考研考博-英语-潍坊科技学院考试押题卷含答案详解版

山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-潍坊科技学院考试押卷含详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题Theheatinsummerisnoless（）hereinthismountainregion.问题1选项A.concentratedB.extensiveC.intenseD.intensive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concentrated“集中的；浓缩的；全神贯注的”；B选项extensive“广泛的；大量的；广阔的”；C选项intense“强烈的；紧张的；非常的；热情的”；D选项intensive“加强的；集中的”。由本句主语“Theheatinsummer”（夏天的炎热）后接noless（不相上下）可知此处的意思应与强烈的对应，示夏天的炎热程度。句意：在这片山区，夏季的酷暑同样强烈。因此C选项正确。2.单选题Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent,herbookdoesnotridiculeallpredictionsofdoombutratherclaimsthattherisksofharmhaveinmanycasesbeen（ ）.问题1选项A.exaggeratedB.deridedC.ignoredD.scrutinized【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。通过Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent可知这里驳斥的是environmentalcatastropheisimminent，所以对下文claim的内容应该与这个相反：即认为环境灾难并没有临近，这些风险只是被夸大了。exaggerat夸张；deride嘲笑；ignore忽视；scrutinize详细检查。句意：在对环境灾难临近的观点进行驳斥的过程中，她的作品并没有嘲笑所有的厄运预测，而是指出灾害的风险在许多情况下被夸大了。3.单选题Theusualdistinctionsbetween“basicresearch”,“appliedresearch”,and“development”,usedformanyyearsintheformalgovernmentstatisticskeptbytheNationalScienceFoundationare,unfortunatelyinsufficientfordiscussionsofpolicyforgovernmentinvestmentintechnicalactivities.Indeed,definitionsarethesourceofmuchoftheconfusionovertheappropriateroleforgovernmentinthenationalscientificandtechnicalenterprise.Onecannotdistinguishinanymeaningfulway“basic”from“appliedresearch”byobservingwhatascientistisdoing.“Appliedresearch”shouldnotbeusedtomean“purposefulanddemonstrablyusefulbasicresearch,”andoneshouldbewaryoftheuseofthetermingovernmentstatistics.Incorporateresearchlaboratories,suchastheTJ.WatsonResearchLaboratoriesofIBM,alloftheworkisreferredtosimplyas“research.”Thereisnoneedtoattemptadistinctionbetween“basic”and“applied”research.Allofthecompany’sresearchinvestmentsaremotivatedbycorporateinterests.Alloftheresearchhasapurpose.Allofitisconductedunderhighlycreativeconditions.Noneofitisso“pure”thattherearenoexpectationsofvaluefromtheresearchinvestment.Weshouldreservethewords“appliedresearch”forthosenarrowly-definedtasksinwhichlimitedtimeandresourcesaredevotedtoaspecificproblemforanidentifieduserwhogetsallthebenefitandshouldpayallthecosts.Tomakethisviewofappliedresearchclearinthisdiscussion,Iusethewords“problem-solvingresearch”instead.Narrowproblem-solvinganddevelopmentareactivitiesinitiatedbysomeonewhowishestoapplyresearchmethodspurposefullytoexploitanidentifiedopportunityorsolveaproblem.Theyinvolvetheapplicationoftechnicalresourcestoachieveanidentifiedgoalforaspecifiedbeneficiary,usuallytheinvestorinthework.Itisareasonableassumptionthatthosewhoengageinsuchactivitiesexpecttobenefitfromthem,andtobenefitbyasufficientmarginoverthecosttoaccommodatethetechnicalriskthatisever-presentinresearch.Theinvestorinproblem-solvingmaybeagovernmentagency,butismorelikelytobeaprivatefirm.Inmostcasesthatfirmwouldbeexpectedtobeabletoappropriatesufficientbenefitstoneednogovernmentsubsidytotakethoserisks.Publicinvestmentinthecreationofnewtechnology(technologicaldevelopment,whetherbyresearchorasaproductofproblem-solving)isacriticallinkbetweenidthescientificresearchthatispursuedbyvirtueofsociety’scommitmenttothosegoals.Thusthedesirefortechnologyisanimportant-perhapsthemostimportant-sourceofdemandforscience.1.Accordingtotheauthor,thedistinctionbetweenBasicandappliedresearchesingovernmentdocumentsis______.2.Adisturbingresultofthedefinitionsofnatureofresearchingovernmentstatisticsisthat______.3.