郑和下西洋和哥伦布发现新大陆影响比较(英文版)

【DOC】-江苏省南通中学2013-2014学年高二上学期英语试题 江苏省南通中学2013-2014学年高二上学期期末考 试英语试题 江苏省南通中学2013-2014年度第一学期期终考试 高二英语试卷 第一部分:听力(共两节，满分20分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选 项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How did the woman get to school today? A. By bus. B. By car. C. By bike. 2. What do we know about the man? A. He arrived before 3:00p.m. B. He didn’t make a reservation. C. His reservation was cancelled. 3. Where are the speakers probably? A. At a zoo. B. On a farm. C. In the mountains. 4. What does the man suggest the woman do on Mother’s Day? A. Eat out with her children. B. Go to the movies. C. Stay home. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The weather. B. Their friend. C. A gift. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why is the man writing a letter? A. To help a friend. B. To apply for a job. C. To contact Ben. 7. What does the man say about Ben? A. He goes out every night. B. He never does a day’s work. C. He gets on well with children. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What does the man think of the man’s paper? A. It’s interesting. B. It’s easy to finish. C. It’s hard to understand. 9. Why doesn’t the man want to write about clocks or umbrellas? A. He knows little about them. B. He is not interested in them. C. He doesn’t want to do research on them. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. How long are most shops open in New York? 第 1页 共 13页 A. 9 hours. B. 10 hours. C. 12 hours. 11. Where are the speakers? A. In Paris. B. In London. C. In New York. 12. What does the woman think of Americans? A. Rude. B. Frank. C. Hospitable. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. When does the conversation take place? A. In the late morning. B. At noon. C. In the early afternoon. 14. What is the weather probably like? A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Windy. 15. What does the woman say about the new job? A. The salary is not high. B. The working time is satisfying. C. The working conditions are wonderful. 16. What is the woman most likely to do in five years’ time? A. Move family. B. Travel to Australia. C. Go to another country. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. When did Bill Wales enter university? A. At the age of 18. B. At the age of 20. C. At the age of 23. 18. How does Bill Wales pay his tuition? A. By asking his parents for money. B. By working in his spare time. C. By applying for scholarships. 19. What did Bill Wales do after his second year at university? A. He moved to another place. B. He left London and found a job. C. He left school and worked for a year. 20. Why did Bill Wales decide to move the second time? A. He couldn’t afford his rent. B. He couldn’t stand his roommates. C. He didn’t get along well with his landlord. 第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分) 第一节:单项填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题 纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 21. ----- I’ve nothing on me except this ten-yuan note to donate, I’m afraid. ----- Never mind. ______. We really appreciate your assistance. A. Every little helps B. The more, the better C. It’s better to give than to receive D. No one is perfect 22. Many students listened to the lecture, but I wondered how much they ______. A. took out B. took up C. took off D. took in 第 2页 共 13页 23. ----- I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn’t you drive him there? ----- I ______. But my car ______. A. would; was fixed B. would have; was fixed C. would have; was being fixed D. did; was being fixed 24. It’s not only how much we eat but also how we prepare them decides the vitamins entering our body. A. which B. who C. what D. that 25. While our city tries impatiently to change its appearance by tearing down old buildings, more and more citizens are suggesting ways to _______ the historically important architecture. A. decorate B. develop C. preserve D. reserve 26. As is known to all, ( A. that; which B. what; that C. what; which D. that; what 27. The newly married couple decided to give up their honeymoon trip _______ a sound economic base. A. for fear of B. for lack of C. in favor of D. in place of 28. ______, the players began the game. A. Having taken our seats B. Taking our seats C. Being taken the seats D. After we had taken our seats 29. Based on the agreement, all payments _____ be made by the end of the month. A. shall B. may C. can D. will 30. ----Why are so many northern Chinese visiting Southeast Asia countries recently? ----They are trying to get a ________ shelter from the cold weather in winter. A. magic B. reliable C. permanent D. temporary 31. News from South Africa, _______ African country, dominates _______ screen these days because of the death of Nelson Mandela. A. an; a B. an; the C. 不填; the D. the; a 32. ______ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about. A. To look B. Looking C. Having looked D. Look 33. Do you have such an annoying colleague who plays the PC music _______ he were the only one working in the office? A. even if B. as if C. only if D. now that 34. Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary _________ from them to help rebuild the economy. A. commitment B. appointment C. instrument D. requirement 35. How long do you think ______ the computer company brings out a new product? A. it will be before B. will it be until C. will it be when D. it will be that 第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 36,55 各题所给的四个选项(A、 B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 What happened to that brilliant idea that you once had? Did you it because you thought that it was just a little thought? Have you ever what that little thought would have become if you had acted on your instincts (直觉) if you had paid more attention to it? Imagine a 第 3页 共 13页 suddenly a light is on in the dark tunnel of your mind as a thought or an idea crosses your mind. The thought your attention but seems so meaningless and you are tempted to it, but wait a minute! That thought could be the potential beginning of the you have so mush wished for. As the thought crosses your mind, your senses become alert and you suddenly see a possibility, a solution, or find the answer to a problem whose solution has escaped you. It is almost as if a wise man has the perfect solution into your ear or awakened your senses to a reality, thereby bringing light to your life. It is like finding the piece of jigsaw puzzle (拼图游戏). This becomes an amazing moment and everything freezes around you as you excitedly try to grasp the practicality of that but powerful thought. Your self-confidence and enthusiasm increase as you become of the great possibilities that can if that little thought is acted upon. This becomes the moment to build upon that thought and to put any ideas that are streaming from that little thought meaningless little thought or ideas when acted have a potential to explode into great projects. Many successful projects have been from the little positive thoughts that were carefully protected and recognized as bricks to great things. Don't waste a(n) to act on a potentially brilliant idea. You don't have to wait for a major idea, or approval from your peers in order for you to act on that little thought. That little thought or idea is the of great things if you decide to follow it through. 36. A. hate B. like C. ignore D. value 37. A. considered B. remembered C. complained D. discovered 38. A. but B. or C. and D. nor 39. A. condition B. sight C. scene D. view 40. A. turned B. worked C. taken D. moved 41. A. puts B. catches C. causes D. pulls 42. A. adore B. abandon C. account D. adopt 43. A. wealth B. success C. dream D. reality 44. A. highly B. fast C. hardly D. long 45. A. whispered B. shouted C. talked D. laughed 46. A. best B. first C. last D. exact 47. A. little B. good C. strong D. weak 48. A. capable B. conscious C. proud D. typical 49. A. arise B. cause C. attain D. prove 50. A. off B. out C. up D. down 51. A. Fortunately B. Seemingly C. Obviously D. Deliberately 52. A. by B. in C. upon D. to 53. A. grown B. done C. born D. torn 54. A. opportunity B. possibility C. minute D. moment 55. A. center B. beginning C. result D. sign 第三部分:阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选 项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 (A) As shocking as the idea of baby birds growing up in a cigarette- filled home sounds, a new 第 4页 共 13页 study suggests that some birds may benefit from putting the stuff from cigarette butts (烟蒂) into their nests. The nicotine remaining in smoked filters (滤嘴) may serve as a natural insecticide (杀虫剂), driving harmful insects away from the nests and the baby birds living within. Tobacco The butts are undoubtedly smelly. But birds are actually quite fond of smelly chemicals, such as those found in aromatic (芳香的) plants. Some nest-building species regularly fill their nests with fresh aromatics, possibly because the chemicals are good for the immune system or the development of the chicks. Alternatively, the plant chemicals might act as insecticides. In the study, researchers at the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala in Mexico set up heat traps, which attract harmful insects, in 55 nests around Mexico City. Some traps were lined with the stuff in smoked cigarette filters. The others were lined with the stuff from unsmoked cigarette chicks or nothing, the unsmoked cigarette traps collected more harmful insects, suggesting that it is the chemicals that drove harmful insects away. In a second experiment, the researchers collected 28 house sparrow nests and 29 house finch (朱雀) nests from Mexico City immediately after the chicks flew out for food. They found that the more smoked filter stuff filled a nest, the fewer harmful insects it had. The missing piece of the puzzle is whether the reduced number of harmful insects in the nests actually provided any benefit to the chicks. It is also unclear if nicotine or another chemical found in cigarettes may have turned the harmful insects out of the nests. If the results hold, then this study is an example of wildlife adaptation to urbanization – or at least evidence that birds are smart and can still follow their noses in urban environments. 56. What may be the function of nicotine in cigarette butts for birds? A. To provide building materials for bird nests. B. To drive harmful insects away from bird nests. C. To protect the plants from being eaten by insects. D. To attract baby birds to stay in the nests. 