现代物流概论双语PPT课件

LiuJinpingTransportationManagementCollegeDalianMaritimeUniversityEmail:tojinping2000@126.comOffice:文科楼581AnIntroductiontoContemporaryLogistics---LogisticsSystem(Lec.1.5)OutlineTermsLogisticsandSystemsAnalysisApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsMainreference:Chapter2p59-p72TermsAsetofinteractingelements,variables,parts,orobjectsthatarefunctionallyrelatedtoeachotherandform系统是由一组相互关联,功能相关的要素、变量、部件,物体组成的统一整体.Whatisasystem?acoherentgroup.TermsAdecision-makingstrategythatemphasizesoverallsystemefficiencyratherthantheefficiencyoftheindividualpartofthesystem.WhatisSystemsConcept?系统概念是强调整体有效性而非强调系统的个体的有效性的一种决策方法.Terms物流系统是指在一定的空间和时间里，物流活动所需的机械、设备、工具、节点、线路等物质资料要素相互联系、相互制约的有机整体。它是由物流各要素所组成的，要素之间存在有机联系并具有使物流总体合理化功能的综合体；是社会经济大系统的一个子系统或组成部分。WhatisLogisticsSystem?ManagementactionsPlanningImplementationControlRawmaterialsFinishedgoodsNaturalresourcesHumanresourcesFinancialresourcesInformationresourcesTimeandplaceutilityEfficientmovementtocustomerProprietaryassetCompetitiveadvantageLogisticsmanagementSuppliersCustomersInputsoflogisticssystemOutputsofLogisticssystemCustomerserviceDemandforecastingInventorymanagementLogisticscommunicationsMaterialhandlingOrderprocessingPartsandservicesupportPlant/warehousesiteselectionProcurementPackagingReverselogisticsTrafficandtransportationWarehousingandstorageLogisticsactivitiesWorkin-processSource:StrategicLogisticsmanagementJAMESR.STOCKDOUGLASM.LAMBERTElementsofLogisticsSystem(frameworkoflogisticsmanagement)ElementsofLogisticsSystem流动要素：7要素（流体、载体、流向、流量、流程、流速、流效）资源要素：载体（运输、储存、装卸搬运、流通加工、信息处理）网络要素：点、线功能要素：储存（仓储管理、库存控制）、运输（干线运输、短途配送）、包装（分装、集并）、装卸搬运、流通加工、信息处理、增值服务管理要素：人、财、物；技术、信息、管理来源：何明珂《物流系统论》ElementsofLogisticsSystemOutlineTermsLogisticsandSystemsAnalysisApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsLogisticsandSystemsAnalysisExampleChoosethetransportationmodefromSuzhou(acosmeticsfactory)toDalian(regionaldistributioncenter)forthecompany.BywaterByairThetransportationdecisionsshouldbecoordinatedwithrelatedareassuchasinventory,warehousing,packagingormarketing,production,financeect.,tooptimzietheoverallsystem.CostPerspectiveLevelofOptimalityLogisticsandSystemsAnalysisCostPerspective（成本观念）LevelofOptimality（最优化等级）SystemconceptinbusinesssystemLogisticsandSystemsAnalysisCostPerspectivethemostefficientsystemsarenotalwayscomprisedofeachsystemcomponentoperatingatitslowestpossiblecost.Thecriticalconcernistohavetheentiresystemoperatingatitslowesttotalcost.LogisticsandSystemsAnalysisWhatisOptimization?（优化）Maximizationorminimization(最大化或最小化)Theprocessofmakingsomethingasgoodoraseffectiveaspossiblewithgivenresourcesandconstraints(限制).e.g.deliverytimes,minimumproductioncapacity,financiallimitsLogisticsandSystemsAnalysisLevelofOptimality4levelsofoptimalityWithinlogisticscomponentsBetweenlogisticscomponentsBetweencompanyfunctionsBetweenthecompanyandexternalorganizationSystemsAnalysis--LevelsofOptimalityLevel1OrganizationoptimizationLevel2SupplychainoptimizationLevel3EnvironmentEconomyOutlineTermsLogisticsandSystemsAnalysisApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsYouareemployedbyabeermanufacturerwhohasanationaldistributionsystem.Yourbosstellsyoutoanalyzetheircurrentlogisticssystem.Whatdoyouplantodo?Whatdataareyouplanningtocollect?ApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsNodesversusLinksCostCentersMaterialsManagementv.PhysicalDistributionLogisticsChannelApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsTheprocessrelatedtothemovementandstorageofproductsfromtheendoftheproductionlinetotheenduser.MaterialsManagementv.PhysicalDistributionMaterialsManagementv.PhysicalDistributionMaterialmanagement(inboundlogistics)Themovementandstorageofmaterialsfromsuppliersandvendorsintoproductionprocesses.Physicaldistribution(outboundlogistics)FinishedproductsRawMaterials,Subassembles,PartsApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsBalancedsystem(平衡系统)-e.g.,consumerproductsHeavyinbound(偏进货型)-e.g.,aircraft,constructionHeavyoutbound(偏出货型)-e.g.,chemicalsReversesystems(逆向系统)-e.g.,returnableproductsMaterialsManagementv.PhysicalDistribution4differentclassificationsoflogisticssystemsApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsCostCentersTotalLogisticscost　（物流总成本）Costtrade-offs(成本背反原理）ApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsCostCentersTotalLogisticscost　（物流总成本）Trunkingcost(primarydelivery,初级配送)Localdeliverycosts(secondarydelivery,二级配送)Orderprocessingcosts(informationsystemcost)InventoryholdingcostsWarehousing/storagecostsApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsTheinterrelationshipamongsystemvariablesindicatesthatachangeinonevariablehascostimpactuponothervariables.CostCentersCosttrade-off(成本悖反原理）e.g.,…..TotalCostsofADistributionNetworkOrderprocessingcostsLocaldeliverycostsStoragecostsInventorycostsTrunkingcostsTotaldistributioncostCostsNumberofdepotsOptimalNumberofWarehouses12345TotalCostsofADistributionNetworkCostCentersSystem1System23Warehouses5WarehousesTransportation$850,000$500,000Inventory1,500,0002,000,000Warehousing600,0001,000,000CostofLostSales350,000100,000TotalCost$3,300,000$3,600,000AChangetotheNumberofWarehousesTotalCostsofADistributionNetworkCostCentersRailMotorTransportation$3.00$4.20Inventory5.003.75Packaging4.503.20Warehousing1.50.75CostofLostSales2.001.00TotalCost$15.00$13.00AChangetoModeofTransportApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsNodesversusLinksNodesarespatialpoints节或节点:warehouses,plants,etc.Linksarethetransportationnetwork连线或链:rail,motor,air,pipeandwater(n.空间的)Logisticsnodesandlinksmanufacturingcentersassemblingcenters（安装中心）warehousesdistributioncenters(配送中心）Cross-dockingpoints（直接换装或越库储存）transportationterminalsretailoutlets（零售销售点)mailsortingcenters（信件拣选中心）garbageincinerators（垃圾焚烧点）…truckscarstrainsAirplanesshippipe…Nodes(物流节点)linkedbytransportationservices(links，物流连线）ApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsWherearethosenodes?Distancebetweennodes?ModeoflinksProductflow(incubicorweight,unitload)inoneperiod(Weekormonth)NodesversusLinksmostlyusedwhenlong-runlogisticssystemdesignsRetailerPlantWarehouseRetailerWarehouseNodeNodeNodeNodeNodeLinkLinkLinkLinkLinkNodesandLinksinaLogisticsSystemApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsinwhichparticipantsengagedinstorage,handling,transfer,transportation,andcommunicationsfunctionsthatcontributetotheefficientflowofgoods.LogisticsChannelThenetworkofintermediaries(n.中介,中间商)involvedinthelogisticssystem.ASimpleLogisticsChannelAMulti-EchelonLogisticsChanneln.梯形,梯阵AComplexLogisticsChannelQuickReviewKeytermssystemsystemconceptsLogisticsandsystemanalysisCostPerspectiveLevelsofOptimalityApproachestoAnalyzingLogisticsSystemsMaterialsManagementv.PhysicalDistributionCostCentersNodesversusLinksLogisticsChannel