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthatbasicresearchischaracterizedby______.4.The“appliedresearch”astheauthorunderstandsitisbestdefinedintermsof______.5.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwithdefiningtheroleof______.问题1选项A.theoreticallyunjustifiableB.obscureandmisleadingC.scientificbutinsufficientD.meaningfulthoughconfusing问题2选项A.theroleofgovernmentinfundingresearchactivitiesispoorlydefinedB.scientistsarenotsurewhetherwhattheyaredoingismeaningfulC.thegoalsofbothbasicandappliedresearchesarenotrationallysetD.researchincorporatesettingsisnotpurposefulordemonstrablyuseful问题3选项A.lesscreativityB.highermotivationC.lackofimmediatevalueD.insufficientinvestment问题4选项A.thegoalitservesandtheproblemitsolvesB.thepartythatsponsorsandbenefitsfromitC.thecostandrisksinvolvedinsuchresearchD.bothAandB问题5选项A.appliedresearchinthecreationofnewtechnologyB.basicresearchinthecreationofnewtechnologyC.privatefirmsinrefundingproblem-solvingresearchD.governmentinthecreationofnewtechnology【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Theusualdistinctionsbetween‘basicresearch,’‘appliedresearch,’and‘development’,usedformanyyearsintheformalgovernmentstatisticskeptbytheNationalScienceFoundationare,unfortunatelyinsufficientfordiscussionsofpolicyforgovernmentinvestmentintechnicalactivities.Indeed,definitionsarethesourceofmuchoftheconfusionovertheappropriateroleforgovernmentinthenationalscientificandtechnicalenterprise.（对‘基础研究’和‘应用研究’与‘发展’这些词语的基本区分，在国家科学基金会记录的正式的政府数据中已经沿用多年，不幸的是，在讨论政府对技术活动的投资政策时，这些区分显得很不足。的确，在讨论政府在国家科技事业中的合理角色时，对这些词语的界定引起很多混乱。）”，由此可知“基础研究”和“应用研究”的区别定义不够清楚，且会引起误导，所以B选项“模糊和误导性的”符合题意。A选项“理论上不合理的”；C选项“科学但不充分的”；D选项“有意义但令人困惑的”。因此B选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Indeed,definitionsarethesourceofmuchoftheconfusionovertheappropriateroleforgovernmentinthenationalscientificandtechnicalenterprise.（的确，在讨论政府在国家科技事业中的合理角色时，对这些词语的界定引起很多混乱。）”，由此可知政府在资助研究活动中的角色定义不明确是导致不安结果的原因，所以A选项“政府在资助研究活动中的角色定义不明确”符合题意。B选项“科学家不确定他们正在做的事情是否有意义”；C选项“基础研究和应用研究的目标设置不合理”；D选项“在公司背景下的研究是没有目的的，也没有明显的用处”。因此A选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章二段“Alloftheresearchhasapurpose.Allofitisconductedunderhighlycreativeconditions.Noneofitisso‘pure’thattherearenoexpectationsofvaluefromtheresearchinvestment.（所有的研究都有一个目的。所有这些都是在高度创造性的条件下进行的。哪项研究都不是那么‘纯粹’，以至于研究的投资者不指望它有任何价值。）”，由此可推测，基础研究（即所谓的纯科学研究）不在于满足某些人的功利需求，也不在于满足一个短期的价值预期，所以C选项“缺乏直接价值”符合题意。A选项“更少的创造力”；B选项“更高的动机”；D选项“投资不足”。因此C选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Weshouldreservethewords‘appliedresearch’forthosenarrowly-definedtasksinwhichlimitedtimeandresourcesaredevotedtoaspecificproblemforanidentifieduserwhogetsallthebenefitandshouldpayallthecosts.Tomakethisviewofappliedresearchclearinthisdiscussion,Iusethewords‘problem-solvingresearch’instead.