学术交流英语口语考试文本

学术交流英语口语考试文本Video1listenbetterWearelosingourlistening.Wespendroughly60percentofourcommunicationtimelistening,butwe'renotverygoodatit.Weretainjust25percentofwhatwehear.Nownotyou,notthistalk,butthatisgenerallytrue.Let'sdefinelisteningasmakingmeaningfromsound.It'samentalprocess,andit'saprocessofextraction.Weusesomeprettycooltechniquestodothis.Oneofthemispatternrecognition.(CrowdNoise)Soinacocktailpartylikethis,ifIsay,"David,Sara,payattention,"someofyoujustsatup.Werecognizepatternstodistinguishnoisefromsignal,andespeciallyourname.Differencingisanothertechniqueweuse.IfIleftthispinknoiseonformorethanacoupleofminutes,youwouldliterallyceasetohearit.Welistentodifferences,wediscountsoundsthatremainthesame.Andthenthereisawholerangeoffilters.Thesefilterstakeusfromallsounddowntowhatwepayattentionto.Mostpeopleareentirelyunconsciousofthesefilters.Buttheyactuallycreateourrealityinaway,becausetheytelluswhatwe'repayingattentiontorightnow.Giveyouoneexampleofthat:Intentionisveryimportantinsound,inlistening.WhenImarriedmywife,IpromisedherthatIwouldlistentohereverydayasifforthefirsttime.Nowthat'ssomethingIfallshortofonadailybasis.(Laughter)Butit'sagreatintentiontohaveinarelationship.Butthat'snotall.Soundplacesusinspaceandintime.Ifyoucloseyoureyesrightnowinthisroom,you'reawareofthesizeoftheroomfromthereverberationandthebouncingofthesoundoffthesurfaces.Andyou'reawareofhowmanypeoplearearoundyoubecauseofthemicro-noisesyou'rereceiving.Andsoundplacesusintimeaswell,becausesoundalwayshastimeembeddedinit.Infact,Iwouldsuggestthatourlisteningisthemainwaythatweexperiencetheflowoftimefrompasttofuture.So,"Sonorityistimeandmeaning"--agreatquote.Isaidatthebeginning,we'relosingourlistening.WhydidIsaythat?Welltherearealotofreasonsforthis.Firstofall,weinventedwaysofrecording--firstwriting,thenaudiorecordingandnowVideorecordingaswell.Thepremiumonaccurateandcarefullisteninghassimplydisappeared.Secondly,theworldisnowsonoisy,(Noise)withthiscacophonygoingonvisuallyandauditorily,it'sjusthardtolisten;it'stiringtolisten.Manypeopletakerefugeinheadphones,buttheyturnbig,publicspaceslikethis,sharedsoundscapes,intomillionsoftiny,littlepersonalsoundbubbles.Inthisscenario,nobody'slisteningtoanybody.We'rebecomingimpatient.Wedon'twantoratoryanymore,wewantsoundbites.Andtheartofconversationisbeingreplaced--dangerously,Ithink--bypersonalbroadcasting.Idon'tknowhowmuchlisteningthereisinthisconversation,whichissadlyverycommon,especiallyintheU.K.We'rebecomingdesensitized.Ourmediahavetoscreamatuswiththesekindsofheadlinesinordertogetourattention.Andthatmeansit'sharderforustopayattentiontothequiet,thesubtle,theunderstated.Thisisaseriousproblemthatwe'relosingourlistening.Thisisnottrivial.Becauselisteningisouraccesstounderstanding.Consciouslisteningalwayscreatesunderstanding.Andonlywithoutconsciouslisteningcanthesethingshappen--aworldwherewedon'tlistentoeachotheratall,isaveryscaryplaceindeed.SoI'dliketosharewithyoufivesimpleexercises,toolsyoucantakeawaywithyou,toimproveyourownconsciouslistening.Wouldyoulikethat?(Audience:Yes.)Good.Thefirstoneissilence.Justthreeminutesadayofsilenceisawonderfulexercisetoresetyourearsandtorecalibratesothatyoucanhearthequietagain.Ifyoucan'tgetabsolutesilence,goforquiet,that'sabsolutelyfine.Second,Icallthisthemixer.(Noise)Soevenifyou'reinanoisyenvironmentlikethis--andweallspendalotoftimeinplaceslikethis--listeninthecoffeebartohowmanychannelsofsoundcanIhear?HowmanyindividualchannelsinthatmixamIlisteningto?Youcandoitinabeautifulplaceaswell,likeinalake.HowmanybirdsamIhearing?Wherearethey?Wherearethoseripples?It'sagreatexerciseforimprovingthequalityofyourlistening.Third,thisexerciseIcallsavoring,andthisisabeautifulexercise.It'saboutenjoyingmundanesounds.This,forexample,ismytumbledryer.(Dryer)It'sawaltz.One,two,three.One,two,three.One,two,three.Iloveit.Orjusttrythisoneonforsize.(Coffeegrinder)Wow!Somundanesoundscanbereallyinterestingifyoupayattention.Icallthatthehiddenchoir.It'saroundusallthetime.Thenextexerciseisprobablythemostimportantofallofthese,ifyoujusttakeonethingaway.Thisislisteningpositions--theideathatyoucanmoveyourlisteningpositiontowhat'sappropriatetowhatyou'relisteningto.Thisisplayingwiththosefilters.Doyouremember,Igaveyouthosefiltersatthebeginning.It'sstartingtoplaywiththemaslevers,togetconsciousaboutthemandtomovetodifferentplaces.Thesearejustsomeofthelisteningpositions,orscalesoflisteningpositions,thatyoucanuse.Therearemany.Havefunwiththat.It'sveryexciting.Andfinally,anacronym.Youcanusethisinlistening,incommunication.Ifyou'reinanyoneofthoseroles--andIthinkthatprobablyiseverybodywho'slisteningtothistalk--theacronymisRASA,whichistheSanskritwordforjuiceoressence.AndRASAstandsforReceive,whichmeanspayattentiontotheperson;Appreciate,makinglittlenoiseslike"hmm,""oh,""