57. What is the first experiment aimed at? A. Proving that heat traps attract harmful insects in Mexico City. B. Comparing smoked cigarette filters with unsmoked ones. C. Analyzing what is produced from smoked cigarette filters. D. Studying what it is that drives harmful insects away. 58. What can you infer from the passage? A. Birds tend to use insecticide to protect the baby birds. B. Nicotine is the only chemical that drives harmful insects away. C. Some insects are afraid of smelly chemicals in aromatic plants. D. Unsmoked cigarette traps attract more harmful insects. 59. Where could you possibly see the passage? A. In a science report B. In an urbanization essay C. In a tobacco advertisement D. In an anti-smoking brochure (B) Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your health. This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased. Apple, for example, doesn’t want iPhones to come 第 5页 共 13页 closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerry’s manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters. If health issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion(万亿)minutes annually - earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers. Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, ―Disconnect.‖ The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled. Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population. ―Most cancers have multiple causes,‖ she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer. Children are more vulnerable(易受伤的)to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid(易吸收 的液体). No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says. Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains. Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen(腹部). 60. According to Ms Davis, brain cancer increase ____. A. among children B. among old people C. in the twenties D. among pregnant women 61. Why do children easily be affected by radiation? A. Because they haven’t grown up. B. Because they are too young to protect themselves. C. Because they use cell phones more often than adults. D. Because their skulls are thinner and their brains are easily hurt. 62. What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. Pregnant women should keep cell phones away. B. People should use cell phones in the correct way. C. If you are a child, you’d better text than make phone calls. D. When you use a cell phone, use a wired headset or the phone’s speaker. 63. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA in their brains. B. Don’t hold your cell phone against your ear. C. Be careful when using cell phones. 第 6页 共 13页 D. Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer. (C) What would you think if someone suggested knocking down St Paul’s Cathedral to widen the road? Or pulling down Big Ben to make way for a car park? It would be ridiculous, right? But when it comes to devastation (毁灭) of the natural world, we aren’t so easily shocked. But we should be…or we’ll be in a lot of trouble. Ancient forests are destroyed. Wetlands are becoming dry. Woodland is disappearing, and all in the name of progress. This is bad in itself, but it’s devastating for biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants, animals and other living things that are all interconnected. The ecological services provided by biodiversity are vital to everyday life. The air we breathe is a product of photosynthesis (光合作用) by green plants. Insects, worms and bacteria break down waste and make soils rich. And tiny organisms clean the water in rivers and sea. In fact, all life on the earth exists thanks to the benefits of biodiversity. More than 90 percent of the calories consumed by people worldwide are produced from 80 plant species. And 30 percent of medicines are developed from plants and animals. Maintaining a wide diversity of species in each ecosystem is necessary to preserve all living things. The loss of biodiversity could be devastating. ―It is wrong to think that biodiversity can be reduced indefinitely without threatening humans,‖ said Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson, known as the ―father of biodiversity‖. He warned, ―We are about to reach a critical point beyond which biodiversity loss will become irreversible (不可挽回的).‖ But what can we do? The present problem is that the concept of biodiversity is so vague (含糊的). People might care about giant pandas, but it is much harder to excite them about the fate of tiny sea creatures which are being boiled to death in the cooling systems of power stations along coastlines. The Guardian newspaper is trying to help. has launched the Biodiversity 100 campaign to try to convince governments around the world to take action to deal with the widespread concerns about biodiversity. This includes persuading the UK government to create a series of marine reserves to reserve the decrease in the sea-life caused by industrial fishing, stopping fishing sharks by the Japanese fishermen and banning the killing of dingoes (wild dogs) in Australia, among many other things. There is a lot to do. And we’d better act quickly if we don’t want to end up with a planet that can’t sustain life! 64. The writer thinks it ________ to pull down Big Ben to make way for a car park. A. unreasonable B. necessary C. difficult D. reasonable 65. The underlined sentence ―.