（我们应该把‘应用研究’这个词保留在那些狭义的定义上，即‘应用研究’指在有限时间内利用有限资源为某个特定使用者完成某个特定任务，作为受益者的使用者获得全部利益，并支付所有研究成本。为了在这次讨论中明确应用研究的观点，我使用了‘以解决问题为目的的研究’这个词。）”，作者称之为“以解决问题为目的的研究”这个定义，以及下一段对这个定义的进一步解释，强调了研究的目的性，当然也强调了解决问题，因此A选项“它服务的目标和它解决的问题”表达的意思是正确的。同时，这个定义也强调了受益者（=投资者），因此B选项“赞助并从中受益的一方”也是正确的。C选项“这种研究涉及的成本和风险”没有提及，所以D选项正确。5.主旨大意题。第一段前两句实际上表达了本文的主旨。“应用研究”的定义也是为了澄清概念，说明政府在研究中的作用。因此最后一段再次指出“Publicinvestmentinthecreationofnewtechnology(technologicaldevelopment,whetherbyresearchorasaproductofproblem-solving)isacriticallinkbetweenidthescientificresearchthatispursuedbyvirtueofsociety’scommitmenttothosegoals.Thusthedesirefortechnologyisanimportant-perhapsthemostimportant-sourceofdemandforscience.对新技术创新进行公共投资（区别于上面提到的私人和公司投资，所谓‘公共的’根据上下文实际上指‘政府的’）是一个关键环节，将社会目标和为追求这些社会目标所做的科学研究联系在一起。因此，对技术的追求是对科学的追求的一个重要——也许是最重要的源泉。”最后一句实际上又强调了应用研究和基础研究的关系。可见，本文的主要意图是如何解决政府在“应用研究”和“基础研究”中的作用，所以D选项“政府在创造新技术上的支持”符合题意。A选项“新技术创造中的应用研究”；B选项“创造新技术的基础研究”；C选项“私营企业资助问题解决研究”。因此D选项正确。4.单选题Itisnoticedthattherehadaperceptiblechangeinhisbehaviorlately.问题1选项A.pessimisticB.perceivableC.persistentD.perpetual【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。句意:值得注意的是，最近他的行为出现明显变化。pessimistic:悲观的。perceivable:可感知的。persistent:执着的，坚持的。perpetual:永久的，不断的。perceptible:可察觉的，可感知的,看得出的。故B符合句意。5.单选题15.问题1选项A.Chemotherapy.B.Radiation.C.Injections.D.Surgery.【答案】C【解析】W:Whatdoyouknowabouttreatmentsofcancer?M:Chemotherapy.Buttheatmakesyourhairfallout,doesn’tit?W:Yes,therearesomeunpleasantside-effects.I’mnotsureweneedtoconsiderthatatthisstage.Weshouldseewhetheraseriesofinjectionwillhelp.Q:Whattreatmentwillthemanprobablyreceivefirst?【解析】对话中女士说要先看看药物注射是否有效，患者的状况还不到进行化疗的程度。6.单选题BecausewehadeatenturkeyonThanksgivingforsomanyyears,wewonderedwhethersomeotherdishmightbeanequallytasty______.问题1选项A.alternativeB.alternationC.altercationD.allusion【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项alternative“二中择一；供替代的选择；替代品”；B选项alternation“交替，轮流，间隔”；C选项altercation“争论；争吵；争辩；口角”；D选项allusion“典故；暗指；提及；故事”。句意：由于这么多年来我们在感恩节时都吃火鸡，我们从未想过是否其他的饭菜会成为同样可口的替代。因此A选项正确。7.单选题Ifyouthinkyoucandomyjobbetterthanican,youarewelcometo（）.问题1选项A.takeitdownB.takeitupC.takeitoverD.takeitin【答案】C【解析】takedown指记录；takeup指从事；takeover指接管；takein指理解。句意：如果你觉得能比我做得好,欢迎替我来做。选项C符合句意。8.单选题HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplaytheirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“iswheremytwofeetstand.”1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey（ ）.2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT（ ）.  3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof（ ）.问题1选项A.areengagedintraditionalcraftsB.callthemselvesRomaC.liveunderaclansystemD.faceexternalthreats问题2选项A.theEgyptiansB.thestateC.thechurchD.theNazis问题3选项A.languageB.cultureC.identityD.custom【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。题干“Gypsiesareunitedonlywhen”提供了重要信息，表明吉普赛人平时是并不会联合在一起，是个分散的民族。第一段倒数第三句中说到“onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies只有在面对来自非吉普赛人的敌意时才真正团结起来”，由此可知使吉普赛人团结起来的是外人的敌意。因此D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。2.判断推理题。本题需要从欧洲对吉普赛人的种种迫害行为中作排除法。