【高考必备】优化方案·高中同步测试卷·北师英语选修8：Unit22　EnvironmentalProtection　（B卷）Word版含答案[精品原创]

【高考必备】优化·同步测试卷·北师英语选修8：Unit22　EnvironmentalProtection　（B卷）Word版含[精品原创] Unit 22 Environmental Protection B卷 能力提升检测卷 (建议用时:60分钟) ?.阅读理解 A You might think that“global warming”means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature.But，rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation(撤离)of an island nation—the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland. During the 20th century，sea level rose 8,12 inches.As a result，Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country’s drinking water. Paani Laupepa，a Tuvaluan government official，reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connected higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms. Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions(导致温室效应的气体排放)，which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreement，the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，” Laupepa told the BBC. Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries. Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable(易受影响的)to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，president of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311，000 an “endangered nation”( 1(The text is mainly about________( A(rapid changes in earth’s temperature B(bad effects of global warming C(moving from a country to a new place D(reasons for lowland flooding 2(According to scientists，the direct cause of more and fiercer storms is________( A(greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations B(higher surface water temperatures of the sea C(continuous global warming D(rising sea levels 3(Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not________( A(agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B(sign an agreement with Tuvalu C(allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D(believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real 4(The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is________( A(Australia B(New Zealand C(the Maldives D(the United States B Global warming could make humans shorter，warn scientists who claim to have found evidence that it caused the world’s first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago. In fact，a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the Earth heating up and the size of mammals—horses，in this case，the last time the world heated up. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million years ago. As temperatures went up，their size went down，and vice versa;at one point they were as small as a house cat，said Dr.Jonathan Bloch，curator(馆长)of the Florida Museum of Natural History，was quoted by the Daily Mail as saying. The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals，and could even make humans smaller. “Horses started out small，about the size of a small dog like a miniature schnauzer(雪纳瑞 犬)(What’s surprising is that after they first appeared，they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in size，and that exactly corresponds to the global warming event，followed by cooling.It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm，but we hadn’t understood that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size.” Dr.Bloch said in the Science journal. 5(How did the scientists find out the evolution of horses? A(By using fossils. B(By following the horses. C(By heating up. D(By studying cats. 6(According to the passage，which of the following sentences is NOT true? A(Global warming has happened more than once. B(The Earth heating up was connected with the size of horses. C(Horses first appeared on the Earth 56 million years ago. D(The present global warming is sure to make humans shorter. 7(What does the underlined word “miniature” in the last paragraph probably mean? A(Small. B(Large. C(Natural. D(Gentle. 