语法错题

PART ONE 语法错题 3. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent __________, or pronghorn. (A) it is the American antelope (B) the American antelope is (C) is the American antelope (D) the American antelope :C 测试点:倒装句。 :Typical of放在句首的句子,要用倒装句。Typical of…短语是语,应在答案中选择“系动词+主语”的结构,即(C)。 解题要点:遇倒装句在4个答案中寻找以系动词 (be)开始的结构。 16. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. 答案:A 测试点:否定词。 分析:no,not以及none这三个否定词的用法,常在题中故意混淆。副词not不能修饰名词woman,此外应用形容词no。 解题要点:no或not出现在TOEFL改错题中,应首先考虑其是否正确。 21. Barges which carrier most of the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usually propelled by towing. 答案:A 测试点:词性。 分析:carrier是名词,而此处需要谓语动词。应为carries。 解题要点:名词后缀-er,-or,-tion,-sion等形式出现在TOEFL改错题中,应引起特别注意。 24. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning. 答案:B 测试点:并列结构/词性。 分析:and的前后部分应同词性、同性质,此处应用副词effectively与and前的simply和directly并列,不用形容词effective。 25. Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long. 答案:D 测试点:词性 分析:表示“在长度方面”固定的说法是in length,不用long。从词性考虑,介词诅后要加名词(1ength),不能加形容词(1ong)。 解题要点;TOEFL考题中表示长(1ong,length),高(high,height),深(deep,depth)等词的名词及其形容词形式常常混淆。 31. Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat. 答案:C 测试点:other和another的用法。 分析:遇有划线的another或other要加以注意,这两个词常被相互错用。此处应为other。Other than是固定说法,表示“除了,不同于”。 32.In a representative democracy, the people election delegates to an assembly. 答案:C 测试点:词性。 分析:此处需一动词作谓语,而election是名词。解题要点;参见本套考题的第(21)题。 38. Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities. 答案:C 测试点:词性/并列结构。 分析:连词and要求它两边是同词性、同性质的成份。此处and一边是形容词tactile,另一边应当也是形容词visional,不用名词vision。 9. Uniform acceleration occurs __________the rate of change remains the same over successive and equal intervals of time. (A) according (B) if (C) with (D) under 答案:B 测试点:连词。 分析:空格前是一完整的主谓结构的句子,空格后的句子是它的状语从句,所缺为引导状语从句的连词。4个答案中只有(B)if是连词。(C)(D)是介词,(A)是副词,均不可连接从句。 11. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of __________reality. (A) what it is conceived (B) that is conceived (C) what is conceived to be (D) that is being conceived of 答案:C 测试点:名词从句。 分析:介词of后只能接名词宾语或名词性宾语从句。what引导的从句为名词从句,而that引导的从句则不可,接在介词后面,故在(A)(C)中选择。但(A)中what与it重复,故选(C)。且be conceived to be是固定结构。 16. The boiled point of any liquid is determined by the pressure of the surrounding gases. 答案:A 测试点:词形。 分析:“沸点”的固定说法是boiling point,不用boiled。现在分词和过去分词有时会被故意用错,应记住现在分词有“正在进行”的意义,而过去分词则给人“已经完成”的感觉。试比较boiled water(煮开过的水)。 21. On May 20,1932, Amelia Earhart became the first woman fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. 答案:C 测试点:后置定语。 分析:the first woman后面是定语而不是谓语,不能用动词原形fly,而应用flying,或to fly。解题要点: the first…to do…是TOEFL常考习语。 22. Translated into terms of psychological theory, association has been thought of as the basis of to learn, conditioning, and creative thinking. 答案:C 测试点:词形/并列结构. 分析:介词of后不能加不定式(to learn),而应加动名词。此外,后文and要求两边同词性、同性质,因此,应当用learning与conditioning和thinking并列。 29. Although it is any longer the big business that it was in the forties, radio continues to be a medium of essential communication, especially at the local level. 答案:A 测试点:习语/no和any的用法。 分析:no longer是固定说法,用在肯定句中。