第二段提到“withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism教会在他们的算命中看到异端邪说，国家在他们的游牧中看到反社会行为”以及“InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria在更近的时期，吉普赛人陷入了纳粹种族狂热中”。因此教会、国家和纳粹都对吉普赛人进行了迫害，A选项“埃及人”符合题意。3.判断推理题。本题需要找出吉普赛人与犹太人的区别。最后一段最后两居中说到了两个种族的比较“WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.除了极少数的例外，吉普赛人并没有表现出想要一个国家成为自己国家的强烈愿望——不像犹太人，吉普赛人的经历经常被拿来与犹太人作比较。”可知吉普赛人与犹太人的最大区别在于建立国家的愿望是否强烈，吉普赛人对自己身份的认同性不如犹太人高。C选项正确。9.翻译题美国人崇尚公平，即平等待人，不偏不倚。他们相信机会均等，法律面前人人平等，也就是说，不管社会地位和经济状况如何，人人都能得到公正。然而，尽管多数美国人声称，他们信奉宽大为怀以及民主的理想，妇女和少数民族的维权行动仍然面临巨大的障碍，虽然在过去的五十年里取得了一些进步。【答案】答：TheAmericansadmirefair,thatis,equalityandimpartiality.Theybelievedinequalopportunityandequalitybeforethelaw.Thatmeans,regardlessofsocialstatusoreconomicconditions,everyoneshallbefairlytreated.YetdespitetheidealsofleniencyanddemocracythatmostAmericansprofesstoembrace,thewomenandminoritiesstillfacehugeobstaclesintheiractivitiesforprotectingtheirrights.Butsomeprogresshasbeenmadeinthepast50years.10.单选题TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.问题1选项A.arisenfromB.contributedtoC.patchedupD.participatedin【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A.arisenfrom由……引起，起因于•B.contributedto导致C.patchedup平息（争吵）；修补（关系）D.participatedin参与【考查点】词组辨析【解题思路】划线词前文是“美国内战（TheAmericanCivilWar）”，后文是“关于奴隶制的分歧（differencesoverslavery）”。根据历史常识可知，美国内战是由南北政府关于奴隶制的分歧造成的，原文使用的是主动语态，因此，A选项“由……引起，起因于”符合前后逻辑。原文stemmedfrom“起源于”。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文逻辑。【句意】美国内战被认为源于对奴隶制的分歧。11.单选题Sincethetwopartiescouldn't（ ）theirdifferences,theydecidedtostoptheirnegotiations.问题1选项A.rectifyB.reconcileC.obligeD.obscure【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。rectify意为“改正，校正”；reconcile意为“使和好，使和解，妥协”；oblige意为“强制，强迫”；obscure意为“费解的，难以理解的”。句意：因为两党不能就分歧达成一致，他们决定停止谈判。12.单选题Theswimmingpoolisthechildren’sfavorite（ ）inthesummer.问题1选项A.cradleB.hauntC.headingD.hedge【答案】B【解析】cradle摇篮,发源地；haunt常去的地方；heading标题；hedge树篱,障碍。句意:游泳池是孩子们夏天最爱去的地方。选项B符合句意。13.翻译题英语现在是60多个国家使用的官方或半官方语言。他是书报出版、科学技术，广告和通俗音乐、计算机信息存储所使用的主要国际语言。今天有4亿多以英语为母语，另外大约有4亿人使用英语作为第二语言，至少还有5亿人把英语作为外语使用。【答案】Englishisnowtheofficialorhalf-officiallanguageinmorethan60countries.Itistheimportantinternationallanguageusedinpublication,scientifictechnology,advertising,popularmusicandstorageofcomputerinformation.Nowadays,morethan400,000,000peopleuseEnglishastheirmothertongue,whileanother400,000,000useitastheirsecondlanguage,with500,000,000peopleusingitasaforeignlanguage.  14.单选题TheAmericansocietyislaidonanexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresources,whichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.问题1选项A.establishedonB.affiliatedonC.originatedfromD.incorporatedwith【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。belaidon意为“被放置在……上面”；beestablishedon意为“被建立在……上面”；没有beaffiliatedon这样的搭配，affiliate意为“使隶属，加入”；beoriginatedfrom意为“源自于”；beincorporatedwith意为“与……合并”。句意：美国社会建立在一个自然资源极其不稳定的基础上，这可能与环境的恶化有关。15.问答题Manypeopleare(A)naturallydistrustfulofambition,feelingthatitrepresents(B)somethingintractableinhumannature.ThusJohnDeanentitledhisbookabouthisinvolvementintheWatergateaffairduringtheNixonadministrationBlindAmbition,asifambition(C)weretobeblamedforhisignobleactions,andnottheconstellationofqualitiesthat(D)makeuphisrathershabbycharacter.