修行要这样修-三殊胜

修行要这样修-三殊胜 三殊胜——行善修心的究竟方法 慈诚罗珠堪布开示 一、基础修法的必要性 今天讲三殊胜的修法。虽然三殊胜的修法，是最基础的入门修法，但可能对于许多人来说，却是前所未闻的。这个修法说起来容易，做到却很困难，恐怕有些学佛很久的人也未能做到。但是，在了解佛经的思想、意趣之后，我们就应该尽量依照佛所讲的方法去实施，这样才会有进步和收效。 很多人在刚开始学佛时进步很快，但经过一段时间以后，便速度减缓，甚至停滞不前了，这种情况非常普遍。其主要原因就是缺少系统的修法。要解决这些问，应该怎样做呢, 首先，我们要了解基础的修法，并且加以重视。如果没有加行基础，就妄想一步登天去修学高深之法——大圆满、大手印等等，最终必然会因根基不成熟而一事无成。所以，应当从最基础的法修起，这样才会有所收获。 佛经中讲，修行人可分为上、中、下三个层次。上等修行人一天比一天好，每天都会有收获;中等修行人进步虽然略逊一筹，但每个月都会有新的突破;下等修行人至少也是一年比一年好，一年比一年有进步。 我们回过头来反躬自问，自己究竟是属于哪一种修行人呢,今年能否比去年有所进步呢,如果连这点都不能做到，我们就不属于上、中、下三种层次之列，但除此之外，又没有第四种修行人。这就只能证明，虽然我们自诩为修行人，却根本不配修行人的称号。 我见到过一些皈依多年的居士，漫长的时间已经过去了，但他们还没有修完最基础的法。这种情况很糟糕，很令人失望。原因何在,主要就是因为没有动力，所以在修行上才会蜗行牛步，甚至打退堂鼓。 佛经言:“人身难得、寿命无常”。你们中的绝大多数人都已经跨入了三、四十岁的行列，以后的时间也不会很长，人生几十年转瞬即逝，如果这一世没有抓住机会修行，下一世就更难把握了。所以，必须要打下一定的基础，为下一世创造一个良好的开端。 我们对这一世的最低要求，是要进入大乘菩萨的资粮道，这是向修行旅途启程所必须迈出的第一步。步入大乘资粮道的首要条件是什么呢,就是要有不造作的菩提心。提起菩提心，想必在座的诸位都知道其含义，也许很多人还能将菩提心的具体修法说得井井有条，但到底有多少人能真正做到，这就难打包票了。 我们必须清醒地认识到，如果今生没有走出第一步，下一世想再获得人身，都难上其难，继续修行的机会就更是微乎其微。所以，我们一定要把握住当下，如果今生能迈出这一步，即使修行的境界不是很高，也会为来世打下良好的基础。菩提心本身所具有的加持力，就能让我们拥有继续修行的机缘。这样，无论下一世投生到何等环境、何等人群当中，天生就会具有与众不同的个性，成为具足慈悲菩提心的人，这一点是毫无疑问的。所以，第一步非常重要。 当我们在身体上未遭遇任何疾病折磨、生活上没有任何艰难困苦时，就会觉得这个世界很不错，就不会为无常的来临做任何思想上的准备，行动上的努力，整天处于闲散放逸之中。一旦碰到意外、痛苦，就手忙脚乱、六神无主，想临时抱佛脚进行补救，已为时晚矣。 很多人认为，年老时如果没有钱，又没有儿女照顾，生活就会没有保障，所以都拼命地为钱而奔波。他们为今后的生活做好了充分的准备，却丝毫没有考虑到后世。死亡与投生，是每一个人都必须经历的过程。世俗人对此不做任何准备的做法，是非常可怕的。 还有一些人虽然也在修法，但其发心却是希望借佛菩萨的加持、保佑，使自己能够健康、发财„„。当然，在没有遇到其它违缘的情况下，祈祷佛菩萨肯定可以达到一定的目的。但这些追求世间圆满(健康、长寿、发财等等)的短暂目标，却不应该是修行人的选择。 现实是无情的～从古至今，没有一人能够推翻前后世的存在，这是每个人都要面临的事实。如果平时毫无准备，等到大难临头之时，再着急也没用。所以，作为修行人，必须具有未雨绸缪的远见卓识，一定要走上自他解脱的光明大道，在目前身心各方面都自由自在之时，一定要抓住机会去修行，以精勤的修持来迎接无常的光临，千万不要让自己落到悔恨交加的田地。 以上简单介绍了修法的必要性，下面开始转入正题: 二、三殊胜修法 (一)名义及重要性 此修法名为“三殊胜”，以前我译作“三要点”。为什么称做三要点呢,就是为了引起学人的重视。凡是学佛、修行的人，都必须做到这三件事，因为十分重要，所以翻译为三要点。由藏文直译，则叫做三殊胜。 弥勒菩萨的《经庄严论》里讲了七种殊胜。菩萨行持布施、持戒、忍辱等六度时，每一度都应具足这七殊胜。这七殊胜又可归纳为三种。我们做一切善事(如打坐、烧香、磕头等)时，都应具足这三殊胜。如果能具足这三种 殊胜(或三要点)，哪怕是在佛像前供一盏灯、磕一个头的小小善根，也都是成就之因。如果离开这三殊胜，即使从外表上做再多再好的善事，也不能成为解脱之道、成佛之因。 什么是三殊胜呢,第一是动机殊胜;第二是无缘殊胜;第三是回向殊胜。 第一、动机殊胜。在每次做善事之前，肯定会有目的，没有任何目的的行善、修法是很少的。