英语标点符号
在这个部分,我会分成6个小节来分析标点符号的使用问题,大家可以根据自己的不同情况有选择的阅读.
句点(Full Stop / Period,―.‖)
问号(Question Mark,―,‖)
感叹号(Exclamation Mark,―!‖)
逗点(Comma,―,‖)
冒号(Colon,―:‖)
分号(Semicolon,―;‖)
连字符(Hyphen,―-‖)
连接号(En Dash,―–‖)
破折号(Em Dash,―—‖)
括号(Parentheses,小括号―( )‖;中括号―[]‖;大括号―{}‖)
引号(Quotation Marks,双引号―"‖;单引号―?‖)
缩写及所有格符号(Apostrophe,―?‖)
英语标点符号的用法很麻烦,我给大家找了点资料希望大家喜欢,对朋友有帮助
一、.句点
1.句点用于当一句话完全结束时。
2.句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写,如 Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。但要注意的是当缩写的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如 IBM, DNA 等。
二、,问号
问号要用在一个直接的问句,而不是间接的。
如 How will you solve the problem, 是正确的用法,但用在 I wonder how you
will solve the problem,就不对了,应该使用句点而不是问号。
另外,在客气的用语中,也是用句点而不是问号.
如 Will you please give me a call
tomorrow.
三、! 感叹号
感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中,在商业写作中要注意感叹号的应用,因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。
四、;分号
1.与中文一样,分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。在某些情况下,使用分号比使
用句点更显出子句之间的紧密联系,另外分
号也经常与连接副词 thus, however,
therefore一起使用(放在这些词语之前)。如 I
realize I need exercise; however, I‘ll lie down
first to think about it.
2.在句子中如果已经使用过逗点,为了
避免歧义的产生,就用分号来分隔相似的内
容。如 The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee.
需要注意的是:一个完整的句子以大写
字母开始,以句点结束。写英文时用逗点代
替句点、分号、冒号或破折号叫―逗号错‖,
这正是中国学生所要避免的。请比较下列例
句:
误:It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
(注意:上面句子中划横线的部分是两
个不同的主语,而且逗点前后的句子是完整
的-----单独拿出来都能代表一个完整的意
思。因此,用逗号违反了英文
,即一个
句子只能有一套主干。)
正:It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.
It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.
It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.
They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard.
It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.
As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
误:The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.
正:The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.
The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea.
五、:冒号
1.冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释,
如 This is her plan: go shopping.
2.冒号用于名单之前,特别是一个竖排
的名单。
We transferred three employees to new
branches:
Tony Wang to New York City
Mike Jackson to Tokyo
Mark Foster to Paris
当名单横排的时候,冒号要用在一个完
整的句子之后,如 We need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a
professor.
3.冒号用于一个正式的引用之前。如
The professor said: ―It was horrible.‖
4.冒号也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓
后面,如 Dear Mr. Lee:(美国英语中,信件
或演说词的称呼语之后用冒号,而在英国英
语中多用逗号。)
5.冒号用于数字时间的表示,如16:45
或 4:45 p.m.
6.冒号用于主标题和副标题之间,如
Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data
六、,逗点
1.逗点用于分隔一系列的简单内容,如
I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen.
2.逗点用于修饰名词的多个形容词之
间,如 a small, fancy bike
3.逗点用于连接两个较长的独立子句,
而且每个句子的主语不同,如 The Grizzlies
were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired.
4.逗点用于关联的子句之间,如 Since
he‘s your younger brother, please take care of him.
5.逗点用于一个较长的修饰短语之后,
如 In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze.
6.逗点用于直接引用的句子之前,如
Mary said, ―Let‘s go fishing.‖(注意:这里说
的和上面提及的冒号在直接引语中的使用
不一样。如果是引用比较正式的发言讲话就
要用冒号,一般情况下就用逗点。)
如果句中含有间接引用就不需要逗点,
如 Mary said we should go fishing.
