感官动词及现在进行时表将来

感官动词 (A)感官动词(及物动词)有:see/notic e/look at/w atch/observe/listen to/hear/feel(Vt)/taste(Vt)/smell(Vt) (B)连缀动词(含感官不及物动词) be/get/become/feel/look/sound/smell/taste/seem/ appear/grow/turn/prove/go/run 用法 一、look, sound, smell, taste, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词,后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状 态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外,其它几个动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。 例如:These flowers smell very sw eet.这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。 二、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语,like后面常用名词。 例如:Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。 三、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词,除look(当"看起来……"讲时)只能作不及物动词外,其余四个既可 作及物动词也可作不及物动词,此时作为实义动词讲时其主语一般为人。(和1有区别) 例如: She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。I felt in my pocket for c igarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。 四、taste, smell作不及物动词时,可用于"taste / smell + of +名词"结构,意为"有……味道/气味"。 例如: The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。 五、它们(sound除外)可以直接作名词,与have或take构成短语。 例如: May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗? taste有品位,味道的意思例:I don't like the taste of the garlic. 我不喜欢大蒜的味道。 She dresses in poor taste.她穿着没有品位。 look有外观,特色的意思例:The plac e has a European look.此地具有欧洲特色。 feel有感觉,感受的意思 六、其中look, sound, feel还能构成"look / sound / feel + as if +从句"结构,意为"看起来/听起来/感觉好 像……"。例如:It look s as if our c lass is going to w in.看来我们班好像要获胜了. 七、感官动词+do 与+doing的区别: 感官动词see, watch, observe, notic e, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。典型例题 1 1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was grow ing D. to grow :A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是 成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。 2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 答案A. 本题强调其动 作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。有时hear等感官动词后加doing 表示正在听。 现在进行时表将来 现在进行时除表进行外,还可以表示将来。现在进行时表将来时常用―意图‖―安排‖或―打算‖的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感。 它常表最近或较近的将来,所用动词多是转移动词。如: (1) I’m going. 我要走了。(2) I'm coming.我要来了。(3) When are you starting? 你什么时候动身? 表将来的现在进行时除用于转移动词外,亦可用于某些非转移动词。如: (1) I’m meeting you after class. 课后我找你。(2) What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么? (3) She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。 但偶尔也表示较远的将来。如:When I grow up, I’m joining the army. 我长大了要参军。 表将来的现在进行时有时含有―决心‖的意思,多用在否定结构中。如: (1) I’m not going. 我不走了。(2) I’m not waiting any longer. 我不再等了。 有时也用在肯定结构中。如:I’m backin g out. 我要打退堂鼓了。 用这种现在进行时与对方讲话时可变成命令,不过语气比较温和。如: (1) Y ou are staying. 你留下吧。(2) Don’t forget: you are taking part too. 不要忘记:你也要参加。 同一般现在时一样,现在进行时也可在时间、条件或原因状语从句中表示将来。如: (1) when you are passing my way, please drop in. 你什么时候路过我们家,请进来坐。(用于时间状语从句) (2) If they are not doing it, what am I to do? 如果他们不干,那我该怎么办?(用于条件状语从句) (3) She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth filled. 表示将来的现在进行时也可用在间接引语中,表示说话人相信它将是事实。如: He said he is going tomorrow. 他说他明天走。 表将来的现在进行时有时从属于将来时态。如: (1) On election night we’ll be telling you what’s happening in various places in this country. 到了选举的夜晚,我们将 把全国各地的情况告诉大家。 (2) when I have time, I’ll come down to the school to see how you’re both doing. 我有空时,会来学校看你们俩的学习 情况。 典型例题 (1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment. A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed. 答案B. 在时间,条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said,故为过去式。主句用将来时,故选 B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。 (2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项,行程等活动。 The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。) Grammar The Present Continuous Tense for future use 现在进行时表将来 Be (am , is ,are ) + v. ing I am He/she/it is We/you/they are 现在进行时用法: ?He is doing his home work now. ?Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my dad on the farm. ?She’s always changing he r mind. ?Mother is taking us home to see my grandma on Sunday 1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。时间状语:now, at this moment… 2.表示现阶段在进行的情况。 --- What are you doing recently(最近)? --- I am pre paring for the mid-te rn exam re cently(我最近在为期中考而复习。) 时间状语:these days, today, this week, this te rm… 3. 