okay";Summarize,theword"so"isveryimportantincommunication;andAsk,askquestionsafterward.Nowsoundismypassion,it'smylife.Iwroteawholebookaboutit.SoIlivetolisten.That'stoomuchtoaskfrommostpeople.ButIbelievethateveryhumanbeingneedstolistenconsciouslyinordertolivefully--connectedinspaceandintimetothephysicalworldaroundus,connectedinunderstandingtoeachother,nottomentionspirituallyconnected,becauseeveryspiritualpathIknowofhaslisteningandcontemplationatitsheart.That'swhyweneedtoteachlisteninginourschoolsasaskill.Whyisitnottaught?It'scrazy.Andifwecanteachlisteninginourschools,wecantakeourlisteningoffthatslipperyslopetothatdangerous,scaryworldthatItalkedaboutandmoveittoaplacewhereeverybodyisconsciouslylisteningallthetime--oratleastcapableofdoingit.NowIdon'tknowhowtodothat,butthisisTED,andIthinktheTEDcommunityiscapableofanything.SoIinviteyoutoconnectwithme,connectwitheachother,takethismissionoutandlet'sgetlisteningtaughtinschools,andtransformtheworldinonegenerationtoaconsciouslisteningworld--aworldofconnection,aworldofunderstandingandaworldofpeace.Thankyouforlisteningtometoday.(Applause)我们正在们失们的能力听我们交流们程中60%的们们都是用们们来听但其们我们不擅们们并听我们只保留了25%所到的容听内不是指在座各位和们演们个们是一普遍的事们个们我们定们们来听就是使得音有意们声们是一心理们程个它个也是一提取的们程我们用一些酷的技们完成们们程很个其中之一是模式们们技们;人群音,在像们们的一们尾酒上噪个会如果我们“大们～莎拉～注意了”你会们中们就有人坐直身子我们能们们出一些音特点声从从号区它而信中分们特们是们于自己的名字区另个分是我们用的外一技们如果我们们们粉们保持分们噪声几你会很真听它就不们的了我们只有们化音会听声我们不大们注于持们不们的音声们里有一系列的们们功能它从把我们所有声离来音中抽出重点去我们所们注的听大多人都完全有察们们些数没们们器但是们在某们程它度上们造了们们生活因们们告们我们下我们正在们注什们它当们例子,个意向在音和们中非常重声听要我娶我夫人的们候我向承们我每天都像我们第一次们面那们她会去们听她们在我每天都在下降;笑,声但们是们们们系下的一好的意愿个很但们不是全部声音把我们置于们们和空们中如果你们在们上们上眼你会声响声通们音回以及音在物面撞们的力度体感们出们件房们的大小你们可以感们到在周们有多少人你因们可以到周们微小的音你听噪同们～音们把我们置于们们中声因们声音们是和们们并存的们们上我们们们是我们最主要的方式听去感受们们们去到未从来的流们因此“音是们们和存在”声--很好的引述我在演们们始的们候们们～我们正逐们们失们的能力听我们什们们们们呢,们里面有们多的原因首先～我们们明了们们的方式--一们始通们们～接着是们音写然后到了们在可以们们影像精、仔们的们所们的好们确听来已们消失了第二～们在的世界太们了嘈;音,噪伴着们们、们上的随听们们的们染已们们去们了很听也疲于去们了听们多人用耳机逃避们的世界吵但是他们把像们们的们大的～公共空们本可被共享的音们们景们成了百万们们的私人音们小泡数个气们们情下～有人们们其他人况没会听我们正在们得浮躁我们更们们们的们言而不再需要青那些们们的们藻交们的们们正在被私人化的平们们言所取代我们们们是危们的很我不楚们们交们中们能们占清听几成通常都不们们很特们是在英国我们正在们得麻木媒不得不用们们的们们向我们“嘶吼”体就是们了们人眼球们就意味着我们们以们注于安的～们微的静需要理解的们西们失们的能力是们听个很重的们们们不是有意们的没因们们是我们去们们事物的途听径有意们的去们往往有助于我们的理解听力如果失去有意们的们听就们致以下的后果会--一人们不相互们的世界个会听是非常可的怕因此我希望大家分享与五们们的技巧助大家个来帮改们自己有意们的们听你听们想们,;听众当,然,好,首先是安静每天只需拿出三分们们自己安下静来就是一好的们们个很来们听们系们们行重置和们整从宁静而可以再一次感受到如果有完全无的们境没声那就去一安个静没的地方也们们第二点～我之们混合器称;音,使在一像们们们的们境中噪即你个嘈--我们多们很们都生活在们们的们境中--在们里咖啡听你听声可以到多少们音,你噪可以在混们音