Us-and-china-political-system中美政治体制对比英文

UsandchinapoliticalsystemDifferencebetweenUnitedStatesofAmericaPoliticalSystemandChinaIntroductionUnitedStatesofAmerica'sBackgroundTheUnitedStatesofAmericaisacompositionof48statesthatmakesthecountry;UnitedStates.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaislocatedonNorthAmericabetweenCanadaandMexico.TheUnitedStatesalsohascontroloveranumberofislandsintheCaribbeanandthePacific.TheUnitedStatesinthethirdlargestnationintheworldbehindRussiaandCanada.Ithasanareaof9,629,091squarekilometers.ItsharesitsboarderswithMexico,Canada,theAtlanticOceantheCaribbeanSeaandthePacificOcean.ThecapitalcityofUSAisWashingtonD.C,locatedontheeastcoastalmostmidwaybetweenFloridaandMaine.ItslargestcityisNewYorkfollowedbyLosAngelsandChicago.ByJuly2000thepopulationofUSAwasestimatedtobe275,562,673people.Ithasoneofthemostdiversepopulationsintheworld(EncyclopediaofNations:UnitedStates1).People'sRepublicofChina'sBackgroundChinaislocatedintheeastofAsiaandonthewestcoastofthePacificOcean,onthesoutheasternpartofEurasiancontinent,borderingtheEastChinaSea,theKoreanBay,SouthChinaSea,andtheYellowSea.It'sinbetweentheVietnamandthenorthernKorea.Theborderingcountriesinclude:Bhutan,Afghanistan,Burma,India,Kyrgyzstan,NorthKorea,Kazakhstan,Laos,Russia,Pakistan,Nepal,Mongolia,Vietnam,andTajikistan.Thesizeofthecountryis9,596,960squarekilometersbeingthefourthlargestcountrybehind,Russia,CanadaandUnitedStates.Itisdividedinto22provinces,2specialadministrationregions(HongKongandMacau),4municipalities,and5autonomousregions.ThecapitalcityofChinaisBeijing;aculturalandeducationalcenterforChina.Thepopulationofchinawas1,262MillionbyJuly2000.Ithasapopulationof56ethnicgroups.Itbecameacommunistnationin1949(EncyclopediaofNations:China1).UnitedStatesPresidency:TheUnitedStatesofAmericahappentobeamongtheyoungestcountriesintheworldneverthelesshavingtheworld'soldestconstitutionaswellaspoliticalwisdomofitsfoundingfathers.TheAmericangovernmentfunctionsfairlywellwithintheframeworkoftheconstitution.Theconstitutionmanagestocommandagreatdegreeofloyaltyfromthenation'sgeneralpublic.OneofthesinglemostdistinctivefeaturesofthenationalgovernmentintheUSAisthepresidencyinwhichthepresidentispopularlyelected.TheUnitedStatespresidencyhastwobasiccomponents:inthefirstplaceit'sareflectionofthosepeoplewhohaveheldthepresidentofficeaswellastheprecedenttheyhaveestablished.Inthispresidencytheauthorityofthegovernmentisdividedandlimited.ManyofthethingsthatthepresidentcandodependonthecooperationofthecongressandtheapprovalSupremeCourt.Heisalsolimitedbecausetherearemanyotherthingsthathecannotdo.Hehasnocontroloverthedecisionsandproceduresofthecongress,theSupremeCourtorthefiftystates(EncyclopediaofNations:USA1).Thepresidentistheheadofthestate:theceremonialheadofthegovernment.Hegrantspardon,holdsstatesdinnersandreceivesambassadors.Heisthechiefexecutiveofthecountry.Hehastheexecutivepowers,hencetakescareofthelawofthecountry.Hepreparersthecountry'sannualbudgetandsetrulesforcivilservice.Hehasthepowerofappointingandremovingandhastooverseethegoodrunningoftheadministration.Thepresidentisthechiefdiplomat,thoughtheforeignrelationisdividedamongthethreeorgansofgovernment:Congress,President,andtheSenatethatapprovestreaties.Thereisalsothesecretaryofstatewhoisdirectlyasubjecttothepresidencyandcanholdthepresidencyofficeatpleasure.Thepresidentisthecommanderinchiefofthearmedforces.Hemakesallthemajordecisionsofstrategyandmobilizestheeconomyfortoptimumproduction.Hecanappointanddischargeallmakersofpoliciesinthedefensedepartment.Thepresidentservesforatermoffouryearsandcannotserveformorethantwoterms(EncyclopediaofNations:USA1).ChinaThepoliticalsystemofChinahasbeenoperationalsinceitsestablishmentfor50years.Inthatperiodtherehasbeenruinsofbuildingsaswellasjoyofvictories,rapidadvanceinsuccessaswellaspride,tortuousordealsandlesionsfrommistakesdoneaswellasdeepreflections(EncyclopediaofNations:China1).China'sPresidencyThechairmantothePeople'sRepublicofChinaisidentifiedasthecountry'simportantcomponentoflivinginthesummitwhichisthecountry'shigheststateorgan.Thepresidentistheheadofthestate.Thepresidencyisaccordedtoanindividualonthecasesoftheperson'smaturity,andextensiveexperience.Athomeandabroadheenjoyshigherreputationaswellasprestigeofserving.Thepresidencyislimitedtoage.Thepresidentservesforatermoffiveyearsandislimitedtotwoconsecutiveterms.Thepresidenthasarighttoissueorders,issueamnesty,declarewar,appointandremovemembersofthestatecouncil,appointmentandremovalofthePremierofthestatecouncil,andtheVicePremier,theheadsofalltheministriesandcommissions,theStateCouncilors,theSecretaryGeneralandtheAuditGeneral.Theseofficersservesodderfromthestate.Thepresidentheadstheexternalstatesaffairs,abrogates,andratifiesconcludedforeigntreatiesandmeetstheforeignenvoysaccordingtothedecisionoftheNationalPeople'sCongressStandingCommittee(SINACorporation1).AdministrationUnitedStates:TheCongressThecongresshastheresponsibilityofmakinglaws.Itisnationallyagreedthatthechoiceofthecongressisthechoiceofthepeople,andthechoicesultimatelyaremadethatlawsoftheland.Thecongressisbicameralwhichismadeofthehouseofrepresentativewith435membersandasenatewitha100memberstwofromeachstate.Therepresentativesservesfortwoyearsasthesenatorsservesforsixyears(SINACorporation1).StateDepartmentsThePeople'sRepublicofChinaisstipulatedintheconstitutionasbelongingtothepeoplealltherights.ThepeoplehavethemandatetoexercisestatepowersastheorganoftheNationalPeople'sCongress(NPC).NPCisthehighestorganofChinaauthority.Thestateauthoritiesorganizethestheexecutivebody.Theexecutivehastheroleofimplementingthelawsandtheconstitutionandensuringtheenforcementofboth.TheNPCdecideswhoistotakethepremiership,thevicepremier,thestatecouncilorandalltheothercandidates.TheNPChasthepowertoremovethePremieroftheStateCouncilaswellasthestatedepartments.TheNPCexaminesandapprovestheplansandthebudgetthathasbeenpreparedbythestate'scouncil(SINACorporation1).OtherdifferencesTheChinesepoliticalsystemisdominatedbymultipartycooperationaswellaspoliticalconstitutionunderthedirectionoftheCommunistpartyofChina(CPC),buttheUSAisgovernedbythewesternstyleofmultipartysystem.TheCPCrunsthecountrywhiletheothernoncommunistpartiesplaytheroleofparticipatory.Thepeoplecongresseshavearesponsibilityofexercisingthestatepowerinaunifiedwayandtheycreateallthegovernments'courts.TheChinesedeputiescomefromalltheethnicgroupstoensureequitabledistributionunlikeintheUSwheretheycomefromsections(Xinhua1).ConclusionTheUnitedStatesisapresidential,federalrepublic.Itisadministeredunderatwopartysystemeventhoughthisisnotstipulatedintheconstitution.Thepresidentisindependentofthelegislature.ThejudicialpowerisexercisedbythejudiciaryinwhichtheSupremeCourtfallandtheotherlowerfederalcourts.ThejudiciaryinterpretsU.Sconstitution,andalsoresolvesdisputesbetweentheexecutiveandthelegislature.TheU.Spoliticsaredominatedbytwoparties:therepublicanandtheDemocraticParty.OntheotherhandtheChinesepoliticalsystemisrunonthebasisofthesystemofpeople'scongress.Ithasanorganizationalformforthestatepower.TheNPCisthehighestauthorityoftheStatespowerwhilethecongressesarethelocalauthorities.Bothoftheauthoritiesarepeopleelected.Theheadofthestateistheheadofthepeople'srepublicofChina.Hehasdutiesofhandlingthedomesticissuesaswellassomeforeignresponsibilities.Thecivilservantshavetheresponsibilityofinstigatingpowerontheadministrativeorganaswellasexecutionofthelawsandpublicservices.Theareasthatheavilypopulatedwiththeethnicminoritiesaremanagedbyselfgovernmentunderthenationalleadership.Theadministrativestatusoftheseareasisdeterminedbytheirlocationandtheirpopulation.Insomecasethereareestablishedsomespecialadministrativeregionsaredemarcatedwhereneedbe.TheselawsareenactedbytheNPC.Thepoliticalsystemhasthechiefexecutive,theadministrativeorgan,thelegislatureandthejudicialorgan(SINACorporation,2009)WorkscitedEncyclopediaoftheNations:People'sRepublicofChina.RetrievedonDecember2,2010from:http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/China.htmlEncyclopediaoftheNations:UnitedStatesofAmerica.Politics,GovernmentandTaxation.RetrievedonDecember2,2010from:http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/United-States-of-America-POLITICS-GOVERNMENT-AND-TAXATION.htmlSINACooperation:OnDifferencesofPoliticalSystembetweenChinaandAmerica2007.RetrievedonDecember2,2010from:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4acaf2d701000ase.htmlXinhua.Backgrounder:EssentialdifferencesbetweenChinese,Westernpoliticalsystem.2009.RetrievedonDecember2,2010from:http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90785/6610207.htmlNeedanessay?Youcanbuyessayhelp(​http:​/​​/​www.ukessays.com​/​buy-essay.php"\o"Buyessayhelp​)fromustoday!（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）推荐精选推荐精选推荐精选