如果在行善时，具备殊胜的动机，就能起到事半功倍之效; 第二、无缘殊胜。是指在修行时所要达到的一种境界。如果能达到这种境界，则无论做任何善事，比如打坐或者放生，都能成为非常殊胜的善行; 第三、回向殊胜。行善修法结束后，还应当如理如法地回向。在打坐、放生时，就已经成就了很好的善业，将此善业用于何处，是很关键的问题。是用于解脱,还是用于健康长寿,或是用于下一世的人天果报,这是自己可以选择的，这种目的性的选择，就叫回向。 无论作任何善事，都不能离开这三种殊胜。一旦脱离了这三个关键问题，则不管所做的善事从外表上看有多么的了不起，实际上也是不好的。所以，弄清这三个殊胜并付诸实施至关重要。 (二)具体修法 1、 动机殊胜 行善时每个人的情况不同，因而所希求的目标(动机)也千差万别。所有这些动机，可以归纳为三种:不善、无记和善。 (1)不善的动机。现在，在信佛、学佛的人当中普遍存在的行善、修法动机往往都是不善的。何为不善动机呢,凡是仅考虑今生的快乐、仅为今世生活打算的动机，如为健康、长寿、发财、避免魔障及痛苦等等而行善，都称为不善动机。为了达到这些目的而修法，则无论所修的法有多么高深，也只能成为世间法。这样的修法除了能使这一生健康，长寿，发财，避免魔障、痛苦等等之外，没有其它的善报。 例如，如果人们是为了消除这一世的病痛、魔障而修习大圆满法，则大圆满也是世间法。大圆满法为何成了世间法呢,大圆满法本身不是世间法，但因为我们的动机，是为了达到世间的目的，这就使它成为世间法了。这样的动机就称为不善的动机。 有人不禁会生起疑惑:这些人是在行善、修法，并非想杀人、偷盗，为何要用“不善”二字呢,那是因为，虽然仅仅为了今生的健康长寿等而修行，也有可能达到目的，但在达到健康长寿的目的以后，又能怎样呢,也许，在健康无病之时，会造更多的业，从而导致更多痛苦。这种动机本身虽然不是罪恶，但因为毕竟是有漏之法，不但无法离开痛苦，而且会引发众多苦痛，所以，此动机称为不善。 我们听闻这些修法，不是为了茶余饭后的闲聊，也不能当成一种文化、学问来研究，而是要运用于日常生活的处事待人之中。 具体如何运用呢,我们可以打一个比方，《大乘阿毗达磨论》中讲过:有三个人一起吃饭，其中一人想，吃完饭后我要去偷盗、杀生„„;另一人想，吃完饭后我要去放生、磕头„„;第三人只是为填饱肚子，吃饭以后没有什么打算。同样是吃一顿饭，因为三个人各自的不同目的，同样的“吃饭”，就变成了三种不同的业。其中，吃完饭后打算杀生、偷盗的人，他的“吃饭”就是造罪;吃饭是为了有体力去磕头或做其它善事的人，他的“吃饭”就变成善业，将来肯定会获得善果;只想填饱肚子的人，他的“吃饭”就成了既非善、亦非恶的无记业，是一种很平常的生活，也就不会有特殊的善恶果报。这三个人在吃饭时，虽然既没有去造恶，也没有去行善，但由于动机不，“吃饭”的结果就有三种差别。所以，动机至关重要。 同 如前所讲，如果目的是为了健康长寿等等，就是不善动机。因为动机是不善的，所以在此前提下所做的一切，无论是打坐、念经，都是世间法，与解脱没有任何关系。华智仁波切讲过，在不具备出离心和菩提心的基础上，即使闭关九年，断绝与任何人的来往而修大圆满，连解脱的种子都不能播下。如果在心田中竟然不曾播下解脱的种子，那成就就更谈不上了。没有出离心和菩提心就是这么可怕——即使修大圆满法都不能播下解脱的种子，修其它的法就更不用说了。所以，千万不能轻视对动机的选择。 凡是为获得这一世的幸福，或者为遣除这一生的痛苦而修法，这样的动机都是不善的。虽然这样的行善比不信佛、不行善要好得多，但却与解脱毫无关系。因此，对于希求解脱的修行人而言，绝不能有这样的目的。经书里讲过，这种动机是需要断除的。所以，我们在每次行善的时候，首先要观察自己的动机。比如，心里突然冒出一个念头，我要去磕头(或我要去放生)，这时就要问一问自己，我为什么要磕头(放生)呢,如果发现自己的动机是错误的，就必须及时纠正。 (2)无记的动机。无记是指没有善恶的记录，既非善，亦非恶。例如，一个人去放生，邀请他的朋友同往。他的朋友并不了解放生的功德利益，只是应邀同去放生，心里没有任何目的。放生结束后，受邀同去者的所做之业就称为无记。也许有人会提出疑问，他不是同样也解救了生命吗,为何是无记呢,因为，他虽然与大家在行为上毫无二致，但是他的内心却没有这种概念，所以，他的所做就是无记的。类似这样的概念，在世间也存在。例如，如果故意杀人，就犯了重罪;但如果是无意中杀了人，则所犯的罪就没有那么严重。在这一点上，世间法与佛法是一致的。 经书上讲，如果我们发现自己的动机是无记的，就需要改善，而不是断除它。因为无记与善比较接近，而不善与善却有着天壤之别，所以前者可以改善，后者只能断除。平时我们在修行、打坐之前，一定要认真观察，如果发现动机是无记的，就必须改善它。