‖ means that ________. A. nature is badly polluted by humans B. species are becoming fewer and fewer day by day C. rainforests are being cut down every day D. nature is full of mysteries 66. Edward O. Wilson thinks that ________. A. it doesn’t matter to reduce biodiversity B. people have done enough to preserve biodiversity C. the situation of biodiversity is very serious 第 7页 共 13页 D. biodiversity loss has become irreversible 67. When it comes to biodiversity, the present problem is that ________. A. people don’t realize that biodiversity is vital to everyday life B. people are not aware that giant pandas are endangered C. people might not clearly know what is biodiversity and what should be protected D. people hunt sea creatures for food (D) I was puzzled! Why was this old woman making such a fuss about an old copse (灌木林) which was of no use to anybody? She had written letters to the local paper, even to a national, protesting about a projected by-pass to her village, and, looking at a map, the route was nowhere near where she lived and it wasn't as if the area was attractive. I was more than puzzled, I was intrigued. The enquiry into the route of the new by-pass to the village was due to take place shortly, and I wanted to know what it was that motivated her. So it was that I found myself knocking on a cottage door, being received by Mary Smith and then being taken for a walk to the woods. "I've always loved this place," she said, "it has a lot of memories for me, and for others. We all used it. They called it 'Lovers lane'. It's not much of a lane, and it doesn't go anywhere important, but that's why we all came here. To be away from people, to be by ourselves," she added. It was indeed pleasant that day and the songs of many birds could be heard. Squirrels gazed from the branches, quite bold in their movements, obviously few people passed this way and they had nothing to fear. I could imagine the noise of vehicles passing through these peaceful woods opinions about the needs of the community over-riding the opinions of private individuals, I said nothing. The village was quite a dangerous place because of the traffic especially for old people and children, their safety was more important to me than an old woman's strange ideas. "Take this tree," she said pausing after a short while. "To you it is just that, a tree. Not unlike many others here." She gently touched the bark. "Look here, under this branch, what can you see?" "It looks as if someone has done a bit of carving with a knife," I said after a cursory inspection. "Yes, that's what it is!" she said softly. She went on, "He had a penknife with a spike for getting stones from a horse's hoof, and I helped him to carve my initials. We were very much in love, but he was going away, and could not tell me what he was involved in the army. I had guessed of course. It was the last evening we ever spent together，because he went away the next day, back to his Unit." Mary Smith was quiet for a while, then she sobbed. "His mother showed me the telegram. 'Sergeant R Holmes ... Killed in action in the invasion of France.' "'I had hoped that you and Robin would one day get married,' she said, 'He was my only child, and I would have loved to be a Granny, they would have been such lovely babies' - she was like that! "Two years later she too was dead. 'Pneumonia(肺炎), following a chill on the chest' was what the doctor said, but I think it was an old fashioned broken heart. A child would have helped both 第 8页 共 13页 of us." There was a further pause. Mary Smith gently caressed the wounded tree, just as she would have caressed him. "And now they want to take our tree away from me." Another quiet sob, then she turned to me. "I was young and pretty then, I could have had anybody, I wasn't always the old woman you see here now. I had everything I wanted in life, a lovely man, health and a future to look forwards to." She paused again and looked around. The breeze gently moved through the leaves with a sighing sound. "There were others, of course, but not a patch on my Robin!" she said strongly. "And now I have nothing - except the memories this tree holds. If only I could get my hands on that awful man who writes in the paper about the value of the road they are going to build where we are standing now, I would tell him. Has he never loved, has he never lived, does he not know anything about memories? We were not the only ones, you know, I still meet some who came here as Robin and I did. Yes, I would tell him!" I turned away, sick at heart. 68. The main purpose of this passage is to ______________. A. draw attention to the damage that wars cause. B. persuade people to give up private interest. C. arouse the awareness of being environmentally friendly. D. introduce a touching but sad love story. 69. The underlined sentence ―I felt that she probably had something there‖ means ___________. A. I thought there might be something hidden in the woods by Mary Smith. B. I guessed there might be a story related with Mary Smith. C. I thought there might be some reason for Mary Smith’s protest. D. I guessed there might be a secret purpose of Mary Smith. 70. What was probably the carving on the wounded tree? A. Their wish that this place and tree would last long. B. The date when Robin Holmes would leave for army. C. Their protest against the war which tore them apart. D. Their names and a heart with a sign of arrow through it. 