中分辨出多少立的音,独声们们也可以在幽的地方们们～比如在湖们静我可以到多少们们听声叫,它们从哪哪里们出,们向里,们也是好的们们很来听改善我们的们能力第三点～我之们称声品味音们是好的们们个很是们于享受平淡声音的比如们～们是我的们筒式干衣机;干衣机,像们们们一们123～123～123我喜们它或者们们们个;咖啡研磨机,哇喔,如果用心～如此平你声凡的音也可以们们有趣我其们们称形合唱们他们一直都在我们周们下一们们个也们是五们之中最重要的如果只们一的们个那就是们的们听状--你你听状可以改们们的们们根据你听内所的容而定们些要用到些们们器哪们们得们～我们始的们候提到们的像一个杠运它杆一们去用们根据它来们们移们到不同的地方屏幕上只是一部分们的们听状或者是大家可以用的们们的一些运听状尺度们有们多它很很有趣～们人激们最后～是一们个略们你听它可以在们、交流们用到只要们于其中一们情下你况--我想可能们们演听个们的在座各位都是吧--们们们就是个写RASA它个本身是梵文意思是汁液或者精们同们RASA们里代表着接受意思是们注于交们的人与你们们～做出些反映比如～恩～～好不们哦～小们“所以～因此”们们在交流中是非常重要的个以及们们最后的们候们些们们声音是我的们好我的生命我们此了一本们～所以我们们而生写听当数来然们们大多人们要求太高了但是我相信每一个人都需要有意们的们听才是完整的生活--把空们和们们和我们周们的自然世界们系起来把每个来人用相互理解们系起更不用们是精神们面的们系因们每一我了解的精个径神幽都包括们自内听心的们和凝们们就是们什们我们需要在学听当个校把们作一技能去们授们什们们们情况却相反,太不可理解了如果我们可以在学听校里们授们技巧可以阻止我们的们们向我提到们的听那个怕危们、可的世界并将个个听其引们到一每人都们于有意们的去们的地方--或者至少有能力去们听们在们不知道如何做到们点但们就是TED我们们TED们有能力体做任何事情因此我邀们大家们系我～同们彼此互相们系秉承们使个听学命～同们们们们程们入校通们一代人的努力把世界们成一们于们的世界个听--一个彼此们系的世界一相互理解的世界一和平的世界个个们们大家今天们我的演们听;掌声,Vedio2RemixWe'regoingtobeginin1964.BobDylanis23yearsold,andhiscareerisjustreachingitspinnacle.He'sbeenchristenedthevoiceofageneration,andhe'schurningoutclassicsongsataseeminglyimpossiblerate,butthere'sasmallminorityofdissenters,andtheyclaimthatBobDylanisstealingotherpeople'ssongs.2004.BrianBurton,akaDangerMouse,takestheBeatles'"WhiteAlbum,"combinesitwithJay-Z's"TheBlackAlbum"tocreate"TheGreyAlbum.""TheGreyAlbum"becomesanimmediatesensationonline,andtheBeatles'recordcompanysendsoutcountlesscease-and-desistlettersfor"unfaircompetitionanddilutionofourvaluableproperty."Now,"TheGreyAlbum"isaremix.Itisnewmediacreatedfromoldmedia.Itwasmadeusingthesethreetechniques:copy,transformandcombine.It'showyouremix.Youtakeexistingsongs,youchopthemup,youtransformthepieces,youcombinethembacktogetheragain,andyou'vegotanewsong,butthatnewsongisclearlycomprisedofoldsongs.ButIthinkthesearen'tjustthecomponentsofremixing.Ithinkthesearethebasicelementsofallcreativity.Ithinkeverythingisaremix,andIthinkthisisabetterwaytoconceiveofcreativity.Allright,let'sheadbackto1964,andlet'shearwheresomeofDylan'searlysongscamefrom.We'lldosomeside-by-sidecomparisonshere.Allright,thisfirstsongyou'regoingtohearis"NottamunTown."It'satraditionalfolktune.Afterthat,you'llhearDylan's"MastersofWar."JeanRitchie:?InNottamunTown,notasoulwouldlookout,??notasoulwouldlookup,notasoulwouldlookdown.?BobDylan:?Comeyoumastersofwar,??youthatbuildthebigguns,youthatbuildthedeathplanes,??Youthatbuildallthebombs.?KirbyFerguson:Okay,sothat'sthesamebasicmelodyandoverallstructure.Thisnextoneis"ThePatriotGame,"byDominicBehan.Alongsidethat,you'regoingtohear"WithGodonOurSide,"byDylan.DominicBehan:?Comeallyeyoungrebels,??andlistwhileIsing,??fortheloveofone'slandisaterriblething.?BD:?Ohmynameitisnothin',??myageitmeansless,??thecountryIcomefromiscalledtheMidwest.?KF:Okay,sointhiscase,Dylanadmitshemusthaveheard"ThePatriotGame,"heforgotaboutit,thenwhenthesongkindofbubbledbackupinhisbrain,hejustthoughtitwashissong.Lastone,thisis"Who'sGoingToBuyYouRibbons,"anothertraditionalfolktune.Alongsidethatis"Don'tThinkTwice,It'sAllRight."Thisone'smoreaboutthelyric.PaulClayton:?Itain'tnousetositandsighnow,??darlin',anditain'tnousetositandcrynow.?BD:?Itain’tnousetositandwonderwhy,babe,??ifyoudon'tknowbynow,??anditain'tnousetositandwonderwhy,babe,??it'llneverdosomehow.?KF:Okay,now,there'salotofthese.It'sbeenestimatedthattwothirdsofthemelodiesDylanusedinhisearlysongswereborrowed.Thisisprettytypicalamongfolksingers.Here'stheadviceofDylan'sidol,WoodyGuthrie."Theworldsaretheimportantthing.Don'tworryabouttunes.Takeatune,singhighwhentheysinglow,singfastwhentheysingslow,andyou'vegotanewtune."(Laughter)(Applause)Andthat's,that'swhatGuthriedidrighthere,andI'msureyouallrecognizetheresults.(Music)Weknowthistune,right?Weknowit?Actuallyyoudon't.Thatis"WhentheWorld'sonFire,"averyoldmelody,inthiscaseperformedbytheCarterFamily.Guthrieadapteditinto"ThisLandIsYourLand."So,BobDylan,likeallfolksingers,hecopiedmelodies,hetransformedthem,hecombinedthemwithnewlyricswhichwerefrequentlytheirownconcoctionofpreviousstuff.Now,Americancopyrightandpatentlawsruncountertothisnotionthatwebuildontheworkofothers.Instead,theselawsandlawsaroundtheworldusetheratherawkwardanalogyofproperty.Now,creativeworksmayindeedbekindoflikeproperty,butit'spropertythatwe'reallbuildingon,andcreationscanonlytakerootandgrowoncethatgroundhasbeenprepared.HenryFordoncesaid,"Iinventednothingnew.Isimplyassembledthediscoveriesofothermenbehindwhomwerecenturiesofwork.Progresshappenswhenallthefactorsthatmakeforitarereadyandthenitisinevitable."2007.TheiPhonemakesitdebut.Appleundoubtedlybringsthisinnovationtousearly,butitstimewasapproachingbecauseitscoretechnologyhadbeenevolvingfordecades.That'smulti-touch,controllingadevicebytouchingitsdisplay.HereisSteveJobsintroducingmulti-touchandmakingaratherforebodingjoke.SteveJobs:Andwehaveinventedanewtechnologycalledmulti-touch.Youcandomulti-fingeredgesturesonit,andboyhavewepatentedit.