因为在此前提下所作的一切，都不能成为解脱法，与解脱毫无关系。以无记动机所造的善业虽然有些世间善报，但却很微弱。 (3)善的动机。这是三种动机中最上乘的。但是，善的动机又可分为低、中、高三种层次:下士道、中士道、上士道。 第一是下士道，这种动机是三种善的动机中层次最低的。具有这种动机的人不是考虑解脱，而仅仅是为了下一世不堕地狱、饿鬼、旁生道，希望得到人、天的果报，为了来世能得到健康、长寿，获得有地位、有财产、有名誉的人身而去行善。这虽然是善，但仍与解脱没有关系，所以是最低层的。 有人会想不明白，前面讲追求健康、长寿的动机是不善的，而现在又讲这是善的，其原因何在呢,因为，前面的动机根本没有考虑后世，所有的目的都是为了今世，所以叫不善。而作为下士道发心的人，虽然没有追求解脱，但是也没有顾及今世，而是希求下一世的世间圆满，所以叫善。 但对希求解脱的人而言，也不能以此动机来行善。现在很多居士每天都在念佛、烧香、拜佛„„请你们扪心自问，自己的目的究竟是什么,是否是为这一世的健康、长寿,抑或是为下一世的健康、长寿、不堕地狱,如果是这样，则一切所作永远跟解脱无关。在这样的基础上修行，即或修一百年、一千年、甚至一万年，也绝不可能解脱。因为这些善业都不是解脱的因，此因成熟时，也不可能获得解脱的果。以这样的修法除了能使下一世健康、长寿、不堕地狱等等之外，没有其它善报。 因果是有一定法则的。譬如，大米的种子长出的必然是大米，而不可能是青稞。同样，如果所修持的不是解脱之法，又怎能得到解脱之果呢,很多人都认为:自己经常在念《金刚经》、《三十五佛忏悔文》、《普贤行愿品》、《心经》„„，就一定是学佛、修行的人。其实是不一定的，念这些经固然很好，佛也赞叹了念诵这些经文的功德。但是，动机是很重要的。动机不正，则一切都不正;动机若正，则做一切都是正确的。 在座的各位中，有些人学佛较早，有些人近两年才学佛。无论时间长短，我们都要回头看一看，学佛以来，自己行善的动机是什么,如果是前面所讲的动机，虽然会有善果，但与解脱却没有关系。现在如果能意识到这个问题，我们也有将已做善业变为解脱法。最行之有效的方法，就是发起菩提心。为什么呢,因为，虽然从刹那刹那生灭的角度来看，以前的所做所为已不存在了，但是，其种子的相续却已经留在我们的阿赖耶识里。一旦我们能生起出离心、菩提心，阿赖耶识中的相续就可以立即转变。以前所做的善业，也能因此而成为菩提之因。如果我们不去 改善，那么，它将永远是世间法，永远不能成为解脱之因，这实在太可惜了。 我们所讲的不能以上述动机行善，并非是指佛法不能令人得到世间利益，也不是指绝对不能将佛法用于世间法。比如皈依，无论怀有何种动机，皈依后都可以避免人与非人的违缘，可以清净许多罪业，也可以获得健康长寿，这是皈依本身所具有的功德。又如，平时遇到痛苦或困难时，祈祷上师三宝是很正常的，是作为学佛人所应该作的。我们并不排斥有时为健康等而行善，也不排斥间或为长寿、发财而做适当的法事。但是，如果将所有的修法，都用在追求世间圆满方面，那就不对了。只有解脱，才是我们修行的最终目标。 第二是中士道，即小乘声闻、缘觉的动机，也即不是为了追求世间圆满，不是考虑健康、长寿等而修行。因为这种发心的人，对世间圆满以及自身五蕴(肉身等)怀有恐慌厌离之心，极其渴望能早日摆脱五蕴的束缚。所以，他的行善修法不是为了追求世间圆满。但是，他也从未考虑过众生的解脱。那么，阿罗汉是否没有慈悲心呢,不，他有慈悲心，也认为众生非常可怜，但因为其慈悲心深度不够，所以没有勇气度众生，只是想解决自己的生、老、病、死。他们不愿发菩提心，为众生而修法。所以，这种动机是中等的。以这种修法除了能使自己获得解脱之外，没有其它的果报。 或许有人会认为:我是学大乘的、学净土的、学禅宗的、学密乘的，不是小乘修行人，小乘的法没有什么可修的，大乘的法才殊胜，密乘的法才了不起，并因此而沾沾自喜。但是，请大家仔细地观察一下自己的发心，也许我们会自惭形秽地发现，自己连小乘的修行人都不如。 佛教的一切分支都归纳于大乘和小乘当中，没有其他的第三乘。要作小乘的修行人，第一个条件就是必须要有坚定不移的出离心——非常讨厌世间圆满，并不遗余力地希求解脱。我们做到了吗,如果没有，就算不上是小乘的修行人。 而大乘的修行人，又必须具备百折不挠的菩提心，能无自私、无条件地付出，我们能作到吗,如果不能，则也算不上是大乘的修行人。 如果我们既不是大乘的修行人，也不是小乘的修行人，那么，从严格的意义上来讲，我们就根本不是佛教的修行人。那么，我们是什么呢,只是信仰佛教，信仰释迦牟尼佛，平时念念咒、做做善事，比不信佛的人稍强一筹的人而已。虽然我们听了很多法，灌了很多顶，拜见了很多高僧大德，却与解脱了无关系。当我们反观自省时，如果发现自己竟然不是佛教修行人，那是非常可怕的。 今天所讲的三个要点(或三个殊胜)，很多人以前也听闻过，但仅仅听闻是不够的，关键问题在于能否做到。