8(What would be the best title for the passage? A(Global warming could make humans shorter B(Scientists from Florida and Nebraska C(Horses used to be like cats D(Dr.Jonathan Bloch C A town in Oxfordshire has become the first in the UK to have biomethane (生物甲烷) gas generated from human waste piped to their homes for gas central heating and cooking. Up to 200 families in Didcot now receive the gas via the national gas power system.Head of energy and technology at British Gas，Martin Orrill，said customers wouldn’t notice any difference as the gas is purified (提炼)to the highest standard and has no smell.The gas is produced at a sewage (污物)treatment works plant in Didcot. The entire process takes only less than three weeks，with the sewage being collected and sent first to settlement tanks.The solid waste material is then fed into digesters，where anaerobic bacteria(厌氧菌)digest the sewage，with the aid of enzymes (酶) to speed up the process.The digestion process produces methane，which can be burned to drive machines to produce electricity，or can be purified and fed into the gas network and piped to homes and businesses.British Gas says supplying the gas rather than electricity is far more efficient since around two-thirds of the energy is lost in producing electricity. Partners in the Didcot project，British Gas，Scotia Gas Networks，and Thames Water，all hope to expand the process to other towns，and other companies such as Ecotricity and United Utilities have also announced biomethane projects being planned.One of these projects，in Manchester， could be supplying 500 homes with biomethane by mid next year.Another British Gas project in Suffolk will provide gas from digestion of brewery wastes to around 235 families. The Didcot project cost ,2.50 and was influenced by promises of government aids aimed at encouraging companies to develop renewable technologies.An EU directive means the UK must ensure at least 15 percent of its energy is from renewable sources by 2020.The UK produces about 1.73 million tons of sewage annually.If all sewage treatment works in the UK were fitted with the technology，they could supply gas for up to 350，000 families. 9(Which of the following is TRUE of the biomethane gas? A(It’s mainly made from rotting plants. B(It’s an environmentally friendly gas. C(Its production process is too long. D(It’s easily recognized by the customers. 10(What is the function of the enzymes? A(To digest the solid waste material. B(To help get rid of anaerobic bacteria. C(To help purify the biomethane. D(To speed up the digestion process. 11(The last three paragraphs mainly show that________( A(UK government supports the biomethane projects B(the biomethane projects are very costly C(the biomethane projects still face many barriers D(the biomethane projects are promising 12. What is the text mainly about? A(Computer science. B(Engineering. C(Energy. D(Business. D Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.We are dealing with the results of that over?consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place. The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard. Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need.However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food.But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary. There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary material we are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb. 13(What does the underlined phrase“over?consumption” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A(Using too much packaging. B(Recycling too many wastes. C(Making more products than necessary. D(Having more material than is needed. 14(The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show ________( A(the tendency of cutting household waste B(the increase of packaging recycling C(the rapid growth of supermarkets D(the fact of packaging overuse 15(According to the text, recycling ________( A(helps control the greenhouse effect B(means burning packaging for energy C(is the solution to gas shortage D(leads to a waste of land 16(What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A(Unpackaged products are of bad quality. B(Supermarkets care more about packaging. C(It is improper to judge quality by packaging. D(Other products are better packaged than food. ?.七选五 Time is the most valuable thing that mankind has.1.________Many people try to manage their time.They arrange information and tips in order to effectively do so. 2(________Time can be managed easily by finding out what is important and arranging these things in the order of importance.In this way you know your direction before making any plans and do not waste time and energy unnecessarily. Now comes the next question.3.