意为“产量,生产能力”等,By ploughing deep,the productivity of the soil can be greatly increased.通过深耕的办法,土地的生产率可以大大地提高。 8. effect n.结果, 效果, 作用, 影响/vt.招致, 实现, 达到(目的等) Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body. 含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。The old system is still in effect.旧制度仍有效。 The medicine quickly took effect. 药很快见效了。The new manager effected several changes in the company. 新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革。effective adj. 有效的,被实施的;effectively adv. 有效地,有力地in effect正在实行;实际上/take effect开始实行;开始生效/have an effect on(upon)对...有影响; 对..起作用, 产生效果/be of no effect无效, 没有作用, 不中用/bring into effect实行, 实施, 使生效, 实现/carry into effect实行, 实施, 使生效, 实现 9. technical adj.技术的, 技术上的, 技巧方面的 To build this machine,you must have technical ability.要造这台机器,你们必须有技术能力。 a technical job技术性的工作/a technicalschool.技术学校 /technicalexpert技术专家/technical institute工学院 10. control n.控制, 支配, 管理, 调节, 抑制, 控制器, 调节装置 //vt.控制, 支配, 管理(物价等), 操纵, 抑制He was in control of the car.他负责这辆小汽车。 All schools are under the control of the Ministry of Education.所有学校统归教育部管辖。 This handle controls the flow of electricity.这个把手调节电流。 Control yourself; don't get angry.你要克制自己,不要发火。under control 在控制中/out of control 失控 11. firstly[5f\:stlI]adv.第一, 首先 There are three reasons against it: First... 有三个反对的理由:第一… secondly adv. 第二,其次;thirdly adv. 第三;lastly adv. 最后;终于 12. 辨析sow, plant 和grow: sow 意为“播、撒、播种、种”,其后跟(the)seeds或“植物(结成种状的)”。如: It's time to sow wheat now. 现在该种小麦了。 Don't sow the seeds of hatred. 请不要撒下仇恨的种子。(比喻用法) plant 意为“栽、插、移植”,其后跟作物(多为苗状的)。如: He plants rice fastest in the village. 他在那个村子里插秧的速度最快。 The garden was planted with Chinese roses. 园子里栽上了月季。 grow 作及物动词时,意为“种植、培植”,后接宾语(不表明种状还是苗状,强调种植后的栽培及管理过程);作不及物动词时,意为“生长、发育”;作系动词时,意为“变得”。如:It grows up straight and thin.它长得又直又细。It began to grow dark.天渐渐黑了。 13. 辨析condition, situation 和state: 三个词都有“情况、形势”的意思,作为名词condition 多用复数形式,当我们要表示具体的工作、生活、学习的环境和条件时,要用condition。而situation 常用单数,侧重“形势,情景”,试比较: What are conditions like in yur schoo? 你们学校的条件如何? What do you think of the present economic situation? 你觉得当前的经济形势如何? On condition that “在……条件下”,引导条件状语从句。 You can go out on condition that you come back before 8 o' clock. 只要你能在8点以前回来,你可以出去。state 系常用词,指“人或物存在或所处的状态”,但不着重于“这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系”,如:He is in a good state. 他身体健康。 Unit20 Humour 1.kind,sort,type kind,sort,type等用法相同又有区别。总的来说,kind和sort用法是相同的,只是kind较正式,sort则多用于口语和商业用语,另外,sort有时含有轻蔑的意味。type则指更为具体的东西,译为“类型、型号、样式”。Do you know what type of blood is yours?你知道你的血型吗? How did you get this sort of idea into your head?你怎么想出这种主意来呢? I"ll do nothing of this sort.这种事我不干。表种类的词组有:a kind/sort of,this kind of,that kind of,all kinds of,many kinds of,different kinds of,various kinds of,等;说某一种类的东西常用of a kind的结构。They are all of a kind,I like roses of this kind. 