若不能做到，我认为就没有必要听更多的法，先把听到的法落实到行为上，做到一个，再听下一个。就像在走路时， 如果能先看清眼前的十几米路，就可以稳稳当当地往前行进。如果始终寸步未行，那么，即使前面一百公里、一千公里的路况你都能了然于心，也是于事无补的。 所以，要做一名真正的佛教徒没有那么容易，但大家也不用因此而灰心失望。出离心、菩提心，是否只有神仙或天堂里的帝释、梵天才能做到呢,事实并非如此。发起出离心、菩提心，完全是人，而且是像我们这些末法时代的凡夫俗子所能够做到的。如果出离心和菩提心，是佛或者登地菩萨的专利，凡夫根本无法办到，则即使知道自己不是修行人也无济于事。但实际情况却不是这样，这些发心都是普通人力所能及的。所以，我们既不用太气馁，也不能太傲慢，而是要如实地衡量自己，对自己有一个正确，并时刻激励自己:“我必须努力改善、不断进步，决不再做名义上的修行人～”当我们知道自己什么也不是，并有了压力之后，才会努力去改善。只有踏踏实实地付诸于行动，我们才会成功。 不重视这些问题，是会走错路的。我想，有些人根本没有必要去听大圆满等高深之法。是否听闻这些法没有利益呢,不是，这样做也可以在心田里播下一些好的种子，也有闻法的功德，但除此之外，再没有其它好处。所以我认为，在基础不具备的情况下，仓促地去听这些法，并没有很大意义。当务之急，是调整动机。 当然，是否具有出离心、菩提心，只有自己心里明白。除非有他心通，否则，其他人即使通过算命、打卦，也是不可能了解的。所以，我们必须成为在监督自己方面不讲情面的纠察员。 第三是上士道，也就是大乘菩萨的发心，这是善的动机中难度最大的。以我的一己之见来看，能走上上士道的人很少很少。凡夫从无始至今，都对自己珍爱有加，一切所作所为，都是为自己打算，很少考虑别人。即使考虑，也是有条件的，从不会无条件地为他人着想。所以，想成就世间的事业并不是很难，而要生起无伪的菩提心，却并非易事。可是，一旦缺少这些根本，一切修行都不能成功。 因此，无论发菩提心如何艰难，我们也要向这个方面努力，要挑战自我，挑战自私心，并坚持不懈地与它作斗争。如果肯下功夫，我们最终必定是会胜利的。 以前因缺乏智慧，所有人都毫不顾忌地爱自己，为自己打算。但是，我们的自私心不但没有理由、没有根据，并且是我们获得最终安乐的大敌。关于这一点，在我们以前所学的世间文化里从没有提及，虽然有些人说过一些类似的话，但深度却远远不够。只有佛将这些真理告诉了我们，在依靠佛陀教言进行观察抉择之后，我们就会明白，以前为了自己所作的一切是何等错误～就能由此而发起菩提心。由此可见，菩提心是最关键的，也是善的动机中最殊胜的。 什么是菩提心呢,所谓菩提心，必须具备两个条件: 第一、要有决定度化众生的慈悲心。或许现在我们还没有多少能力，但能力是可以培养的。如果不修行，就会永远没有能力。如果肯努力修行，虽然目前能力不足，也无须为此担忧。 释迦牟尼佛也是从凡夫开始学道，从而获得成就的，并不是先天的佛。米拉日巴传记里也有记载，他的弟子曾说道:“您肯定是金刚手或某尊佛的化身。”米拉日巴当场就批评道:“你们这样讲，虽然是对我的恭敬，却是对法的极端诽谤。因为你们不相信佛法能将一个普通人，转变成一个象我这样的人。”所以，有没有能力不是问题，关键在于现在去做。 当然，偶尔生起一个“我要度众生”的念头并不是很难。在没有遭遇任何痛苦折磨、衣食无忧之时，也许会有这种想法。但是，在面临生死存亡之际，譬如要选择自己与他人当中二者必死其一之时，虽然我们羞于情面，不便说“要他死”，但肯定会说“我不要死”，这就是菩提心不够的标志。 第二、要有为度化众生而发誓成佛的决心。因为只有成佛，才是度化众生最究竟的手段。虽然度化众生需要各种各样的手段，但最迫切的手段，并不是指仅仅给予他人一定的钱财、名誉、地位，如开办慈善机构，让穷人吃饱穿暖、没有病痛等等，而是为人们传法，令其明白道理，这是真实利益众生的唯一方法。 其实，在发菩提心以后，作为大乘菩萨，除了那些眼下虽有利益、却后患不绝的事不能做以外，凡是利益众生的事，无论大小巨细、无论采用何种手段，都是可以接受的。这是佛陀的劝告，也是大乘戒律不同于小乘戒律之处。 在小乘戒律里，能做的事与不能作的事划分得十分细微，永无开许之时。但对大乘菩萨而言，只要没有自私心，在能够利益众生，且不会产生不良后果的前提下，就可以毫无顾忌地去做。大乘菩萨戒正是以此深远的眼光、广阔的胸怀来制定的。 但是，大乘菩萨主要不是以世俗手段来度化众生，而是通过弘扬佛法，让每个众生明白如何去选择正确的道路。因为人是有智慧的生命，如果他们知道这条路是最安全的，就会做出明智的选择，从而主动欣然地走上菩提大道。所有的行善都不应该是被动的，勉强的行善因为只是行于外表，而不是发自内心，实际上就不是善。所以，让每个人理解大乘佛法的精神、见解与行为至关重要。 