【答案】C；改成weretoblameforhisignobleactions.toblame用主动形式表被动意义。16.单选题Nowadaysalargenumberofpeoplebuy______Christmastreesinsteadofrealones.问题1选项A.falseB.fakeC.shamD.artificial【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项false“错误的”，指因缺失而补上的替代物，有时也指伪装的；B选项fake“假的”，指没有价值的冒牌货或代用品；C选项sham“假装的”，指可以以假乱真的东西；D选项artificial“仿造的”，指模仿天然材料由人工制造的东西。句意：现在很多人买人造圣诞树而不是真的圣诞树。本句表示人造的圣诞树。因此D选项正确。17.单选题 DavidCameronputBritain’sfuture（ ）,inanaudaciousgamblethatunitedhisConservativePartybutwhichcouldhaveprofoundimplicationsforthepartyandthecountry.问题1选项A.inlineB.inthelineC.onlineD.ontheline【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。inline“成一排”；intheline“在列队中”；online“在线的”；ontheline“处于危险中”。句意：戴维•卡梅伦将英国的未来置于危险中，在一场无畏的赌博中，将保守党统一在一起，却能给保守党个整个国家带来意义深远的影响。选项D符合题意。18.单选题 SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindof,zooorwildlife（）forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conservation“保存；保护”；maintenance“维护；维修”；storage“存储；仓库”；reserve“存储；自然保护区”，根据句子结构可知此处的名词与wildlife一起同zoo构成并列成分，根据后句中的allowanimalstodevelopnaturally“允许动物自然生长”，可知此处应该选择名词reserve,wildlifereserve是“野生动物保护区”的意思。句意：一些科学家表示地球就像宇宙智能生物的动物园或者野生动物……，正如我们在地球上设立荒野地带，允许在我们的观察下让动物自然生长。故正确答案为选项D。19.单选题Withthissensitivemachine,wecanfindthe（ ）ofamilligramofaspirininanOlympic-sizeswimmingpool.问题1选项A.counterpartB.equivalentC.averageD.installation【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。A选项counterpart“对应的事物，副本”;B选项equivalent“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的”；C选项average“平均数，平均水平”；D选项installation“安装，就职”。题目强调的是与游泳池中的一毫克的阿司匹林相等重量的物质，所以B选项。20.翻译题电阻越大，其消耗（dissipate）的能量（energy）就越多。【答案】Thegreatertheresistanceis,themoreenergyitdissipates.21.翻译题TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.（1）孔子被中国各阶层的民众所铭记的原因有很多，其中一个最主要的因素就是孔子所倡导的教育方法—通过提问引导学生思考。他还坚持教育中最重要的是人格的塑造。从后人叙述的关于孔子的故事可知，他所倡导的是因材施教。（2）多年来，中国共产党和中国政府从基本国情出发，把人民的生存权、发展权放在首位，致力于减贫脱贫，努力保障和改善民生，发展各项社会事业，使发展成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民，保障人民平等参与、平等发展的权利。（3）最近的争论是关于修改欧盟的宪章问题。欧盟明年要增加十个成员国，需要有新的宪章来自我约束。因此各国政府正在构思修订有关外交事务、税收、政治避难和司法政策等问题的法规，并赋予欧洲议会更多的权利。【答案】（1）TherearemanyreasonswhyConfuciuscanberememberedbyChinesepeoplefromallwalksoflife,oneofthemostimportantfactorsisthemethodofeducationadvocatedbyhim—toguidestudentstoponderbyaskingquestions.Moreover,heinsistedthattheshapingofpersonalitywasthemostimportantthingineducationalactivity.ThestoriesaboutConfuciustoldbylatergenerationsshownthatheproposedteachstudentsinaccordanceoftheiraptitude.（2）Overtheyears,basedontheprevailingnationalconditions,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)andtheChinesegovernmenthaveremainedcommittedtoadevelopmentconceptthatputspeople’srighttosubsistenceandtodevelopmentfirst.Committedtoreducingandeliminatingpoverty,Chinahasendeavoredtoguaranteeandimprovepeople’swell-being,anddevelopedafullrangeofsocialundertakings,soastoensurethattheresultsofdevelopmentbenefitallthepeopleinafairerway,andthatallenjoytherightstoequalparticipationandequaldevelopment.