而type更侧重外观“式样”,含“风格”的意思。 Her beauty was of another type.她的美丽是另一种风格的。 2.make fun of,play a joke on,laugh at,make fun of意思是“取笑,嘲弄某人”; play a joke on sb.意思是“开某人玩笑、戏弄某人”; laugh at sb.意思是“讥笑、讽刺某人”。It"s wrong to make fun of the blind.取笑盲人是不对的。 We shouldn"t play a joke on the cripples.我们不应捉弄残疾人。 Many scientists laughed at it.But Einstein stuck to his theory and went on with his research. 许多科学家嘲笑这个理论,但是爱因斯坦坚持他的理论,继续从事他的研究。 3. I think it's going to be the greatest moment in the show. 我认为那将是演出中一个最伟大的时刻。be going to do sth.是将来时的一种表示方法。它可用来:(1)表示打算或计划安排要发生的事;(2)表示根据客观因素判断就要发生或必然要发生的事。He is going to get married. 他快要结婚了。 I'm going to change my plan. 我打算改变我的计划。 The situation is going to be favourable to us. 形势将对我们有利。 It's going to rain. 天要下雨了。I'm going to be twenty next year. 明年我就二十岁了。 表示一般将来时,有以下几种办法,要注意它们的异同: will /shall(过去将来时would)+原形动词:表示客观将来时,接近于"纯粹"将来。但在现在英语中,will /shall 既有将来意义,又有情态意义。可表示意愿、意图、预测、决心等含义。 be going to(过去将来用was /were going to)+原形动词:表示:(1)表示打算或计划安排要发生的事;(2)表示由于某种客观因素就要发生或必然要发生的事。 be +v-ing(过去将来用was /were +v-ing)表示按计划、规定或安排将要发生的事,这种用法仅限于come, go, arrive, return, stay, work, do, have, play, die等。 be about to(过去将来用was /were about to)+原形动词,表示某种即将发生,称"即时将来时"。 be+不定式(过去将来用was /were +不定式):表示按计划或安排将要发生的事或表示命令、吩咐,意即"必须"、"应该"。 4. Even though stereotypes are usually easy to recognize, people who are made fun of can often laugh about it themselves. 即使典型通常很容易被识别,被取笑的人常常可以自我嘲笑。 (1)easy to recognize:容易被识别。这种"形容词+不定式"结构在逻辑上存在两种关系,因为这两种关系,决定了不定式只能用主动语态而不能用被动语态。这两种关系是:①不定式动词和句子的主语具有逻辑上的动宾关系; ②不定式前的形容词表示了产生不定式动作时主语的特性或情况。这一句型中的形容词常见的有:easy, hard, heavy, light, cheap, important, interesting, pleasant及这些词的反义词。如:The problem is difficult to work out. 这道题很难解(不能说…to be worked out) The picture is unpleasant to look at. 这幅画着上去不悦目。 The novel is interesting to read. 这部小说读起来很有趣。由于不定式动词与主语具有逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,如果不定式动词是不及物动词,必须加上必要的介词或副词。这种结构常可改为"形式主语it +be+形容词+不定式短语(即逻辑主语)"这一句型。如: This room is pleasant to live in.这件房子住起来很舒服。= It is pleasant to live in this room. The question is easy to answer.这个问题很容易回答。= It is easy to answer the question. (2)反身代词有myself, yourself, ourselves等。在句中作宾语、表语或同位语等。 1)作宾语①作动词的宾语。反身代词可与buy,enjoy,help,hurt,teach,wash,look after等动词连用,表明动作的承受者(宾语)就是主语本身。如:The boy can wash himself. 那个男孩会自己洗澡/脸/衣服了。We enjoyed ourselves very much. 我们过得很愉快。 ②作介词的宾语。He learns English by himself. 他自学英语。 2)作表语She is not herself today. 她今天跟以往判若两人。 3)作同位语反身代词在句中作名词或代词的同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,有"亲自、本人"之意,其位置可放在名词、代词之后,也可置于句末。 ①作主语的同位语。He can do that himself. 他自己能做那件事。 ②作宾语的同位语。如:She went to see the teacher himself. 她去看那位老师本人了。 6. Clowns often don't use any words at all. 小丑常常什么也不说。 at all意为"完全","全然",常用于否定句中,构成"not…at all"结构,意思是"完全不","根本不"。如:I don't believe him at all. 