对于其他众生，则可以采用其他相应的手段。比如，在放生时，就应该为所放生命念诵佛的圣号和咒语。因为，如果为其讲法，它们也无法明白，但我们相信，为其念诵经咒肯定可以在它们的心田里播下解脱的种子，这些种子会很快成熟。到那时，它们便会明白这条路该怎样走，而且会主动地去走。对于动物，我们只能用这种方法。然而，人是有思想的，所以，为人讲法极其重要。 华智仁波切在《现观庄严论》的解释里，讲了一个非常关键的问题。他说:成佛不是大乘菩萨的目标。如果成 佛也不是目标的话，那么大乘修行人到底有没有目标呢, 此话的真实意趣是，如果仅仅因为佛非常伟大、远离一切过失、圆满一切功德而发愿成佛，就没有考虑众生的解脱，所以不是大乘法。这句话揭示出:如果不考虑众生的解脱，即使为发誓成佛而再努力也不是大乘法。 作为五部大论之一的《现观庄严论》，不是浅显的论典，其中包含了很多的修法和窍诀。很多高僧大德的“窍诀”，都是从五部大论等众多经论中提炼出来的。以上观点，也是华智仁波切从中归纳出的一个重要开示，大家一定要重视。 综上所述，发菩提心的第一个条件，是发愿度众生;第二个条件，是要有为度化众生而发誓成佛的决心。 在此，我不得不再次提醒大家，请回头看一看，自己在学佛后的几年、十几年、甚至几十年中，所做所为是不是根本不考虑自身的解脱，而只关心如何利益众生,有没有这样的想法,如果从来都没有想过，相应的行动就更不要说了，那么，我们就不是大乘的修行人。即使每天念诵《受菩萨戒的仪轨》，如果没有“我要为度化众生而成佛”的决心，则念得再多、再动听，对我们也起不到任何作用，仅是形式而已，这是很可怕的。 如果至今还没有生起菩提心，就应当励力生起。其具体的方法，在《普贤上师言教》里有比较详尽的说明。《普贤上师言教笔记》中还有更广的一些修法，在《慧灯之光(二)——五加行开示录》中，已经收集了这些修法的详细，此处不再重复。开示不是论典，一看就能够领会，在领会之后若肯实修，就能够生起无伪的菩提心。 众所周知，一位体育运动员经过训练所获得的成绩，是未经锻炼的人所无法企及的。但是，如果我们经过锻炼，也同样可以做到。菩提心是否具备，是与锻炼与否密切相关的，而不是不可改变的。我们如果不从现在开始锻炼发菩提心，就将永远是自私自利的人，永远不能成为大乘修行人。如果锻炼一段时间(三个月、半年或一年)，多少会修出些菩提心来。发菩提心不仅要靠锻炼，还须其它助缘，如听闻菩提心的功德、闻思相关的大乘经典、尽量地积累资粮等等，当然，最关键的还是修四无量心——慈悲喜舍。若能这样，发菩提心也不是很难。对于不修行的人来说，发菩提心很难，但对修行精进的人而言，这也并非难事，学佛的人必须要过这一关。 正如以前所讲的比喻一样，古代的城市都有城墙围绕，假如城墙只有一个城门，则所有进城的人都必须通过此门，才可以到达城内的任何一户人家，否则一家也去不了。同样，如果没有过出离心和菩提心这一关，我们就没有选择的余地，就无法修习真正的大圆满、大手印、时轮金刚等法。如果过了这一关，修净土、禅宗、中观、大手印或大圆满，便可由我们任意挑选。 在家居士修出离心，与上班工作并没有任何冲突。一个现代人所要养活的家口，顶多只有七八个。而在佛住世 的时候，即使日理万机的印度国王，也可以在佛陀的适当安排下，使管理国家与修学大乘佛法齐头并进。同样，在我们生起出离心与菩提心后，也不是要立即不上班、不处理家务、放弃世俗的一切，只要对世间没有贪执之心，就可以在做世间工作的同时进行修行。生起出离心和菩提心不但与平时的工作没有冲突，在遇到一些棘手的问题，或者与他人发生利害冲突的关键时刻，真正的修行人反而会处理得更加完美。 当然，对于那些虽然相信因果轮回，但仅仅是为了得到一些世间圆满而作善事，却不愿意修解脱道的人而言，是不需要出离心和菩提心的。然而，对于修解脱道、修菩萨道的修行人而言，发菩提心是必须特别强调的首要问题。 有了菩提心，修行上的许多问题都可以迎刃而解，因为菩提心本身已经包含了积累资粮、忏悔清净罪业等等不可思议的能力。因此，菩提心是开启大乘佛法门扉不可或缺的“万能钥匙”。 菩提心可分为两种:世俗菩提心和胜义菩提心。前面所讲是世俗菩提心，胜义菩提心就是证悟空性的智慧。胜义菩提心和世俗菩提心，已经涵盖了所有的大乘佛法，是大乘佛教的精髓。所以，没有菩提心，就没有办法修持大乘佛法，菩提心是非常重要的。 大乘菩萨真正的菩提心，是指毫无自私地奉献、毫无条件地付出。尤其在遇到困难艰辛之时，能保持这种精神是极难的。平时我们在顺意安适之时，于修法打坐之中，偶尔生起“我为度化一切众生而发誓成佛，为了获得佛的果位，所以打坐、修行”的念头也许不是很难，但这种菩提心是不稳定的。只有反反复复地修炼，才会生起真实、稳固的菩提心。 只有依靠菩提心，才有希望走上大乘佛法的解脱道，这是真正的依处。无论是谁，都应该有一个依处。