天津专版2018年高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练9人物介绍+科普知识+环境保护+时文报道课件

题组9 人物介绍+科普知识+环境保护+时文报道 专题三　阅读理解　第三节　题组训练 A (2017·河西区二模) How did one man prove that small kindnesses add up? My family first met Wally Urtz，the gentle，modest manager of our local supermarket，on a windy day nearly 20 years ago just after we’d moved to Hastings-on-Hudson，a New York City suburb.As my wife made her way to the store’s exit，attending her groceries and two small children，Wally rushed up beside her.“I’ll get those，young lady，” he said brightly，taking her bags and leading her to the parking lot.Now that may seem like no big deal—except that these days things like that so seldom happen. Our story，as it turned out，was typical.Among Hastings’s 8,000 people living here，almost everybody had at least one about Wally’s politeness and generosity.There were the times he’d reach into his own pocket when someone was short of money；the times he’d show small kindnesses to someone who’d just lost a loved one or who was in the middle of divorce；the many，many times he’d put himself out for older people. “He just appreciated that when people get older，their lives get smaller—they don’t drive，their friends have passed on—and how much it means to be treated warmly，” one woman，Kathy Dragan said.“When my mother was in her 80s，it was a treat for her to go to the store.” Wally would call out to the shop clerk and say，“You give her whatever attention she needs.” She’d tell me，“He’s kinder to me than some people I’ve known all my life.” Yet few of us fully understood what Wally meant to the people’s life of our community—until he was sent to another store 20 miles away.For some unknown reason，the Food Emporium chain had decided to replace 67-year-old Wally after 26 years due to “operational issues related to operating a store the size of the one in Hastings”. No one could believe it.Word spread quickly.Neighbors called each other seeking the feeling of emotional comfort.Some planned to bring Wally back and staged protest marches outside the store.Others flooded the local newspaper with angry letters.The mayor took up the cause.Even the police tried to set things right. A grocer seems an unlikely figure to set off such an emotional outpouring(流露).What he did shows the remarkable effect Wally—a man of endless warmth and good humor—had on people. 语篇解读　本文描写了Wally Urtz先生无私地关心周围的人，尤其是老年人的事迹，以及大家对他的感恩和拥护。 1.According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Wally Urtz is always ready to help others every day. B.Wally Urtz is a man who wants to draw attention to him. C.Wally Urtz helped the author’s wife on purpose. D.The author had known Wally Urtz before we moved to Hastings-on- Hudson. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段的内容可推知A项正确。 √ 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 2.The purpose of Kathy Dragan’s words in Paragraph 4 is to show that . A.in the whole life of Kathy Dragan’s mother，Wally is the kindest person to her B.when people get older，they would like to live by themselves C.Wally had always cared about helping the older people D.you should give your old mother whatever attention she needs √ 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“...the many，many times he’d put himself out for older people.”及第四段内容可知，Kathy Dragan说的话是为了明Wally总是关心帮助老年人。 2 3 1 4 5 3.What’s people’s reaction to Wally Urtz’s being moved away? A.No one paid much attention to it. B.Many people objected to it in different ways. C.The police supported it with all their heart. D.The mayor thought it was a good idea. √ 答案 解析 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Some planned to bring Wally back and staged protest marches outside the store.Others flooded the local newspaper with angry letters.”可知，很多人用不同的方式反对Wally Urtz先生的调动，故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 4.It can be inferred from the passage that . A.a person in the grocery can easily express his feelings out to others B.a person full of warm-heartedness and humor has a great influence on people C.the mayor didn’t look into the reason of people’s emotional outpouring D.the author had joined in the plan of bringing Wally back √ 答案 解析 解析　推理判断题。结合全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“What he did shows the remarkable effect Wally—a man of endless warmth and good humor—had on people.”可知选B。 2 3 1 4 5 5.Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A.Wally Urtz and Old People B.A Food Shopping Grocer C.Wally Urtz’s Being Moved Away D.Wally Urtz—a Man of Endless Warmth 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Wally Urtz先生对周围的人尤其是对老年人无私的关心，给大家带了无尽的温暖，故D项符合。 √ 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 B (2017·河西区一模) Human beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically.Scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past and even now. Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products.Every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to * invention of a new tool or device.Many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies，which particularly keep a record of all these inventions. A lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field.These products are patented and have trade mark licenses.The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long.Vanity PC is a type of computer furniture that specifically hides all the computer wires and keeps a clean and good look.All the outdoor dust， mud and snow can be kept out of the house by installing the dirt drain(排水管) at the entrance of the door.Another important invention is the automatic toilet night-light，in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed. These are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people.Thus，a variety of new household items are invented every day，which help in a better functioning of household chores and in a more useful manner. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了家用发明以及它们产生的影响。 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段内容，尤其是“Scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past and even now.”可知，第一段主要介绍了文章的主题，故选C。 6.The first paragraph is intended to . A.stress the importance of inventions B.show the advantages of modern lifestyle C.introduce the topic of the article D.tell the differences between human beings and animals √ 答案 解析 7 8 6 9 10 7.According to the passage，people make house inventions to . A.improve the present living conditions B.earn more money and gain awards C.accumulate their wealth D.meet the new demands of new science √ 答案 解析 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products.”可知，人们发明了许多家居用品来改善目前的生活条件，故选A。 7 8 6 9 10 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long.”可知，滑动肚带是用来减少肩部压力和防止受伤的，故选B。 8.It can be inferred that the sliding cinch is used to . A.keep your shoulder safe and sound in an accident or an operation B.prevent your shoulder from being over-pressured C.help you practice your shoulder more often and reduce shoulder pains D.cover your shoulder and make it stronger to resist the outside strike √ 答案 解析 7 8 6 9 10 9.Common people can also make good inventions because . A.some inventions are easy to be made and can be mastered by them B.they have a strong desire to do something for science research C.success is often connected with hardship and bitter experience of common people D.wisdom and inspiration sometimes come from everyday life 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，普通人也可以做出好的发明，因为有时智慧和灵感来自日常生活，故选D。 √ 答案 解析 7 8 6 9 10 10.The passage mainly talks about . A.the correct use of household facilities B.different ideas about household inventions C.the history of household inventions D.household inventions and their influence 解析　主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了家用发明以及它们产生的影响，故选D。 √ 答案 解析 7 8 6 9 10 C (2016·河东区一模) Researchers around the world have been trying their hand at making better use of the huge amount of wind energy available in nature to produce clean energy.Apart from this，studies are being carried out to harness(利用) usable wind energy produced by man-made technologies. One useful source identified by Indian inventor Santosh Pradhan about two years ago is a speeding train，which produces fierce wind that can be transformed into electricity. According to Pradhan’s proposal，with a few small improvements in existing trains running in Mumbai，the largest city in India，at least 10,000 megawatts(兆瓦) of electricity could be harvested each day. Building on this principle，designers Ale Leonetti Luparinia and Qian Jiang from Yanko Design have created a device(装置) called T-Box that harnesses wind energy from speeding trains. T-Box can be placed within the railway tracks.It is half-buried underground between the concrete sleepers(水泥枕木)，which does not disturb the normal train operating at all.According to Yanko，around 150 T-Boxes can be fitted along a 1,000-meter railway track. A train running at a speed of 200 kph can produce winds blowing at 15 miles a second.Based on this calculation,150 T-Boxes can produce 2.6 KWH of electricity per day.The T-Box’s design won a silver medal in last year’s Lite-On Awards and was exhibited last summer at the Xue Xue Institute in Taipei，Taiwan Province. Though the figures look impressive，it is important to remember that the design is still at a conceptual stage and hasn’t taken into account issues such as pieces of waste material produced by the device and the efforts and costs involved in the maintenance(维护) of the device. We can expect the technology to see the light of the day only after it clears these issues.If so，rail travel，one of the greenest forms of travel，will become greener and more energy-efficient. 语篇解读　本文介绍了一种新的装置T­Box的发明，它可以利用加速行驶的列车提取风能。如果能投入实际应用，它可以让我们的出行变得更环保和更有效。 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容“According to Pradhan’s proposal，with a few small improvements in existing trains running in Mumbai...”及第四段中的“Building on this principle...”可知这个装置是基于Pradhan的想法，故选B项。 11.What can we learn about T-Box? A.It will be fitted on the trains. B.It is based on Pradhan’s idea. C.It can turn electricity into light. D.It was invented by an Indian scientist. √ 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 12.How much electricity can be produced per day by T-Boxes along a railway track of 100km? A.260 KWH. B.2.6 KWH. C.150 KWH. D.1.5 KWH. 解析　数字。根据第五段最后一句“According to Yanko，around 150 T-Boxes can be fitted along a 1,000-meter railway track.”和第六段第二句“Based on this calculation,150 T-Boxes can produce 2.6 KWH of electricity per day.”可知是2.6乘以100，故选A项。 √ 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 解析　段落大意题。根据最后两段尤其是倒数第二段第一句“Though the figures look impressive，it is important to remember that the design is still at a conceptual stage...”虽然这个数字是很可观的，但要记住这个仍处在概念阶段，故还有很多工作要做，故选C项。 13.It can be concluded from the last two paragraphs that . A.T-Box has proved to be effective in harvesting wind B.the maintenance of T-Box will be costly C.there is much to do about T-Box D.T-Box will come into use soon √ 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第三句“The T-Box’s design won a silver medal in last year’s Lite-On Awards and was exhibited last summer at the Xue Xue Institute in Taipei，Taiwan Province.”可知这个设计在去年的光宝创新奖获得银奖，故选B项。 14.According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE? A.The Indian inventor Santosh Pradhan invented the speeding train. B.The T-Box’s design won a silver medal in Lite-On Awards last year. C.Rail travel has become one of the energy-efficient technologies in the world. D.India harvests 10,000 megawatts of electricity each day on average. √ 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 15.The passage is mainly written to . A.encourage more people to travel by train B.explain the advantages of electricity C.tell readers how to save energy and money D.introduce a new invention to readers 解析　写作目的题。通读全文知，作者主要向我们介绍了一种新的发明T-Box，此装置可以利用加速行驶的列车提取风能。故选D项。 √ 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 D (2017·河西区一模) In the past，falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy，but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down(不容乐观)，even as oil prices sink lower and lower.Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened? Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy.Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump.They spend that money on other things，which stimulates the economy. The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China，Japan，and India.But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries，cancelling out the gains？“Not necessarily，”says economic researcher Sara Johnson.“Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high，so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(补贴) for their consumers.” But not all oil producers have big reserves.In Venezuela，collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free fall. Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil.The implication is a sharp decline in global trade，which has plunged(暴跌) partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to. Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past.One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now，so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy. Consumers，in America at least，are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump，as the memory of the recent great recession(衰退) is still fresh in their mind.And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes，so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest. 语篇解读　本文论述了石油价格下跌对全球经济增长的影响。 16.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage? A.The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices. B.Possible ways to stimulate the global economy. C.The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending. D.The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth. √ 答案 解析 解析　主旨大意题。由首段最后一句“Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened？”可知，文章讲述的是石油价格下跌与全球经济增长之间的联系，故选D。 17 18 16 19 20 17.Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy? A.Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost. B.Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other goods. C.Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy. D.Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change. 解析　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“They spend that money on other things，which stimulates the economy.”可知选B。 √ 答案 解析 17 18 16 19 20 18.What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down? A.They use their money reserves to back up consumption. B.They suspend import of necessities from overseas. C.They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices. D.They try to stop their economy from going into free fall. √ 答案 解析 解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high，so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(补贴) for their consumers.”可知选A。 17 18 16 19 20 19.How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge? A.It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history. B.It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy. C.Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects. D.Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws. √ 答案 解析 解析　细节理解题。由第五段第一句“Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil.”可知选C。 17 18 16 19 20 20.Why haven’t falling oil prices stimulated the global economy as they did before? A.People are not spending all the money they save on gas. B.Oil producers account for a larger portion of the global economy. C.The global economy is likely to undergo another recession. D.People all over the world are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices. √ 答案 解析 解析　细节理解题。由倒数第二段第二句“One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now，so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.”可知选B。 17 18 16 19 20 *