在反问句之前要使用逗点,如 :
He worked very hard, didn‘t he,
以上是比较常用的标点,下面列出一些
次常用的标点:
七、连字号Hyphen( -)
1.连字号主要用于某些前缀(如:
self-,ex-和all-) 后和构成复合词。如:
ex-husband(前夫),brand-new(全新
的),poorly-dressed(衣着破烂的)
I have forty-thousand or fifty-thousand
dollars.
I want to obtain the whole-year or
half-year lease of the apartment.
当两个或两个以上复合词并用, 而各复
合词连字号后的部分相同时, 各复合词的相
同部分只出现一次,应改为the whole-or half-year lease.
八、圆括弧Parenthesis( ( ) )
1(标出表顺序的数字和字母(如: (1) 、
(2) 等)
2(用来表示其中插入的或附加的解释
成分。这个插入成分可以是单词、词组或句
子(但要注意,括号会削弱强调作用,因此,如
果要强调插入的句子成份,则要用破折号。
They might take a walk
together(remember feet) and see the neighborhood with fresh , new eyes.
九、引号Quotation Marks
引号分单引号(single quotation marks) 和双引号(double quotation marks) 。单引号
只用在一个直接引语中所含有的另一个直
接引语上。
1( 表示直接引语。当直接引语超过四
行或多于40 个字词时, 一般不用引号而改
用黑体字以便与文章的其它部分界线清晰
―Well, ‖the foreigner said to him ,― you
look like an engineer. ‖
句号和逗号必须置于引号(双引号和单
引号) 之内。
He told the gunman ,―I refuse to do that ‖;his knees , however , were shaking even as he said those words.
She called this schedule of activities her ―load ‖:work , study , exercise , recreation , and sleep.
冒号与分号必置于引号外。
The teacher asked , ―Could you understand
me‖,
Did the teacher ask ,―Have they gone‖,
Did the teacher ask ,―They have
gone ,‖
The frightened girl screamed ,―Help‖!
The fellow only said ,―Sorry !‖
He interrupted me , ―Now , listen‖——and went on saying.
问号、感叹号和破折号有时置于引号之
内, 有时置于外号之外。如果所引内容本身
是疑问句或感叹句或带有破折号, 问号、感
叹号或破折号一般放在引号之内。否则,放在
引号之外。
2. 标明短篇出版物的标题, 诸如杂志、
报纸上的文章、短诗、短篇故事和整部书的
某一章节。
Have you read―The Old Man and the
Sea‖,
Chapter three is entitled―The Internet . ‖
3.表示所用的词语具有特殊意义。另外,
当俚语出现在较正式的文章中, 也用引号引
起来, 以表示文风的有意转变。
The report contained the―facts‖of the case.
The speaker owns a―fat farm‖in California , which slims down rich overeaters for ,2 , 500 a week.
4. 用于表示引起读者注意的词语, 或
读者不熟悉的特殊词语。
It is customary to say―Youpre welcome‖ whenever anyone says―Thank you. ‖
―SOS‖is a message for help from a ship or aircraft when in danger.
十、省略号Ell ipsis(...)
此省略号无论出现在句首、句中、还是
句尾,都是表示单词的省略。
1. 表示直接引语中的省略
Max wrote ,―...in one word ,manps consciousness , changes with every change in the conditions of his material existence....‖
句后的省略号和句号的写法应是在一
条直线上的四个黑点。前三个黑点表示省略
号,后一个黑点表句号。
2. 表示说话中的犹豫或迟疑
―If that the way you think...just go back
to school ,‖he said.
3. 表示段落或整行词句的省略, 须使用一整行黑点。
十一、撇号或省字号Apostrophe(‘)
1.构成名词所有格
rest my son‘ s
a moment‘s books
A three weeks‘pay
2.表示词、字母、数码、符号等的复数形式
Don‘t use so many ands in the sentence.
How many 5s have you got,
这与一般单词的复数形式不同, 正规的写法须在s 前加― ‘ ‖, 要牢记规则。
3.除表动词的紧缩形式外, 还表一个或几个字母和数字的省略。
I‘ve got it. ―Yes ,ma‘ am ,‖the waiter said.
注意:有相当大一部分省略词是口语中的用法,不宜出现在书面语中。例如:I‘d like
to(在书面语中要写作I would like to)