那么，我们应该把什么作为自己的依处呢,每个人都知道，以金钱、名誉和地位为依处是靠不住的。亲人、朋友、同事可以作为依处吗,亲眷好友可以帮我们解决一些现世的生活问题，但是，在了脱生死的难题上，他们却无能为力。佛经里将此比喻为:两个不懂水性的人同时溺水，是谁也救不了谁的。同样，亲友和自己同是凡夫，同在生死轮回中流转，他们连自己都不能自救，又怎么能拯救我们呢,所以，把他们作为依处也是靠不住的。那么，以一些社会团体等为依处，是否靠得住呢,也是否定的。在解决生老病死、从轮回获得解脱的问题上，谁也帮不了我们。唯一值得我们依靠的就是解脱道，特别是菩提心。 即使我们现在活得很开心，但这种快乐是不可能持续到永远的，我们将来肯定会面临很多苦难。有的人因为现在没有明显痛苦，就不为来世作准备，却因为担心将来会过苦日子，而处心积虑地去拼命挣钱，甚至不考虑因果，这是很愚昧的。他们没有想过，毕竟我们已经投生到人间，日子就算过得再苦，与三恶道的苦也是不能相提并论的。但下一世我们会投生何处,是否还能像现在这样获得人身,这是很难保证的。所以，我们必须要为下一世做充分的准备，这才是理性的选择。所谓充分的准备是什么呢,既不是发财，也不是求名，而是要修法。虽然小乘的法可以 解决自己的问题，但解决不了众生的问题。所以，一定要发菩提心，唯有菩提心才能救度自他。 在以前的所有开示里，我都没有特别强调大圆满等密法。现在我本人，也没有奢求证悟大圆满。为什么呢,是不是大圆满不殊胜呢,不是。大圆满、大中观等密法是非常殊胜的，但我的根基还不够，出离心、菩提心等基础还没有打好。这就好比一个人要画壁画，如果墙壁都没有，又画什么壁画呢,所以，首先要把墙壁砌好，然后才能于其上作画，目前我的状况就是如此。所以，虽然大圆满、气脉明点等修法，是我所欠缺和必须的，但我现在只能处于希求、向往出离心和菩提心的阶段当中，暂时不去追求、向往大圆满等密法，因为即使向往，也是无济于事的。现在我唯一的希望，就是将基础打牢。而基础的修法只有两个，一是出离心，二是菩提心。外加行、内加行的很多修法，都是围绕这两个修法而展开，都是为达到这两个目的而进行的。 我当前的境界就是这样，不知道你们的境界如何,你们在追求的目标是什么,这些只有你们自己才了解。我想，作为一名佛教徒，尤其是听闻过许多大乘佛法的佛教徒，其目标决不应该是金钱，决不应该是现世生活中所谓的圆满。在座的很多人或许都是像我这样离大圆满等高深密法尚有一定距离的人，这种人应该从基础的出离心和菩提心开始。 出离心要从人身难得、寿命无常、因果不虚、轮回过患这四个外加行修起。外四加行修好以后，出离心自然而然就会有了。而世俗菩提心包含愿菩提心和行菩提心，愿菩提心的修法就是以慈悲喜舍四无量心的修法为门径，以此修法即可产生慈悲心。一旦生起慈悲心，离菩提心也就是咫尺之遥了。只有像这样一步一步地走，我们才会有希望。 所有修行人都应该自我审视，问问自己究竟在希求什么，树立了怎样的目标,如果发现目标不正确，就等于发现了自己最大的不足。那么，我现在就只能算是一个尚未入门的人，如果再不努力，就将永远是凡夫。如果现在肯踏实地去做，每个人都能生起无伪的菩提心。因为，释迦牟尼佛所传的菩提心修法，主要就是针对像我们这样没有入门、没有发菩提心的人而言的。 以前所讲的一系列开示，几乎都是关于出离心和菩提心的，虽然我也会讲五部大论或密宗的修法，但这些法目前对在座的许多人而言，并没有太大的作用。就像厨师应该做食客能够消化的饭菜一样，假如厨师做了很多，食客的肠胃却不能消受，又为什么要做这么多呢,我之所以现在不太愿意讲许多高深的法，也就是因为这个道理。 但为什么我要反复强调这些基础修法呢,因为这样反复，就可以使人有更深刻的感受，就能更重视这些基础。如果我只是轻描淡写地随口带过，你们就不会有深刻的体会和印象。或许有人已经因为我的唠叨而厌烦了，但无论怎样，出离心和菩提心都是贯穿于修行始终的中心要点。 有些人将这些基础修法弃置不顾，在不知道何为灌顶，不知道灌顶后该做什么、不该做什么的情况下，不辞辛劳地奔波于藏汉两地，到处去接受灌顶。但这样的结果，却与解脱道没有多少关系。所以，希望在座的每个人都能以出离心、菩提心为目标，严格地要求自己。在出离心和菩提心没有修出来之前，不要修任何密法，只需坚持不懈地在这两个修法上下功夫。只有过了这两关以后，才能考虑大中观、时轮金刚、大手印、大圆满等高深妙法。在藏密里，殊胜的法多如牛毛，应有尽有，但如果没有出离心和菩提心的基础，是没有资格修这些法的。总之，目前对我们而言，唯一最关键的、最重要的就是出离心和菩提心。 2、无缘殊胜 所谓无缘，就是空性之义。你们中的绝大多数人，也许还没有证悟空性，即便如此，也不用着急，只要能修起出离心和菩提心，证悟空性也是轻而易举的事情。但是，如果没有出离心和菩提心，妄想证悟有如蒸沙成饭。