Register-Theory 语域理论ppt课件

RegisterTheory*语域理论是系统功能语法的重要理论之一，源于“英国的语境主义”；Register这个概念最初是由Raid在1956年研究双语现象时提出来的；英籍波兰人人类学家Malinowski在20世纪提出了两个重要的概念：“情景语境”（contextofsituation)和文化语境（contextofculture);Firth将语境概念发展为“语义存在于语境”的理论；20世纪60年代，Halliday继承并发展了Firth的理论。* definitionofregister Languagevariesaccordingtothesituationinwhichitisused,andthesevarietiesoflanguagecanbereferredasregisters. Halliday(1964)definesregisterintermsoffield,tenorandmode.*field(场境） TheFIELDreferstothesubjectmatterorcontentbeingdiscussed.Thefieldincludes:thetopic;theinteractants.Thetopicofdiscoursecanbe:specialised/technical(e.g.talkingabouttheenvironmentetc.)everyday(eg.talkingaboutshoppingetc.)Theinteractantsmayhave:specialisedknowledgeofthefield(e.g.ascientistwritingforanarticleforanacademicjournal);commonknowlegeoffthefield(e.g.thereadersofanewspaperarticle).*Field Canalsodeterminesyntax certaingrammaticalconstructionsmaybefavoured,ordisfavoured Someconstructionsmaydeviatefromthe“norm”* Thenetecosystemexchangeofcarbondioxidewasmeansuredbyaddcovarianmethodsfor3yearsintwogrowthforestsitesnearSantarem,Brazil.Carbonwaslostinthewetseasonandgainedinthedryseason,whichwasoppositetotheseasonalcyclesofbothtreegrowthmodelpredictions.The3-yearaveragecarbonlosswas1.3(confidenceinterval:0.0to2.0)megagramsofcarbonperhectareperyear...(ScienceMagazine28.11.2003) Failuretotakeactiontocombatclimatechangewillcauseenvironmentalcatastropheandcosttheglobaleconomy$20trillionayearbytheendofthecentury,thepressuregroupFriendsoftheEarthsaystoday.Inareportbasedonresearchfrommorethan100scientificandeconomicpapers,thegroupsaysallowingglobalwarmingtocontinueuncheckedwillmeanateperaturerise4Cby2100,causingeconomicdamageworthupto8%ofglpbalGDP.(TheGuardian13.10.2006)*Mode(语式） TheMODEreferstothechannelofthecommunication languagecanbe:written;spoken;writtentobespoken(e.g.apoliticalspeech).. Languagecanbe:spontaneous(e.g.conversation);planned(e.g.acompositionorarticle). conversationisspotaneous,interactiveandoftenaccompaniesactions.Thelanguageofconversationischaracterizedby:hesitation,interruptions;interrogativesandimperatives;ellipsis，etc.* A:whatareyoudoingthissummer?Areyougoingtobeach?Areyougoingtothemountains?Or...? B:Possibly,yeah.Iwanttodosometraveling.Um,ImaygouptoSwitzerlandandvisitafriend--checkoutthemountainsthere. A.Wow Formality/informalityV.Written/spoken eg.formalspokenlanguageIsee.um.good.Mr.Thompson.itwasverypleasantinterviewingyouandwe'llletyouknowofdecision.Ithinkwecanwindupnow.we'llletyouknowofourdecisionassoonasI'vedecidedthematterstogetherwiththecommittee.You'llbehearingfromus.(takenfromajobinterview.informalwrittenlanguageTakealonglookatthereamazingcreatures--becauseitcouldbeyourlastchance.forashockingnewreportcarriedoutbyexpertsfromaroudtheglobehasfoundthatupto60,000speciearebecomingextinctEVERYYEAR.*Tenor(交际者） TheTENORreferstothetypeofroleinteraction,thesetofrelevantsocialrelations,permanentandtemporary,amongtheparticipantsinvolved. therelationshipsbetweentheinteractansvariesaccordingto:status;affectiveinvolvement;contact* weareverypleasedtohearthatyouhavebeenappointedtorepresentCerclesatthe7thELPSeminarinVilnius,lithuania.Iwouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldletmehaveyourfullpostaladdresssothatwecansendyouasignedinvitation.Inthemeantime,pleasefindattactedthedraftprogrammeandotherdocumentsconcerningtheseminal. HIIIIII!thankssooomuchforsponsoringme.imveryverygrateful.howarethings?soyoucanprobablytellfromthelatereplyofthisemailthatihaventreallygotmyselforganised,thoughihavejustsendoffmyaccommodationapplicationformforsouthampton..uni...oooexciting*Field Relatestothesubjectmatter whatyouaretalkingaboutdeterminesvocabularyinparticular Specialisedmeaningsofwords,especiallyifatechnicalfield(maybenarrowerorbroaderthantheword’smeaninginanotherfield) Preferredinterpretationsofambiguouswords Wordsthatarenotusedoutsidethefield*Moderelatesto… Lexisandgrammar Therearethingsthatyousaybutyouwouldn’twritedownandviceversa Phonology Euphony(pleasantsound),alliterationareaspectsofmode Writtenrepresentationofdialect*Tenordetermines… Vocabulary Choiceofsynonymsaccordingtolevelofformality Privateslang,“local”clichés,colloquialisms Syntax/orthography Useofcontractions,ellipses Certainconstructionsmaybemoreorlessformal Phonology Accent Pragmatics Precisionmoreorlesstolerated Useofpronounsanddeicticreference Paralinguisticfeatures Intonation Pitchandvolume*FormalityScale Quirketal.(1965)suggestascaleof“Attitudes”(tenor): Veryformal,Frozen,Rigid FORMAL Neutral INFORMAL Veryinformal,Casual,Familiar* Mybelovedparenthasjustpassedtohisheavenlyreward. Mydearfatherhasjustexpired. Mydearfatherhasjustdied. Mydadhasdied. Myoldmanjustkickedthebucket.**Thankyou!*