(Laughter)KF:Yes.Andyet,hereismulti-touchinaction.ThisisatTED,actually,aboutayearearlier.ThisisJeffHan,and,Imean,that'smulti-touch.It'sthesameanimal,atleast.Let'shearwhatJeffHanhastosayaboutthisnewfangledtechnology.JeffHan:Multi-touchsensingisn'tanything--isn'tcompletelynew.Imean,peoplelikeBillBuxtonhavebeenplayingaroundwithitinthe'80s.Thetechnology,youknow,isn'tthemostexcitingthinghererightnowotherthanprobablyitsnewfoundaccessibility.KF:Sohe'sprettyfrankaboutitnotbeingnew.Soit'snotmulti-touchasawholethat'spatented.It'sthesmallpartsofitthatare,andit'sinthesesmalldetailswherewecanclearlyseepatentlawcontradictingitsintent:topromotetheprogressofusefularts.Hereisthefirsteverslide-to-unlock.Thatisallthereistoit.Applehaspatentedthis.It'sa28-pagesoftwarepatent,butIwillsummarizewhatitcovers.Spoileralert:Unlockingyourphonebyslidinganiconwithyourfinger.(Laughter)I'monlyexaggeratingalittlebit.It'sabroadpatent.Now,cansomeoneownthisidea?Now,backinthe'80s,therewerenosoftwarepatents,anditwasXeroxthatpioneeredthegraphicaluserinterface.Whatiftheyhadpatentedpop-upmenus,scrollbars,thedesktopwithiconsthatlooklikefoldersandsheetsofpaper?WouldayoungandinexperiencedApplehavesurvivedthelegalassaultfromamuchlargerandmorematurecompanylikeXerox?Now,thisideathateverythingisaremixmightsoundlikecommonsenseuntilyou'retheonegettingremixed.Forexample...SJ:Imean,Picassohadasaying.Hesaid,"Goodartistscopy.Greatartistssteal."Andwehave,youknow,alwaysbeenshamelessaboutstealinggreatideas.KF:Okay,sothat'sin'96.Here'sin2010."I'mgoingtodestroyAndroidbecauseit'sastolenproduct."(Laughter)"I'mwillingtogothermonuclearwaronthis."(Laughter)Okay,soinotherwords,greatartistssteal,butnotfromme.(Laughter)Now,behavioraleconomistsmightrefertothissortofthingaslossaversionWehaveastrongpredispositiontowardsprotectingwhatwefeelisours.Wehavenosuchaversiontowardscopyingwhatotherpeoplehave,becausewedothatnonstop.Sohere'sthesortofequationwe'relookingat.We'vegotlawsthatfundamentallytreatcreativeworksasproperty,plusmassiverewardsorsettlementsininfringementcases,plushugelegalfeestoprotectyourselfincourt,pluscognitivebiasesagainstperceivedloss.Andthesumlookslikethis.Thatisthelastfouryearsoflawsuitsintherealmofsmartphones.Isthispromotingtheprogressofusefularts?1983.BobDylanis42