第四部分 任务型阅读(共10个小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在图表的空格里填上最恰当的单词 (每空一词)。 We live in a noisy world. Young and old alike are troubled by sounds over which we may have little or no control: car and house alarms, motorcycles, loudspeakers, even movie previews. We attend rock concerts, weddings, parties and sports events at which the music is so loud you can hardly hear the person sitting next to you. At home, televisions, stereos and computer games are often turned up so loud that listeners cannot hear a doorbell or a telephone. As if environmental noise were not enough, now we surround children with noisy toys and personal listening devices that can permanently damage their hearing. A series of studies conducted in 2002 indicated that even moderate(缓和的)background noise can interfere with how they learn language. In fact, children in classrooms on the noisy side of a school had lower reading scores than those whose classes were on the quiet side. Noise-induced(噪音诱发的) hearing loss can come about in two ways: from a brief exposure to a very loud noise or from consistent(不断的) exposure to moderate-level noise. Thus, there is much concern about the lasting effects of MP3 players that are turned up loud enough to block out 第 9页 共 13页 surrounding sound, like street noise. An MP3 player at maximum volume produces about 105 decibels(分贝) — 100 times as severe as 85 decibels, where hearing damage begins. So, before buying noisemaking toys, parents would do well to listen to how loud they are. If the item comes with a volume control, monitor its use to make sure it is kept near the lowest level. Consider returning gifts that make loud noises, or disable the noise-making function. Children who play computer games and stereo equipment should be warned to keep the volume down. Most iPods have a control that allows parents to set a maximum volume. Don’t take children to loud action movies. If you do go and the sound seems deafening, ask the management to turn down the volume or insist on your money back. The League for the Hard of Hearing urges parents to encourage children to take part in quiet activities, like reading, doing puzzles, making things with construction toys, playing educational computer games, drawing and painting, and visiting libraries and museums. Noise and Children’s hearing We, 71______the young, live in a noisy world Two 74________ of hearing loss 77________ for parents over 72._______ noise *Being exposed to a very loud noise *Make sure of 78_____ of the volume of the toy. *Noisy toys 73_________ children’s hearing *Consistent exposure to 76_____ noise to loud action movies *Encourage kids 80________ in quiet activities. 第 10页 共 13页 第五部分 单词拼写(共10个小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分) 根据中文或首字母写出合适的单词。 81.He advocates a cause _________ (值得)of support, though difficult to carry out. 82.The headmaster and all the _________(全体员工) will be present at the end-of-term ceremony. 83. When Peter arrived in Shanghai, it took him half an hour to get through the ________(海关). 84. Poor health and lack of money may both be _________ (障碍) to educational progress. 85. My parents expect too much of me, which ______(冲突) with my understanding of future life. 86. We held a party in c___________ of my parents’ silver wedding. 87. Bill gates, an o__________ businessman, has contributed much of his possessions to charities. 88. A s__________ person is one who is easily hurt or offended by things that others do or say. 89. Anyone who has certain certificates can apply for the v_________ position in the office. 90. In order to a_________ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in a foreign school. 第六部分 书面表达(满分20分) 江苏省南通中学高二英语期末试卷答卷 第四部分(任务型阅读 (共10个小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 71. 第 11页 共 13页 ___ 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 第五部分:单词拼写 (共10个小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分) 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 第六部分:书面表达 (满分20分) 第 12页 共 13页 参考答案: 听力:1-5.BCAAC 6-10. ACBAC 11-15. BBAAB 16-20. CBBCA 单选:21-25. ADCDC 26-30. DBDAD 31-35. BDBAA 完型:36-40 CABCA 41-45 BBBDA 46-50 CABAD 51-55 BCCAB 阅读:A: BDCA B: CDBC C: ABCC D: DCD 任务型阅读: 71.including 72.environmental 73. damaging 74.causes 75.briefly 76.moderate-level 77.Advice/Suggestions 78.safety 79.Avoid 80. Participate/join 单词拼写:81. worthy 82. staff 83. customs 84.barriers 85. conflicts 86. celebration 87. outstanding 88. sensitive 89. vacant 90. acquire 书面表达 One possible version: recent years, there have been large numbers of volunteers devoting their time and effort to people in need. The picture shows us a touching moment when two volunteers help a disabled man in a wheelchair. Realizing it would be impossible for the man to get to the top all by himself, the volunteers carry the wheelchair with difficulty step by step up the stairs. This picture reminds me of many volunteers in my school, my community and our country, helping not just the disabled, but also those who can’t find their way around, or those who suffer from misfortune. Volunteers make a difference to these people when they bring them warmth, comfort and relief. I would be happy to be a volunteer, too, and help the senior citizens in the House for the Aged regularly so that they will not feel lonely but enjoy their life to the full. 第 13页 共 13页