我一点都不相信他。It is not a true story at all. 这根本不是个真实的故事。 用于疑问句中时,作"究竟","果真"解,以加强语气。如: Do you think he will do it at all? 你认为他果真会做这件事吗? 7. . …and they also have to be fluent in Chinese. 他们的汉语必须说得好。 be fluent in意为"流畅地说……"。 They also have to be fluent in Chinese相当于They also have to speak Chinese fluently。如 Linda is fluent in both Spanish and German. 琳达熟练地说西班牙语和德语。 He is fluent in five languages. 他熟练地掌握五种语言。 8. f eel like和would like都表示"想要干某事"。 (1)feel like中的like是介词,后跟名词或动名词。如:I feel like sleeping /taking a walk. 我想睡/散步。Do you feel like having something to eat? 你想要点东西吃吗? I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。It's so hot. I feel like a swim. 天真热,我想去游泳。 (2)would like的like是动词,后跟不定式或名词。如: What would you like to do now? 你现在想做什么?I would like to have dinner with you. 我想和你一起吃饭。Would you like some help? 你需要帮助吗? 9 either…or,neither…nor和both…and either…or,neither…nor和both…and都是并列连词词组。 either…or和neither…nor连接两个主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上必须与后面的主语保持一致;both…and 连接两个主语时,谓语动词必须用复数。either…or意为"或者……或者"、"要么……要么";neither…nor意为"既不……也不";both…and意为"两者都"。如:They were either too big or too small. 他们要么太大了,要么太小了。Either you or I am right. 要么你对,要么我对。 Neither you nor he has been there. 你和他都没有去过那里。 Both John and Ann have got pen-friends. 约翰和安都有笔友。 He speaks both English and French. 他讲英语和法语。 10. make sure和be sure (1)make sure意为"确保;确信;查明",后面常接宾语从句及由of引起的短语。如: Make sure(that)he comes at once. 一定叫他马上来。 You'd better make sure of time. 你最好查明时间。Make sure of it before you start out. 出发前查明这件事。(2)be sure意为"肯定;确定",be sure后可跟不定式或"疑问词+不定式",构成be sure to do,be not sure whether to do结构,要注意"疑问词+不定式"一般用在否定句中。be sure后还可跟从句,肯定句后跟that从句,否定句后跟if /whether从句。如:He is sure to come. 他肯定会来。 I'm sure that I can run faster than you. 我确定自己比你跑得快。 I'm not sure whether they can finish the job on time. 我不确定他们是否能及时完成工作。 Be sure to come to our party if you have time. 如果有时间的话一定要来参加我们的聚会。 Be sure to finish it as soon as possible. 请务必尽快完成。 11. meet/meet with (1).meet 意为“碰见”“遇见”“见到”。I"m glad to meet you.很高兴见到你。 而meet with则强调“偶然遇到”“碰到”(come across;meet sb.by chance) I had not seen him for years but met with him in the street yesterday.我几年没见他了,但昨天在街上碰到了他。 (2).表示主动地去“接”或“迎接”要用meet。 I?ll meet my uncle at the station.我将到车站接我叔叔。I?m to meet the seven o" clock train.我去接7点钟火车。而表示“遭到”“遭遇”(后接抽象名词),“受到”(=to receive)要用meet with。 He met with an accident when riding a bike.他在骑车时遇到了意外事故。 We met with a warm reception.我们受到了热情的接待。 (3).表示一般性的“会见”“约见”“见面”,常用meet。I didn"t care to meet these people.我不愿见这些人。 I must be off.I"m meeting a comrade from Beijing at six.我得走了,我6点要会见一位北京来的同志。 但表示较正式的“会见”“会晤”,常用meet with。 He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他会见了日本首相一个小时。 (4).meet 还有“应付”“满足”“适应”等意义,还可构成习语make both ends meet (使收支平衡,维持生活)。