________The answer is that you need to find out what steps you need to take to do and what you want to do.Then you know how much time to spend for each thing.These steps are like goals. 4(________Not having them is like walking blindly in a dark room，trying to find the door. Time management also demands a set schedule that works best for you.In this way you will be able to arrange your tasks based on their importance and finish them.In this way you will not waste your time in beating around the bush. 5(________There are lots of things that we need to do in a short time.Therefore，having good time management skills is at the top of the list of things we all need. A(We all live in a fast paced world now. B(Using every passing second effectively can benefit us. C(Could you divide your time equally while doing your work? you manage time and what type of information is needed to do so? D(How do E(Setting goals is the most important part of time management. F(Managing time is not that hard. G(The aim of time management is to give us a feeling of satisfaction.?.完形填空 Sandy Greenberg came from a poor family.He went to Columbia University on a scholarship(奖学金)and there he met his roommate who also was receiving financial__1__( Unfortunately，Sandy had a(n)__2__disease during his second year at Columbia University， and finally he became blind.But__3__for Sandy，something else also happened to him—his roommate would__4__his textbooks to him，every night after he lost his sight. As a result，Sandy went on to__5__with honors.He went off to study at Oxford.He was still quite poor，but he had managed to__6__about five hundred dollars as he went along. His roommate__7__went on to graduate school(研究生院)(One day，Sandy got a __8__ from him at Oxford.His former roommate said，“Sandy，I’m really__9__(I really don’t like being in graduate school，and I don’t want to do this.” “Well，what do you want to do,”Sandy__10__( His roommate told him，“Sandy，I really love to__11__(I have a high school friend who plays the guitar.And we would really like to__12__our hand in the music business.But we need to make a promo record(宣传唱片)，and in order to__13__that I need $500.” Sandy took all his life savings without__14__and sent it to his roommate.Well，his roommate was the__15__famous singer，Art Garfunkel，and he__16__up with another musician，Paul Simon.That $500__17__them make a record that finally became The Sounds of Silence. How we are able to deal with__18__in our lives will be influenced by how we deal with others __19__the way.What we get will depend a lot on what we__20__.And that’s the end of the story of doing well by doing good. 1.A.aid B(advice C(crisis D(pressure 2(A.eye B(ear C(nose D(bone 3(A.finally B(luckily C(sadly D(excitedly 4(A.lend B(offer C(read D(return 5(A.survive B(research leave D(graduate C( 6(A.save B(earn C(keep D(borrow 7(A.never B(still C(either D(also 8(A.message B(call C(card D(report 9(A.unhappy B(unhealthy C(homesick D(lonely 10(A.suggested B(answered C(asked D(laughed 11(A.work B(sing C(dance D(travel 12(A.wave B(wash C(try D(clean 13(A.win B(do C(prove D(earn 14(A.permission B(consideration C(hesitation D(expectation 15(A.other B(present C(former D(later 16(A.teamed B(came C(showed D(set 17(A.saw B(helped C(hoped D(let 18(A.interests B(opportunities C(difficulties D(feelings 19(A.across B(in C(by D(along 20(A.take B(give C(like D(learn ?.语法填空 Many people keep small fish 1.____________ pets.They keep them in a tank of water.The tank is 2.____________(make) of glass.People can look through it.They can see inside the tank and watch the fish. The fish need room.They mustn’t 3.____________(crowd)(They need oxygen to breathe. 4(____________ must be enough water for all fish.So the size of the tank is very important. In the tank people put small plants that 5.____________(be) good for fish.They give oxygen to the water.Plants help in other ways, too.Fish can hide 6.____________ the plants and sleep, lay eggs there. The fish should 7.____________(keep) in water all the time.Some can jump high.So the tank should be covered.This keeps the fish from 8.