yearsold,andhistimeintheculturalspotlightislongsincepast.Herecordsasongcalled"BlindWillieMcTell,"namedafterthebluessinger,andthesongisavoyagethroughthepast,throughamuchdarkertime,butasimplerone,atimewhenmusicianslikeWillieMcTellhadfewillusionsaboutwhattheydid."Ijump'emfromotherwritersbutIarrange'emmyownway."Ithinkthisismostlywhatwedo.Ourcreativitycomesfromwithout,notfromwithin.Wearenotself-made.Wearedependentononeanother,andadmittingthistoourselvesisn'tanembraceofmediocrityandderivativeness.It'saliberationfromourmisconceptions,andit'sanincentivetonotexpectsomuchfromourselvesandtosimplybegin.Thankyousomuch.Itwasanhonortobehere.Thankyou.(Applause)Thankyou.Thankyou.(Applause)Thankyou.(Applause)我们从1964年们始们起。们勃?迪们才23们和他的事们正们在们峰。他被尊们们代之声他在以看似不可能的速度～制作们典歌曲但有少的们～数异并声称且他们们勃?迪们在剽窃其他人的歌曲。2004.布恩莱?伯们～也就是危们老鼠～取了披们士的"白色们们"～们合们们Jay-Z的"黑色们们"们建了"灰色们们"。"灰色们们"立在上们们即网披们士们们的唱片公司们出了无数停止"不公平们争和稀们重要们们。“的信函好了～"灰色们们"是混搭的～它从旧体体是媒造出的新媒。它是由以下三们技巧造成的,来们制、们们和合并。们程是,把们有的你歌曲～截成小段、们们们些片断～最后再们合起来～你造出了一首新歌～但们首新歌很明们是老歌曲们成的。但我们得们些不是只是们配的们件。我们们们些是所有们新的基本要素。我们们一切都是混搭～而且我们们们是们们造力更好的们度。好～们我们回到吧1964年～们我们听听其中的一些迪们早期的歌曲是从哪来的。我们要在们里做一些向比们横。好～第一首吧你会听歌到是"们塔芒城"。它是一个们们的民们曲们。之后～到你会听迪们的"们之争王"。们?里奇,在们?个灵塔芒城～一魂都不向往会?看～?灵会没个灵会瞧?魂不向上看～有一魂向下。们勃?迪们,们们?来吧争之王～??你构你?建们支～的打造死亡的们机～?你?～造成所有的炸们。柯比弗格森,好～们就是相同的吧基本旋律与体构个整们。们下一们是"们国者游们“由多米尼克本们。同们～你将听到迪们的"上帝在我们们们"。多米尼克本们,～们?来吧你?反叛的年们人～?在我唱们～??个怕?列出们一人的土地是件可的事情。BD,我的名字什们都不是～?哦??我的年们不是们们??来国称?我自的家被们中西部。KF,好的所以在们们情下～况迪们承们他一定们们会听"们国者游们"～他忘了们件事～然后们首当来歌有点回想起们～在他的大们中～他们们那是他的歌。最后一～们是个"们们们们们们～会你"另个一们们民们小们。旁们的是"不要犹豫～那们系没。"们更多们于歌们。保们?克莱?没?们,坐地们息有用?没们们的～们在坐地们息有用。?BD,坐地?没宝?冥想有用～们～?你?如果们在们不明白?真没坐地冥想们什们的有用～们～宝??它会?永们不有用。KF,好～们在～有了多例子吧很。据们们～迪们有三分之二在他早期的歌中用们的旋律都是借来的。们在民们歌手中相平常当。们里是迪们的偶像WoodyGuthrie的意们。"世界是重要的事情～就是们心担歌的曲们。一首曲子～当他们唱低～就你唱高当你你他们唱得慢～就唱快。就有一首新的曲子。";笑,;声声掌,们就是Guthrie就在们里做的相信大家都承们们们果。;音们,我们们们首听确听曲子～正们,我们们它们,其们有你没。们就是"当世界起火"的非常老的旋律～们个卡由特家族演奏。Guthrie改们们它"们片土地是的你土地"。所以～们勃?迪们～像所有的民歌手～他们制旋律～他改们了它将它与们～们们新歌们们合们们常是自己炮制以前的们西。们在～们于我们建立在们人的工作的概念～美国的版们和们利法律背道而们。们些法律和世界各地的法律都使用们们似的笨拙的们比。们在～们意作品可能们是有点像们们～确但的它来价们～是基于我们后附加的们造上～只要一有们意的土壤且只有们们们意才能们们生根们芽亨利?福特曾们们们,"我们明什们没新的我只重新们合他人的们们那背后是世们的们几个累。当所有的因素～已准们好们步才会们们～才成们必然"。2007年～iPhone首次亮相。苹将来果无疑们们们新们我们们早了～因们及其核心技们曾被数来断十年不们展～但的们代已们接它近。们就是多点触来控控制们们的技们们就是多点触来控控制们们的技们们里是史蒂夫?们布斯在引入多点触摸并们着们言性的玩笑。史蒂夫?们布斯,与我们们明了一们新技们被们多点称触摸。你抓可以取的手们～而且我们申们了们利,;笑,声KF,是的。然而～们里是多点触控的们展。们是在TED～其们～们早前一年左右。们是杰夫?们～我的意思是～们就是多点触控。它至少是相同的们物。们我们听听杰夫们已们们们新奇的技们。