They didn"t know how to meet the situation.他们不知道如何应付这一局面。 We must try our best to meet the demand of the market.我们必须尽力满足市场的需求。 12.tear(at)/tear down/tear up (1).tear为“撕,扯”意思,但tear可用于及物或不及物动词(常与at连用,只表“撕,扯”动作本身,并未言及结果)。试比较:Why did you tear the cloth when I had advised you to cut it with scissors? 为什么我劝你用剪子剪,你却把布扯了。He is tearing at something.他在扯什么东西。(并未言及结果) (2).tear down短语动词,“拆毁,撕下”。He tore down the notice.他撕掉了那个布告。 (3).tear up短语动词“撕碎,撤销”。 He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and prepare a new one.他告诉律师撤销旧,制订一份新的。13. China/Chinese/China"s/of China 代表国家的专有词“China,China?s,Chinese及of China”都可修饰名词,但又有不同。 (1).China与Chinese (a)两者均可修饰名词,并常构成名词固定短语,表示特殊意义。China表示“中国产的,来自中国的,中国土生土长的”或“在中国流行式样的”,一般指来源。 China silk中国丝绸China tea中国茶但用Chinese时,一般指“与中国(人)有关的或具有中国(人)特点的”,侧重于“具有中国特色的”,更多地是指文化方面,多用于人文。 Chinese calendar农历,阴历Chinese classics中国古典文学 (b)当China与Chinese与后面的名词构成固定短语时,有时两者可互用。 China ink=Chinese ink墨但有时用China 或Chinese意义不同。 China policy 指其他国家的对华政策American China policy 美国对华政策 Chinese policy 中国人自己所实行的政策 (c)China及Chinese均可构成专有名词China Daily 中国日报China Centre Television 中央电视台Chinese Academy of Science 中国科学院the Chinese Olympic Committee 中国奥委会 (d)Chinese除能构成固定名词短语及专有名词之外,还具有普通形容词的两种意思: a.“中国的、中国人的、中文的” Chinese characters 汉字 Chinese food 中国食物 b.“中国风味的” Chinese dishes 中国菜 (2).China?s与Chinese的用法比较 两者都有“中国的”之意,但用China?s时,一般把国家作为众人构成的集合体看待,并常用拟人用法。China?s reform 中国改革China?s foreign trade 中国对外贸易而Chinese一般只是表达“中国的,中文的”等形容词意义。a Chinese girl 一个中国女孩 (3).China?s及of China (a)China?s一般用于人文或与人文有关的场合,而of China一般用于构成所有格,表示所有关系。我们一般用the map of China而不用China?s map。 (b)of China还常构成一些专有名词the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 the People"s Republic of China 中华人民共和国the People"s Bank of China 中国人民银行 Unit21 Body Language 1. I can't keep my eyes open. Open为形容词,作keep的宾语补足语。动词keep后可以接形容词、V-ing形式、过去分词等作宾语补足语,表示"使……保持……状态"。如: The Christmas season keeps the shops busy.圣诞节是商家忙碌不已。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们用计算机控制,使交通畅通无阻。 The thief kept his mouth shut in the police station.小偷在警察局里一句话也不说。 2. Could you give me a hand with this? 你能帮我做这件事吗? give sb. a hand(with sth.):帮助某人(做某事)。与hand有关的词组: at first hand得自直接的体验;从有直接经验的人那里获知 by hand亲手;手工hand in hand关系密切地;手拉着手地 have one's hands full手头工作很忙on the one hand一方面on the other hand另一方面 3. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. 与口语一样,不同文化的身体语言是不同的。(1)vary①(彼此)相异,存在不同之处。如: The price varies according to the season. 价格随季节变化。Houses vary in size. 房子的大小不一。 ②(尤指持续的)变化,改变。如: The weather varied from very cold to very mild. 天气变化很大,会从很冷变得相当暖和。 This bus always varies its rout. 这辆公共汽车经常改变路线。 (2)from culture to culture不同文化之间 from…to…结构中通常加单数可数名词,不带定冠词。