就像在春天播种，就很容易长出庄稼;而在冬天撒种，则因为机缘不成熟，再努力也是徒劳无功一样。在所有的条件成熟以后，一切愿望都会瓜熟蒂落的。 佛经对无缘殊胜的要求是，在不离空性境界的同时，去行持布施、持戒等六度。例如，放生的时候，应了知放生者(自己)、所放生命和放生行为都是无有自性、如梦如幻的，亦即做到三轮清净(或称三轮体空)，这就是无缘殊胜。 在没有证悟空性时，真正的“无缘”是无法达到的。这时，我们可以按“相似的无缘”来行持，它比较接近无缘，却不是真实的无缘。比如，我们将中观的思维方法学好后，就能深刻体会到，一切法都是显而无自性，是如梦如幻的。但这只是字面上的了解，而并非真实的证悟。仍以放生为例，最好在放生的同时，至少也应在放生完毕回向的时候，能以中观理论来抉择三轮的无实空性，这样的抉择就叫“相似的三轮体空”。这虽然不是真实的三轮体空，但已经比较接近于真实，可以作为初期的三轮体空来行持。 以上讲了相似的无缘与真实的无缘。真实的无缘是指登地的菩萨在证悟空性后，于不离空性境界的状态下行持六度万行。因为菩萨已经证悟了一切现象都如梦如幻，故尔没有任何执着。但是，没有证悟的人最多只能做到相似的三轮体空。如果不懂中观，那么就连相似的三轮体空也无法做到。如果相似的无缘与真实的无缘都做不到，“无缘”之说又从何谈起呢, 针对这种人，佛陀也为他们指明了一条路:佛经中讲，在行善时，虽然不能做到“无缘”，但也要认认真真、一心一意地去做。所谓的“一心一意”，是指在行善时，不但身体要认真去做，内心也要如理如法地发心、回向，认真谨慎地观想、作意，这可以算是“无缘”的最低限度。如果身体在行善，心里却在胡思乱想，就只是表面上的善事，作表面善事是劳而无功的。所以，大家应当对此加以重视。 如果要解脱，必须证悟空性，无论困难有多大，都一定要知难而上，这是最后冲刺的一关。早期要过的关是出离心和菩提心，在出离心和菩提心完全具足以后，还要过证悟空性这一关。即使已经圆满了出离心和菩提心，如果没有证悟空性，离解脱就还有一定的距离，所以，我们最终必须证悟空性。 在没有证悟之前的“无缘殊胜”，就是在出离心和菩提心的基础上，认认真真、心不散乱、如理如法地去行持。虽然现在做到无缘殊胜有一定难度，但如果具备出离心和菩提心的基础，证悟空性也是指日可待的事，因为菩提心与证悟空性的智慧是互相观待的。也就是说，如果证悟了空性，出离心和菩提心就能自然而然地生起;有了出离心和菩提心，证悟空性的智慧也就唾手可得了。 3、回向殊胜 回向的含义是什么呢,譬如，有十个人，其中只有一人有食物，而其他九人却没有，现有的食物本来可以被拥有者独享，但他却舍不得，而愿与其他九个人共同分享。回向的含义也与此类似。人们在行善时所造的善根，能够获得善报，但大乘的修行人却不愿独自享受此善果，而是将它分给普天下所有的众生，这就是回向的内涵。 回向有两种，一是有毒的回向，二是无毒的回向。所谓“有毒的回向”，就是有执着的回向。《般若波罗密多经》里讲过，凡是有执着的善根，就象有毒的食品。虽然在吃有毒食物的时候，也许还会感觉味道鲜美可口，但当毒发之时，就会痛苦异常。同样，有执着的、不是三轮体空的善根，虽然也会带来一些临时性的善报，但因为是有漏之法，所以不但不能最终脱离轮回的痛苦，反而会引发众多苦受。 无毒的回向是指无执着的回向、无缘的回向，也即在证悟空性的境界中回向。无毒的回向又分为两种:一是真实的无毒回向，二是相似的无毒回向。所谓“真实的无毒回向”，是指登地以上的菩萨在无缘禅定中的回向，这是薄地凡夫所无法做到的。我们现在只能做相似的无毒回向，这种回向不是指以中观的逻辑来抉择一切法是空性，而是按照《三十五佛忏悔文》里所讲的方法，真心诚意地进行观想:所有十方三世的佛菩萨如何回向其善根，我也如是回向我的善根。这种回向，就是相似的无毒回向。 很多经书上说过，这虽然不是真实的无毒回向，却可以代替无毒回向。例如，在放生过程中所造的善业，该如何回向呢,我们应一心一意地想:过去的佛、现在的佛、未来的佛如何回向他们的善业，我也如此回向我的善业，这就是无毒的回向。当然，我们也可以念诵《普贤行愿品》，因为其中包含了很多殊胜的回向。如果不会念或没有时间念其全文，就可以念诵从“文殊师利勇猛智”至“为得普贤殊胜行”的八句两个偈颂。龙树菩萨说过:这八句两偈是整个《普贤行愿品》的精华。所以，仅念这八句就等于念诵了全部的《普贤行愿品》。这种回向不但简单易行，同时又是相似的、清净的无毒回向。 做了善事以后，一定要如理回向。因为善业在没有成熟前，就有可能遭到损坏。什么情况会毁坏善业呢, 第一、发瞋恨心。在大乘佛教里，所有烦恼中最严重的就是瞋恨心。生起严重的瞋心，立即就可以毁坏一百个大劫所积累的善业; 第二、自诩功德。例如，某人在念了一亿文殊心咒以后，故意在他人面前卖弄自己的功德，炫耀自己的修行，夸夸其谈地宣传自己如何了不起，这样也会毁坏自己的善业; 第三、于善生悔。