杰夫?们,多点触——摸感们不是们的什们不是全新的。我的意思是～人们喜们比们巴克斯们它它在八十年代玩弄。们们技们～你并知道～们在不是最令人们们的事情除了也们们它拓了新的们用范们KF,所以他相当坦率,们技们不是个新的。所以～不是多点触体控整被们利保们～们是的小部分它才是。正是在们些小们们中我们可以楚地清看到们利法反们其意们,们促们有价们们们的们步。们里是第一个滑们解们。就们们们们。苹果～们已们得们利。它是一们28们们件们利～但我们们所会它内涵盖的们容。注意,你您们可能要失望了,解们的们们通们滑们用手指的们们。;笑,声我只一点有点大夸它广。是一们泛的们利。们在～有人可以们有们们想法们,们在～早在八十年代～有们件们没利们们了们形用们界面的施们公司才那们干。如果他们们有们出菜们们利们们条桌来～在面上的们们看起像文件们和一们们们,一个苹年们和缺乏们们的果会从们受住大得多的施们公司的法律攻们而们得更成熟们,们在～们一切都是混搭的想法可能听来起像是常们一们除非是正被混们的人你。例如……SJ,我的意思是～们加索曾们他们～"好的们们家拷们。们大的们们家们窃。"我们有～～你懂一直们们们大的想法不们无窃耻。KF,好的～们是在96年。们在是2010年。"我要们毁安卓系们～因们是一的们它个盗窃来品。";笑,声"我愿意就此们们们核们争"。;笑,声好了～所以们句们们～们大的们们家取～但不是我窃从。;笑,声们在～行们们们家可能们们事们们失们们心理学会将称我们有强烈们向于保们我们自己的们西。我们有们们没制其他人们们因们我们不停地做。所以们是我们看着的等式。我们得从将根本上们意作品们们们们的法律和在侵们行们中巨大的回们或浅们们再加上若要在法庭上保们自己的巨大的法律们用再加上若要在法庭上保们自己的巨大的法律们用加上们知偏们反们感知们失。与来们和看起像们们。们是们去四年在智能手机们域的们们们是们去四年在智能手机们域的们们们是宣们有用们们的们展情们,况1983。们勃?迪们是42们的们候他在文化聚光灯下的们代早已们去。他们了一首歌叫做"盲的威利麦克塔～"们首歌的名字以们们歌手命名歌曲是穿梭到们去～到一们更个当黑暗的们代但有一们们们音们的们去～人们喜们威利麦克塔的们去有他们所做的几个幻想。"我其他从来作家那抄的但我用我自己的方式。我们们们是我们主要做的。我们的们意自于外界来,而不是我们心内。我们不是们们造们～而是相互依们的～们我们自己承们们一点不是并们平庸和们们的们抱。们是一次我们们从解中的解放～们是不们自己期望们高的感知只要们始就好。非常感们。能们在们里是我的们幸。们们。;掌声,们们。们们。;掌声,们们。;掌声,Vedio3TalkNerdyFiveyearsago,IexperiencedabitofwhatitmusthavebeenliketobeAliceinWonderland.PennStateaskedme,acommunicationsteacher,toteachacommunicationsclassforengineeringstudents.AndIwasscared.(Laughter)Reallyscared.Scaredofthesestudentswiththeirbigbrainsandtheirbigbooksandtheirbig,unfamiliarwords.Butastheseconversationsunfolded,IexperiencedwhatAlicemusthavewhenshewentdownthatrabbitholeandsawthatdoortoawholenewworld.That'sjusthowIfeltasIhadthoseconversationswiththestudents.Iwasamazedattheideasthattheyhad,andIwantedotherstoexperiencethiswonderlandaswell.AndIbelievethekeytoopeningthatdoorisgreatcommunication.Wedesperatelyneedgreatcommunicationfromourscientistsandengineersinordertochangetheworld.Ourscientistsandengineersaretheonesthataretacklingourgrandestchallenges,fromenergytoenvironmenttohealthcare,amongothers,andifwedon'tknowaboutitandunderstandit,thentheworkisn'tdone,andIbelieveit'sourresponsibilityasnon-scientiststohavetheseinteractions.Butthesegreatconversationscan'toccurifourscientistsandengineersdon'tinviteusintoseetheirwonderland.Soscientistsandengineers,please,talknerdytous.Iwanttoshareafewkeysonhowyoucandothattomakesurethatwecanseethatyourscienceissexyandthatyourengineeringisengaging.Firstquestiontoanswerforus:sowhat?Telluswhyyour