any longer则用在否定句和疑问句中。(A)前是肯定的it is,故此处用no longer。 30. The field of dynamics in physics is concerned with a particle’s motion in relation to the forces acting it. 答案:D 测试点:缺词。 分析:act为及物动词时意为“扮演(角色)”,而此处意为“起作”,应为不及物动词,不能直接加宾语。应为acting on/upon it。 33. When overall exports exceed imports, a country said to have a trade surplus. 答案:C 测试点:习语/被动语态。 分析:看到said to+动词,应想到用的是be said十不定式的结构,表示“被说成是……”。此处缺系动词is。 36. Behavior modification techniques work best with problems that manifest itself in overt actions. 答案:C 测试点:代词数的一致。 分析:代词的人称和数要与它所指代的名词一致。此处指代的是复数名词 problems,代词也要用复数的themselves。 解题要点: 代词的单、复数形式也是TOEFL常考的要点,一定要找到它所指代的名词以确定它们的数是否一致。 37. Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear image, most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment. 答案:D 测试点:little和few的用法。 分析:这两个词常见相互错用。equipment是个集合名词,不可数,只能用little修饰,不能用few(few修饰可数名词)。 39. Common to North America, those cinnamon fern is found in wet places. 答案:B 测试点:数的一致。 分析:修饰词,限定词的数要与其中心词一致。fern是单数,前面不能用复数代词those.应为the。 14. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for __________ with which to regulate them. (A) more accurate than sundials (B) more accurate sundials (C) sundials more accurately (D) more accurately than sundials 答案:B 测试点:介词宾语。 分析:介词for后面应接名词性的成份作其宾语。4个答案中只有(B)是以名词sundials作中心词的词组,可作介词宾语。 15. Anthropology is a science __________anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others. (A) in that (B) that in (C) that (D) in 答案:A 测试点:习语。 分析:空格后面的部分说明Anthropology is a science的原因,而并非修饰它。答案中只有(A)in that表示“因为”,故选(A)。(C)that是错误的。从句子结构上分析这个that无法引导出定语从句,因句中既有主语(anthropologists)又有宾语(asetof…);从句意上分析,that后面的部分并不是前面Science的同位语从句。 解题要点:当4个答案中有in that这个短语时,首先要考虑选择它。 21.It has been calculated that the Earth’s circumference around the equator is over forty longer miles than the circumference around the two poles. 答案:D 测试点:词序。 分析:表示数量、程度的形容词(或副词)比较级的正确语序为:数词十量词+比较词+than,即forty miles longer(than…)。 25. The first libraries in the North American colonies was established in Massachusetts in the year 1638. 答案:A 测试点:主谓数的一致。 分析:后文助动词was为单数,说明其主语也应是单数。应为library。注意此处library的单、复数与前面的first无关。 30. How many people remember listening to Orson Welles’1938 radio broadcast. “The War of the Worlds,” Which convince thousands that space aliens had invaded the Earth? 答案:D 测试点:时态。 分析:从句主语which代指的是1938 radio broadcast,谓语动词不能用现在时。convince应为过去时的convinced。(A)(B)remember+动词-ing形式,指“记得曾做过某事”,无误。 33. Jackie Mclean’s recordings have sh own that he is one of the few jazz musicians who style A B of playing has kept pace with the evolution of modern jazz. 答案:B 测试点:代词。 分析:名词前面应当用形容词性的代词修饰、限制。此处,名词style前应当用所有格的whose,而不用主格的who。 34. How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. 答案:B 测试点:词性。 分析:看到句中的系动词its应想到其后的a…是表语,此表语由a+名词构成。puzzling是形 容词,应用名词puzzle。 36. A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten the lives. 答案:D 测试点:冠词/代词。 分析:复数名词在泛指时前面不加任何冠词。lives是复数名词,其意义又并非特指哪些人的生命,故the为多余。或者亦可以用their代替the,与前面的people相呼应。 1. When ---in arctic regions, the Aleuts construct igloos as temporary winter shelters. (A) travel (B) to travel (C) traveling them