例如，某人如理如法地放了生，可是，过了一段时间后，就生起后悔心:“我当时的放生是在浪费钱财，是不应该做的。”像这样的后悔，就会立即毁坏以前所做的一切放生善业; 第四、颠倒回向。例如，某人在行善之后，如果这样回向:“祝愿我依靠此善根，能够成为一个很有实力的人，从而消灭我的怨敌某某人。”这就是颠倒回向。凡是以贪瞋痴为根本的回向，都叫颠倒回向。这样回向以后，虽然有可能成熟其所发的恶愿，但在此果成熟以后，就再也不会产生其它的善报。 如果我们不及时如法地回向，在以上这些情况下，即使再多、再殊胜的善根，都会被毁于一旦。在这些毁坏善业的因素当中，最容易出现的是瞋恨心，它能毁坏难以计数的善业，对凡夫而言，是非常可怕的。所以，行善之后必须立刻回向。 如理回向之后，善业是否便不会被毁坏呢,如法的回向，特别是在为菩提而回向之后，在一般情况下，善根是不会被毁坏的。这就像在计算机中保存文件一样，在文档保存好以后，通常是不会丢失的。 此外，回向应当与发心相应。我们的发心如果是为一切众生而行善，最后也要为一切众生而回向。前后不应该是矛盾的，如果发的是菩提心，回向却是为自己就不合理。按照大乘佛教的思想，我们既不能为这一世的圆满——自己的健康、长寿、发财而回向;也不能为了获得声闻、缘觉的果位而回向;而是要为证得菩提、获得佛陀的果位而回向，这是最殊胜的回向。这样回向后，善根生生世世也不会穷尽，其善果虽然一次又一次地成熟，却永无完结之时。因为善根已经回向了菩提，所以在未证得菩提之前，它们是不会消失的。 回向和发愿有何差别呢,在行善(如放生)时，造了善业，以此善业为前提，于行善后所发之愿，即是回向。平时，不以所造善业为依托的发愿，即是普通的发愿。如看到佛像、佛塔时，于其前发愿“祝愿我生生世世„„”，这就不是回向而是发愿。回向和发愿的差别在于有无行善，有无所回向的善业。 在此，还有一些需要强调、值得注意的事项: 第一、作为一位大乘修行人，无论在发愿或回向时，首先应当发誓:“祝愿我在从今乃至菩提间的生生世世中，即使为了自己的身体乃至生命，也不伤害任何一个有情的性命，即使众生的一根毫毛也决不损坏。”当然，因为誓言一定要做到，如果这种发誓暂时无法完全做到的话，做为大乘佛子，最低限度也要这样发誓:“祝愿我在从今乃至菩提间的生生世世中，即使为了自己的身体乃至生命，也决不故意伤害众生的生命。”如果连这一点都做不到，修学大乘佛法就无从谈起。不仅如此，我们还应当让自己尽早发起并实现前一种无上、伟大的誓愿，并将其作为目前的修行目标与奋斗方向。 第二、佛经中记载:每当我们回向时，无论所做善业是大、是小，决不能发“祝愿我依靠此善根，从而获得转轮王的果位或者健康、长寿„„”等人天、声闻乘之愿;而是应该发愿:“愿我依靠此善根，能够生生世世成为众生的怙主(怙主指救度众生的人)，成为度化众生的人。”这样专心致志地发愿回向，就是大乘菩萨的回向。 有关回向的比喻，是一个人舍不得将食物独自享用，而将它与众人分享。那么，在回向之后，自己的善业是否也随之而减少了呢,就如某人以十元钱来用于十人共分，此人只能得一元钱一样。但是，善根却不是这样的，越是回向给众生，善根就越增长;越是舍不得回向，善根就有可能越减少。善根在此方面的特点，是与世俗事物恰好相反的。所以，千万不要忘记回向。 回向时，如果想简单，就可以念诵《普贤行愿品》中的那八句二偈;如果想广繁，也可以选择其他较长的回向文。如《入菩萨行论》的最后一品是回向品，其中的内容都是大乘菩萨的回向，念诵这一品的颂词也很殊胜。 但值得注意的是，发愿文、回向文有无加持力，与其作者有极大关系。像我们这样的凡夫能否写回向文呢,如果自己发心清净，此清净心可能有一些能力，但是，我们写的回向文本身却没有任何加持，即使念上一千遍、一万遍，也没有任何作用。所以，回向文的作者最好是登地菩萨，至少也应该是加行道高层次的证悟者，只有他们的语言才会有加持力，平时我们也应念诵这种回向发愿文。 无垢光尊者讲过，所有的善业，无论大小，都不能离开这三个框架，都要框于此三殊胜中间。如果不离开三殊胜，则所做的一切善业皆为解脱道;如果离开这三种殊胜，即使表面上再伟大、再深广，也不是解脱道。所以，这三个殊胜非常重要。 对我们多数人而言，虽然目前很难做到无缘殊胜，但也可以暂时以相似的无缘殊胜来代替。如果想真正做到发心与回向殊胜，肯定也要以一定的修行为基础。正如体育运动员为了取得异于常人的成绩，就要提前锻炼一样，要发如此伟大的誓愿，肯定是要提前修行的。没有修行，就不可能发此大愿。希望每一个修行人都能重视、实践这三 个殊胜，尤其是出离心和菩提心，至于其它的修法，在将基础打牢以后再修也不迟。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.