表示反复性或习惯性的动作,常与always, continually等连用,表示说话人的赞扬、厌恶、不满和遗憾等 感情色彩。 She is always changing her mind.她老是改变注意。 She is always thinking about others first.她总是先想到别人。 4. 现在进行时be doing表示将来 现在进行时可用来表示一个在最近按或打算要进行的动作;通常带一个表将来的时间状语, 但有明确的上下文时无须指出时间。 能用进行时表将来的动词:go, come, leave, start, arrive, give, return, slee p ,stay, play, do, take, get, see off, travel, fly, drive, walk, reach, meet… Sentence patte rn: When are you leaving? = When are you going to leave?=When will you leave? Where are you staying ? How are you going to…?How lon g are you staying in…? When are you arriving in/at…?When are you coming back? Practice the follow ing dialogue w ith your partner and underline the verbs in this tense. A: Are you w orking this evening? B: No. We’re having an English party, don’t you kn ow? A: Yes, I do. And we’re giving some performanc es at the party. What are you going to do? B: I’m singing songs w ith my c lassmates. 1). come, go, stay, arrive, leave 等趋向动词的现在进行时经常用于表示将来确切的计划。 I am le aving China in two hours. 我将会在两个小时后离开中国。 2) 表示交通方式、行程安排的动词,例如fly, walk, ride, drive, take (a bus, a taxi)等的现在进行时也经常用 于表示将来。 I am flying to Japan tomorrow. 明天我会飞往日本。 1.我星期五动身去北京。I’m leaving for Beijing this Friday. 2. 我的朋友今晚过来。My friends are coming over this e vening. 3. 下周五我们乘飞机去上海。We are flying to Shanghai next Friday. 4. 下课后我们打算在操场踢足球。After class we are playing football on the playground. 表将来的时态其他方法: ?He will write you a letter ne xt week. ?We’re not going to have any classes next week. ?The ne xt train leaves at 9:15. 注意 另外,表示将来的动作或状态,还可用以下几种形式: ①will / shall+动词原形: 不以主观意志为转移的,客观的。I shall be seventeen years old next month. ②be going to+动词原形:表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。We are going to have a meeting today. ③be to+动词原形:表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见,事先安排好的。Are we to go on with this work? ④be about to+动词原形,表示即将发生的动作,不与表示将来的时间状语连用。 I was about to go swimming when my guide shoute d at me and told me not to do so. 我正要去游泳, 这时向导大声叫我不要去。 ⑤一般现在时表示将来时 (1) come, go, leave, move, start, return, arrive, begin, stay等动词表示的是航班,轮船等时间表时,用一般现 在时表将来。The plane takes off at 10:10. That is, it’s leaving in ten minutes. (2) 用在状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。If you do that again, I’ll hit you. 同一般现在时一样,现在进行时也可用在时间,条件或原因状语中表将来. 1.When you are passing my way, please drop in.你什么时候路过我家,请进来坐。 2.If the y are not doing it, what am I to do?假如他们不干,那我该怎么办。 3.She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth fille d。 她明天要去看牙医,因为她要补牙。 (3) 用在I bet 和I hope后面, 常用一般现在时表将来。 I bet you don’t get up before ten tomorrow. 我敢说你明天不到10点是不会起床的。 ⑥单纯叙述未来的事实,可以用将来进行时,也可表示按计划安排将来要执行的动作。 Suppose you are Chairman of Studen t Union, and you are organizing a bike trip on Ne w Year’s Day. Now a student is asking for information about the trip at the office. According to the following chart ,using the Present Continuous Tense make a dialogue with your partner. Destination : TaiChe ng – Tonggu Black-sand Bay Time: start --January 1s t return --January 2nd cycle time – about 8 hours Transportation: cycle (by bike) Accommodation: spe nd a night in the bay Fare: less than 50 yuan Things: ? Where are you travelling? When are you starting / returning / arriving? How are you going the re? Where are you staying ? How much are you spending ? What are you doing there? A: Good morning /Welcome to Student Union. Can I help you? B: I he ard that you are planning a bike trip. May I ask you for some information? A: Of course/ Go ahead. B: Where / when / how / how long /how much / … A: … B: Thank you ve ry much. B: My pleasure. 期中考快到了,全班同学都正在忙着复习。Lucy,你的老朋友,在考试前夕总会生病。这个周末,你和Minnie 打算去探望她,并且给她带束花。然后,你们还会到电影院看场电影轻松一下。 内容(全部信息):5分5 sentences 语言(词汇,句型):8分Sentence pattern 连贯(连词,过渡):2分Conj. Ste p 1划分信息块,列出写作要点。 1.期中考快到了,全班同学都正在忙着复习。 2. Lucy,你的老朋友,在考试前夕总会生病。 3.这个周末,你和Minnie 打算去探望她。 4. 给她带束花。 5. 你们还会到电影院看场电影轻松一下。 语言—时态;连贯—连词 1.期中考快到了,全班同学都正在忙着复习。…are busy pre paring…Howe ver, 2. Lucy,你的老朋友,在考试前夕总会生病。… is always be coming ill…so/ the refore 3.这个周末,你和Minnie 打算去探望她。 …are visiting…and/what’s more/in addition /besides/at the same time/then / after that 4. 给她带束花。… are taking… 5. 你们还会到电影院看场电影轻松一下。…are seeing… Finish your writing. Peer assessment (互评) with your partner. 6