from age to age世世代代 from day to day逐日,天天from door to door挨门挨户from hand to hand一个传一个from house to house挨家挨户 from mouth to mouth广泛流传,口头相传from place to place处处,各地from hand to foot从头到脚from top to bottom从头到尾,彻底 4. Making eye contact-looking directly into someone's eyes-is in some countries a way to show that one is interested; in other countries, however, eye contact is rude or disrespectful. 眼神接触--直视某人的眼睛--在有些国家是显示某人有兴趣的一种方式;但在另一些国家,眼神接触却是粗鲁或者无礼的。 however的用法:①作副词1)"无论如何;不论到什么程度" He can answer the question however hard it is. 不管问题有多难他都能回答。 However did you get here? 你是怎么到这里来的? 2)"不过;然而"。可放在句首、句中或句末,用逗号隔开。 He hasn't arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还未到,不过,他可能过一会儿来。 I'd like to go with you; however, my hands are full. 我很想和你一块儿去,可是我忙不过来。 ②作连词,意为"不管用什么方法;无论什么方式",引导让步状语从句。 However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them. 不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。 5. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. Get through 常表示"完成;通过考试;度过(时间);吃完,用完",也可以表示"接通电话"等。get through可表达"通过、完成、用完、熬过,使某人成功"等含义,既可及物,也可不及物,作不及物动词时through是副词,作及物动词时,through是介词。I can't imagine how he'll get through the time. 我想象不出他会怎样度过这些时间。 We were delighted when we heard you'd got through (your exam). 听到你考试及格时,我们都很高兴。 I tried to telephone you but I couldn't get through (to you). 我试着给你打电话了,但是打不通。 特别提醒get through作"接通电话"解时,既可及物,也可不及物,through是副词 6. …there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend. "否定词+比较级" 有时表示非常肯定的意义(有时相当于最高级)。如: I can't agree more.我非常同意。 We couldn't feel better. 我们觉得太好了。 Nothing is more valuable than health.(= Health is the most valuable.) 没有什么比健康更重要的。 Unit 22 A World of Fun 1.Have you ever been to an amusement park? 你去过露天游乐场吗? amusement park(美)儿童乐园;露天游乐场 amusement作不可数名词时,当“娱乐,消遣、兴趣”;作可数名词时,当“快乐的事;娱乐(品)。”如:The little girl looked at me in amusement. 小女孩饶有趣味地看着我。 There were lots of amusements at the fair.在展览会上有许多有趣的东西。 amusement的动词amuse,是及物动词,意为“使……快乐,逗笑;给……提供娱乐”。其用法如下: ①amuse sb./ oneself(with…)例如: Her story amused the children greatly. 她的故事逗得那些小孩十分开心。 ②be amused a t / by / with…以……为乐。如: The audience was amused by the magician?s tricks.观众被魔术师的戏法逗乐了。 ③be amused to do sth. 做……取乐。如: I was very much amused to see the seal perform its tricks. 我被海豹的特技表演逗乐了。 注意:表示情感的动词的用法大致相同。如:be surprised / excited / disappointed / please d / delighted at…因……而吃惊/兴奋/失望/高兴 2.It will attract tourists. 它将会吸引游客。 attract是及物动词,可作“(以魅力等)吸引(人),引诱;引起(注意、开心)。” The concert attracted a great number of people.那场音乐会吸引了许多人。 attraction是attract的名词形式,意为“魅力,吸引人之物;吸引(力)” attractive是attract的形容词形式,意为“有魅力的,吸引人的,引人注目的”。 We often find people who have a good sense of humor more attractive. 我们经常发现具有幽默感人更有吸引力。 3.What?s the theme of Mr Audersen?s park?theme作为名词,常见的短语为: theme park(依特定主题所建造的)主题公园,(儿童)乐园 theme song(美)(节目等的)主题曲,主题音乐 辨析theme, subject与topic 三个词都有“题目,话题,主题”之意 subject是此意的常用普通词;意广;topic指讨论、文章等的题目,话题,通俗用语; theme一般指论文、演讲、音乐等的主题,较正式,意狭。