（3）TherecentdebatewasaboutmodifyingEUCharter.NextyearEUwillhavetenmemberstatesaddedtoitandneedanewChartertorestrainitself.Thus,eachmemberstateofEUisnowthinkingabouthowtorevisethelawsandregulationsconcerningforeignaffairs,taxation,politicalasylum,judicialpoliciesandsonon,andgiveEuropeanParliamentmorerights.22.单选题Werealizedthathewasundergreat（）,sowetooknonoticeofhisbadtemper.问题1选项A.excitementB.stressC.crisisD.nervousness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项excitement“兴奋”；B选项stress“压力”；C选项crisis“危机”；D选项nervousness“紧张”。句意：我们知道他压力很大，所以我们没在意他的坏脾气。A，C，D都不能与under搭配，只有undergreatstress为固定搭配，表示“在巨大的压力下”。因此B选项正确。23.单选题 Fatherdoesnotlike（ ）meat.  问题1选项A.leanB.slimC.skinnyD.slender【答案】A【解析】根据句意：父亲不喜欢瘦肉。只有选项A能与meat搭配，其他选项只能修饰人。24.单选题Bysigningtheleasewemadea（ ）topayarentof$200aweek.问题1选项A.conceptionB.commissionC.commitmentD.confinement【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项conception“概念，设想”；B选项commission“委员会；佣金”；C选项commitment“承诺，保证”；D选项confinement“限制，监禁”。句意：通过签订租约，我们承诺每周支付200美元的租金。选项C符合句意。25.单选题Intheendthelittleboywenttoschoolwithoutsomucha________ofprotest.问题1选项A.whimperB.whimC.whirlD.whistle【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“whimper”，意为“抽泣，吹口哨”；B选项“whim”，意为“心血来潮，突发奇想”，C选项“whirl”，意为“旋转，回转”，D选项“whistle”，意为“口哨，汽笛声”。句意：最后，小男孩去上学了，并没有多少抗议的念头。因此，B选项符合题意。26.单选题Don’t（meddle）inmyaffairs,andinfactIcanhandlethemproperlybymyself.问题1选项A.interfereB.interestC.involveD.attend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。meddle表示“干涉，管闲事”；A项interfere“干涉，妨碍”，B项interest“感兴趣”，C项involve“包含，牵涉”，D项attend“参加”。句意：不要干涉我的事情，事实上我自己能处理得很好。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。27.单选题'Whyarehumanssosmart?”isaquestionthatfascinatesscientists.TadeuszKawecki,aBiologistattheUniversityofFribourg,likestoturnaroundthequestion.“It’ssopicattobesmart.”Dr.Kaweckiasks"Whyhavemostanimalsremaineddumb?”Drkaweckiandlike-mindedscientistsaretryingtofigureoutwhyanimalslearnandwhysomehaveevolvedtobebetteratlearningthanothers.Onereasonforthedifference,theirresearchfinds,isthatbeingsmartcanbebadforananimal’shealth.Learningisremarkablywidespreadintheanimalkingdom.Thewormsarenotbornwithaninnateaversiontothedangerousbacteria.Theyneedtimetolearntotellthedifferenceandavoidbecomingsick.Dr.Dukashypothesizesthatanyanimalwithanervoussystemcanlearn,evenincaseswherescientistshavefailedtodocumentlearninginaspecies,hethinkstheyshouldnotbetooquicktoruleitout.”IsitbecausePmnotagoodteacherorbecausetheanimaldoesn’tlearn?”Dr.Dukasasked.Althoughlearningmaybewidespreadamonganimals,Dr.Dukaswonderswhytheybotheredtoevolveitinthefirstplace.“Youcannotjustsaythatlearningisanadaptationtoachangingenvironment，’’hesaid.Itispossibletoadapttoachangingenvironmentwithoutusinganervoussystemtolearn.Bacteriacanalterbehaviortohelptheirsurvival.Ifamicrobesensesatoxin,itcanswimaway.Ifitsensesanewfood,itcanswitchgenesonandofftoalteritsmetabolism.Learningalsoturnsouttohavedangeroussideeffectsthatmakeitsevolutionevenmorepuzzling.Dr.Kaweckiandhiscolleagueshaveproducedstrikingevidenceforthesesideeffectsbystudyingfliesastheyevolveintobetterlearnersinthelab.Dr.Kaweoklsuspectsthateachspeciesevolvesuntilitreachesanequilibriumbetweenthecostsandbenefitsoflearning.Hisexperimentsdemonstratethatfliesh