____________ (jump) out. The fish need food and should be fed every day.But if you give them too much food, it is very bad, for the extra food 9.____________(fall) to the bottom and make the water dirty.So the fish should get just enough food and finish it in ten minutes.Nothing should 10.____________(leave). 参考答案与解析 ?.阅读理解 [导学号14830005] 1(解析:选B。主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。 2(解析:选B。推理判断题。根据第三段“Many scientists connected higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.”可判断，造成 严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋面水的气温太高。 3(解析:选A。细节理解题。第四段第一句表示Laupepa对美国不满意的原因是美国 拒绝签署减少温室效应气体排放的公约。 4(解析:选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可判断出the Maldives与Tuvalu的情况相似。 [导学号14830006] 5(解析:选A。细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，科学家用化石来追溯马从5 600万年前诞生至今的进化历程。 6(解析:选D。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，当前的全球变暖“可能”而不是“必定”会让人类的个子变矮。 7(解析:选A。词义猜测题。根据单词“miniature”中的前缀“mini(小的)”可知。另外，根据画线词miniature出现的句子的语境“马最初的个头很小，和一只小狗的个头差不多，大约也就像一只„„雪纳瑞犬那么大”可知。 8(解析:选A。标题归纳题。“科学家们研究发现”地球温度的变化影响着哺乳动物身体的大小，继而科学家发出警告，全球变暖可能会使人类变矮。故选项A作为标题最佳。 [导学号14830007] 【解题导语】 文章介绍了英国的一种能源——生物甲烷气体，用来供人们取暖和做饭。 9(解析:选B。细节理解题。由第一段的“...gas generated from human waste”可知A项不对;从第二段的“customers wouldn’t notice any difference as the gas is purified(提炼) to the highest standard and has no smell.”及全文看出B项是正确的，D项是不正确的;从第三段的“The entire process takes only less than three weeks”看出C项是不正确的。 10(解析:选D。细节理解题。从第三段的“...where anaerobic bacteria digest the sewage, with the aid of enzymes(酶) to speed up the process.”看出D项是正确的。 11(解析:选D。推理判断题。从最后两段中的“...500 homes with biomethane by mid next year.Another British Gas project...around 235 families.”“15 percent of its energy is from renewable sources by 2020...1.73 million tons of...350，000 families”可以推出。 12(解析:选C。主旨大意题。文章介绍的是英国的一种用来供人们取暖和做饭的能源——生物甲烷气体。 [导学号14830008] 【解题导语】 本文属于科普环保类短文。文章讲述了人们应该对于环境保护有个清醒的认识，能循环利用就利用，有的人认为包装不好，可能产品的质量不好，要知道包装纸也是一种污染，如果把它们烧掉，会产生温室气体，会造成温室效应。所以我们应对过度包装的危害有清醒的认识，文章最后指出要想保护好环境还有很长的路要走。 13(解析:选D。词义猜测题。根据文中的We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place. 可知，划线部分意义应为“过度消费”。故选D。 14(解析:选D。用意猜测题。根据作者在文中使用的数字可知，其目的是为了让读者清楚地理解过度包装的现实问题。故选D。 15(解析:选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.及第四段中的Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy.可知A项正确。 16(解析:选C。推理判断题。第四段讲述了人们对于包装不好的物品的固有认识，即:人们普遍认为包装不好的物品质量肯定差，所以C项应为正确答案。 ?.七选五 [导学号14830009] 1,5.BFDEA ?.完形填空 [导学号14830010] 【解题导语】 Sandy在上哥伦比亚大学时得到过室友无私的帮助。后来，室友遇到困难，Sandy毫不犹豫地伸出了援手，帮助室友完成了梦想。 1(解析:选A。根据前面讲的Sandy是靠奖学金上的大学以及句中的also可知，他的室友也很穷，也同样接受经济“资助”。 2(解析:选A。根据后文的he became blind可知，此处指Sandy上大二时，“眼睛”得了病。 3(解析:选B。虽然Sandy丧失了视力，但他的室友每天晚上都会给他读课本，相对丧失视力的不幸，这是不幸之中的幸事，故用luckily。 4(解析:选C。Sandy丧失了视力，所以他的室友应该是每天晚上给他“读”课本。 5(解析:选D。根据下一句讲的Sandy到牛津大学继续深造可推知，Sandy在室友的帮助下完成了学业并以优异的成绩“毕业”了。 6(解析:选A。根据下文的Sandy took all his life savings可知，尽管Sandy的生活依然很贫困，但是他还是设法“积攒”了大约五百美元。 7(解析:选D。根据该段最后的I really don’t like being in graduate school可知，Sandy的室友“也”进入了研究生院学习。 8(解析:选B。根据下文对话的情节可知，此处指Sandy在牛津大学接到了前室友的“电话”。 9(解析:选A。根据该空后的内容可知，他的室友现在很“不开心”。 10(解析:选C。根据该空前引号中的问句可知，此处应填asked。 11(解析:选B。根据下文他的室友说要录一张宣传唱片可知，他的室友非常喜欢“唱歌”。 12(解析:选C。此处指他们很想在音乐界一试身手。try one’s hand意为“初试身手，一试身手”。 13(解析:选B。但是为了去“做”这件事(指录一张宣传唱片)，他们需要五百美元。 14(解析:选C。根据上文可知，在Sandy最困难的时候，室友帮助了他，故此处应指Sandy毫不犹豫地拿出自己所有的积蓄，寄给了室友。without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。 15(解析:选D。Sandy的室友就是“后来”著名的歌手Art Carfunkel。 16(解析:选A。上文中，Art Garfunkel在电话中对Sandy说:“我有个中学时的朋友是弹吉他的。我们俩很想在音乐界一试身手。”由此可以看出，此处指他与另一位音乐家成立了一个组合。team up with(sb.)意为“(与某人)结成一队”。 17(解析:选B。那五百美元“帮助”他们制作出一张唱片。 18(解析:选C。从Art Garfunkel和Sandy的互助经历中，作者发表议论。此处指在生活中应对困难的能力与一直以来我们待人如何有很大的关系。 19(解析:选D。此处指一直以来我们如何待人影响着我们应对生活中困难的能力。along the way意为“在„„过程中，在生活的道路上”，符合语境。across the way意为“路对面”;in the way意为“挡道，挡路”，by the way意为“顺便问一下”。 20(解析:选B。此空与句中的get相对应。句意:我们所得到的在很大程度上取决于我们所付出的。这就是作者要通过这样一个故事来说明的人生道理。 ?.语法填空 [导学号14830011] 【解题导语】 本文介绍了养鱼作为宠物需要注意的问题。 1(解析:此处意为:很多人养小鱼作为宠物。as“作为”。 答案:as 2(解析:be made of...“由„„做成”。 答案:made 3(解析:鱼千万不能被挤着。此处用被动语态。 答案:be crowded 4(解析:此处是“there be”句型，There must be...“一定要有„„”。 答案:There 5(解析:定语从句的谓语由先行词的数决定，先行词是small plants，故谓语用复数。 答案:are 6(解析:鱼藏在植物当中。among“在„„当中”。 答案:among 7(解析:鱼应该一直被保留在水中。此处应用被动语态。 答案:be kept 8(解析:此处为“keep sb.from doing sth.”结构，意为:阻止某人做某事。 答案:jumping 9(解析:条件句中用一般现在时代替将来时，主句用将来时。 答案:will fall 10(解析:什么也不应该被落下。此处用被动语态。 答案:be left