如:The topic for his lecture is “Learn From Comrade Lei Feng”他演讲的题目是“向雷锋同志学习”。 What is the subject of his new play?他这部新剧的主题是什么? 4.Excuse me. Am I going in the right direction?劳驾,我走的方向对吗? ①direction可作“方向,方位,方面”讲,用作此意时,与in搭配,即构成: in every direction/ in all directions朝四面八方in the direction of…朝……的方向 in the opposite direction朝相反的方向 ②direction还可作“指挥,指导”,用作此意时,多与under搭配。如: We did the work under his direction.我们在他的指导下工作。 ③direction的复数相当于instructions,“指示,说明;命令”,多和for搭配。如: Follow the directions for the use of the medicine.请遵照此药的使用说明。 5.Visitors to Ocean Park will find all the rides and attractions that can be found in most parks, but they will also find many opportunities to learn about life in the ocean. 来到海洋公园的游客会发现在其他公园里能找到的娱乐交通工具与吸引人的事物,但他们还能找到许多机会来了解海洋生物。 opportunity意为“机会”、“良机”,其后可接to do sth.或of doing sth.或for sth.如: I missed a good opportunity to give my opinion on it.我失去了对那事提意见的机会。 I had the chance of visiting Paris.我有机会访问巴黎。 There is no opportunity for drawing back.没有后退的机会。 “抓住机会”有以下几种形式表达:catch/ seize/ take an opportunity chance与opportunity的辨析 chance多指偶然的机会,含有侥幸的意味在内 opportunity多指特殊的机会,含有期待的意味。 两者有时可以互换,chance可表示可能性,而opportunity不能。如: A strange chance had landed me upon the French coast. 一个奇怪的机会使我站在法国的海岸上。 She waited a long time without finding an opportunity for a new departure. 她等了很长时间都没有找到新的动身机会。 6.The park is divided into two sections.公园被分成两个部分。 divide当“分,分割,把……分成(若干部分)”讲时,常与into连用。 The country is divided into 12 provinces. 这个国家划分为十二个省。 divide还可作“分配、分发、分享”讲,常与between, among, with连用。 Divide the cake with your sister.跟你妹妹分吃这块蛋糕。 divide还作“除,除以”,常与by, into连用。15 divided by 3 is 5.十五除以三等于五。 divide与separate的辨析divide侧重于把原来的整体分成若干部分;separate把原来连在一起的或靠近的人或物分离开来。separate多与from一起搭配使用。 7.Some th rill rides will let you feel what it is like to fall through the air: you sit in a car that “falls” from a tall tower and you scream your way down to a safe landing.有些动感电影让你感受空中坠落,你坐的车厢从高塔上直跌下来,你一路尖叫,直到安全落地。 scream one?s way是“一路尖叫地……”的意思,类似的表达法有: wind one?s way (蜿蜒前进)fight one?s way (打出一条路来) make one?s way (走向)feel one?s way (摸着走) push one?s way (挤出来)lose one?s way (迷路) 8.What do you expect visitors to learn from it?你期望游客从中学到什么? expect常见用法: ①expect sb./ sth. 期待、预料 I?m expecting a telegraph. 我在等一封电报。 ②expect to do sth. 期望做某事 They expected to finish the work by Friday.他们期望在周五前完成任务。 ③expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事,不定式作宾语补足语。 She expected us to be waiting for her there.她希望我们在那里等她。 ④expect 用于than 或as 引导的从句中。 You arrived earlier than I had expected= You arrived earlier than expected. 你比预料的到得早。 The work is getting on as well as can be expected.=The work is getting on as well as expected.工作的进展情况跟预料的一样好。 ⑤在简略答语中的用法: —Do you expect it will rain? 你预计会下雨吗? —Yes, I expect so. (No, I don?t expect so = I expect not.) 是的,我想会下雨。(不,我想不会。)