Civil Aviation_PPT幻灯片

070410108王晓昱070420210陆胤070430114王吴凯CivilAviation CollegeofCivilAviationwasestablishedwiththejointeffortstakenbytheCivilAviationAdministrationofChina(CAAC)andtheAviationIndustriesofChinainSeptember1993.IthasbeenmanagedbytheBoardofDirectorswhichconsistsoftwenty-sevenenterprisesandorganizations,includingCAACandtheairlinesdirectlyunderCAAC,somelocalairlines,regionalcivilaviationadministrations,threebiginternationalairports,AviationIndustriesofChina,andNanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics.Thecollegehasnowestablishedapatternofgraduateeducation,undergraduateeducationandon-the-jobtrainingandhasbecomeanimportantbasisofteachingandscientificresearchforCAAC.Ithasthreedepartments:DepartmentofCivilAviationEngineering;DepartmentofAirTrafficandDepartmentofTrafficandTransportation.CollegeofCivilAviation民用航空用词civilaviationaircraftcrew,aircrew机组,机务人员pilot驾驶员,机长co-pilot,secondpilot副驾驶员navigator领航员steward男服务员stewardess,hostess空中小姐radiooperator报务员Berliner班机monoplane单翼飞机glider滑翔机traineraircraft教练机passengerplane客机propeller-drivenaircraft螺旋桨飞机jet(aircraft)喷射飞机amphibian水陆两用飞机bumpyflight不平稳的飞行smoothflight平稳的飞行ramp扶梯altitude,height高度airroute,airline航线extraflight加班economyclass,touristclass经济座non-stopflight连续飞行climbing,togainheight爬升circling盘旋forcedlanding迫降seaplane,hydroplane水上飞机turbofanjet涡轮风扇飞机turboprop涡轮螺旋桨飞机turbojet涡轮喷射飞机transportplane运输机helicopter直升机supersonic超音速hypersonic高超音速transonic跨音速subsonic亚音速Airbus空中客车Boeing波音Concord协和Ilyusin依柳辛McDonald-Douglas麦道Trident三叉戟Tupolev图波列夫connectingflight衔接航班speed,velocity速度ceiling上升限度cruisingspeed巡航速度topspeed最高速度firstclass头等nightservice夜航airsick晕机directflight,straightflight直飞nose机头wing机翼aileron副翼wingflap襟翼tailplane水平尾翼starboardwing右翼portwing左翼pilot'scockpit驾驶舱parachute降落伞passengercabin客舱propeller螺旋桨pressurizedcabin密封舱undercarriage起落架undercarriagewheel起落架轮elevator升降舵radionavigationdevice无线电导航设备radiodirectivedevice无线电定向设备luggagecompartment行李舱(fuel)tank油箱auxiliary(fuel)tank副油箱main(fuel)tank主油箱autopilot自动驾驶仪Landing着陆torock,totoss,tobump颠簸totaxialong滑行toloseheight,toflylow降低totakeoff,take-off起飞toboardaplane,getintoaplane上飞机togetoffaplane,alightfromaplane下飞机tofacethewind迎风groundcrew地勤人员airport航空港,民航机场airfield,aerodrome,airdrome机场airportbeacon机场灯标airportmeteorologicalstation机场气象站mainairportbuilding,terminalbuilding机场主楼emergencylandingrunway,forcedlandingrunway紧急着陆跑道taxiway滑行跑道runway跑道omnirangeradiobeacon全向式无线电航空信标fueldepot燃料库controltower塔台tarmac停机坪radiobeacon无线电信标hatch舱口aeroengine,airengine航空发动机navigationlight航行灯fuselage,body机身boardingcheck登机牌planeticket飞机票flight,flying飞行SkillsandAbilitiesPeopleinthiscareerneedto:CommunicateUnderstandspokenandwritteninformation.Listentoothersandaskquestions.ReasonandProblemSolveFollowguidelinestoarrangeobjectsoractionsinacertainorder.WorkwithThingsDeterminethetoolsandequipmentneededtodoajob.Installequipment,machines,wiring,orprogramstomeetspecifications.KnowledgePeopleinthiscareerneedknowledgeinthefollowingareas:ProductionandProcessing: Knowledgeofhowproductsaremadeandsupplied.Transportation: Knowledgeofwaystomovepeople,goods,ormaterials. Thismaybebyair,rail,sea,orroad.Mechanical: Knowledgeofdesigning,using,andrepairingmachinesandtools.AirTrafficController:JobDescriptionInordertobeabletooperatesafelyandpunctually,airtransportneedsairnavigationservicestobeofeverhigherstandard.Theseservicesmustcoverairtransport,aviationinformation,flightcommunications,flightweatherreportingandaviationrescue.Theservicesareprovidedforairlines,militaryairtrafficandgeneralaviationandtheyareusedbydomesticandforeigncustomersalikTheairtrafficcontrollerworksaspartofachainofairtransportserviceproviders.Theseairtransportservicescoverairtrafficcontrol,airtrafficadvice,flightinformationandemergencyprocedures.Thepurposeoftheseservicesistoexpediteairtransportandmaintainaviationdiscipline.Customersaregivenadviceandinformationdesignedtopromoteairsafetyandefficiency.Theaimistopreventcollisionsbetweenaircraftandbetweenaircraftandobstaclesinthetrafficarea.Inaddition,informationisprovidedtotherelevantofficialsconcerningaircraftinneedofsearchandrescueservicesandtoassisttheminthemannerrequiredbytheauthorities.AirtrafficcontrollersprovidetheabovementionedservicesatairtrafficcontrolunitsatairportssituatedaroundFinland.Thesizeoftheairtrafficcontrolunitsvariesfroma1-2personworkstationtoinstallationswithseveralworkstationsanddozensofstaff.Theprimarytaskoftheairtrafficcontrolleratthelargerairportsistoprovideairtrafficservices.Atthesmallerairtrafficcontrolledairportstheairtrafficcontrollerisalsoresponsibleforotherairnavigationtasks.Theairtrafficcontroller’stoolsincreasinglyincludevariouskindsofinformationtechnologyequipment.Thenetworkofcooperationincludesotherairports,regionalairtrafficcontrollers,airforcewingsandairlines.Theworkmustconformtointernationalagreementsandthenationalaviationregulationsbasedonthem.Theworktakesplaceinshiftsbecauseairnavigationservicesareavailableatallhoursofthedayandnight.Theairtrafficcontrollermustbeablesimultaneouslytocontrolseveralaircrafttakingoffandlandingaswellasmakingobservationsoftheworkenvironment.Thisrequiresrapidandindependentcoordination,observationanddecision-makingabilities.Thoseworkingintheairtrafficcontrolsectormustbeabletoadapttoabusyworkpace.Inordertobeabletoprovideairtrafficservices,airtrafficcontrollersrequirealicencewhichconformstointernationalaviationregulations,whichinFinlandisgrantedbytheaviationauthorities.Inordertoretainhisorherlicencetheairtrafficcontrollermustbeemployedinairtrafficcontroldutiesforaspecificamountoftimeduringaspecificperiodandmustpassannualjob-performanceandmedicalinspections.Thereareabout300airtrafficcontrollersworkinginFinland.About20or30newairtrafficcontrollersaretrainedeachyear.Afterbasictrainingtheairtrafficcontrollerhastheopportunitytospecialize,forexampleastowercontroller,approachcontroller,areacontroller,precisionappraochradarcontroller,terminalarearadarcontrollerorarearadarcontroller.Heorshemayalsoapplytobecomeaninstructor,supervisororforotherspecialduties.BackgroundInformation:HistoryofUKAirTrafficcontrolTowardstheNewMillennium–1990-1999TheUK’sresponsetothedeficienciesoftheairtrafficsystemsographicallydemonstratedinthelate1980swasbothswiftandre-assuring:amajorinvestmentprogrammewortharound￡100millionayearatitspeakintheearlytomid1990s.Bythen,muchoftheUK’sATCinfrastructurehadbeencomprehensivelyup-datedandin1995thehighlycomplexCentralControlFunctionprojectwassuccessfullycompletedwiththeseamlesstransferofairportapproachcontroltothenewterminalcontrolroomatLATCC.Thebiggestprojectwasanewairtrafficcontrolcentre,saidtobetheworld’slargestandmosttechnologicallyadvanced,whichbytheearly1990swasmakinggoodprogressatagreen-fieldsiteatSwanwick,Hampshire.Buttheprojectranintodifficultyasitstimescale,whichinretrospectwasseentobefartooambitiousforsuchacomplexproject,begantoslip.Bytheendofthedecade,theproblemswerebroughtundercontrolanditwasre-scheduledforopeninginwinter2001/2002,atimescalemoreconsistentwiththescopeoftheproject.Meanwhile,politicsintervenedastheConservativeGovernmentsoughttocutpublicspending.TheCAA’sinvestmentinNATS’infrastructurehadhithertobeenfundedbytraditionalnationalizedindustrymethods.ButitwasannouncedthattheNewScottishCentrewouldbefundedbytheprivatesectorthroughthePrivateFinanceInitiative(PFI).Althoughfeelingthiswasinappropriateforatechnologically-advancedsystemlikeairtrafficcontrol,NATSnonethelesspersisted.AftermanydelaysanddifficultiestheincomingLabourgovernmentsignalleditsapprovalforthefirststageoftheprojecttogoaheadwithoutthePFI.TheGovernmentalsopushedaheadwithplanstoseparateNATSfromtheCAAandcreateitasapublicprivatepartnershipwith46perofthesharessoldtoaprivatesectorpartner,fivepercentreservedforstaffandtheGovernmentretainingtheremaining49percent.BesidestakingNATSinvestmentoutofthePublicSectorBorrowingRequirementthiswasconsideredtocreatemuch-neededtransparencybetweenNATSanditsregulatorleadingtogreaterconfidenceforusersandthetravellingpublic.BytheendofthetwentiethcenturyNATSwasabletofacethefuturewithconfidence:itwashandlingrecordlevelsoftrafficwithsafetyandefficiency.AndthePPPalsoofferedtheprospectofNATScapitalizingonitsworld-classreputationbyseekingcommercialoutletsforitsskillandknow-how.1990–PlanningpermissionsoughtfornewairtrafficcontrolcentreatSwanwick,HampshiretohandletrafficoverEnglandandWales,andnewScottishCentreonlandadjacenttotheexistingoneatPrestwick.1990–WestDraytonflightdataprocessingsoftwarere-hostedinnewIBM4381computersystem.1990–CAAreportsaysdecisiononnewrunwayforLondonareamustbetakenby'earlyyearsofnextcentury.'1990–MMC’ssecondreportonNATScallsforseparationofregulationfromserviceprovision.1991–WorkstartsonconstructionofnewairtrafficcontrolcentreatSwanwick,Hampshire1992–ContracttoequipSwanwickCentreawardedtoIBM(laterLoralSystemswhichisthenacquiredbyLockheedMartinAirTrafficSystems).1992–NATSairportprimaryradarreplacementprogrammecompleted1993–TerminalcontrolroomopensatLATCCwithmoveofHeathrowandGatwickapproachcontrollers.1993–Openingofre-developedManchesterAreaControlCentre1993–GovernmentsaysNewScottishCentre(NSC)willbefundedthroughthePrivateFinanceInitiativeandthatwayswillbesoughttointroduceprivatecapitaltoNATS.1994–GovernmentannouncesplanstoprivatizeNATS1994–SwanwickCentrebuildingcompleteandhandedovertoCAA.1995–CentralControlFunctionprojectcompletedwithmoveofStanstedapproachcontroltoLATCCTerminalControlRoom1996–NATSbecomesawholly-ownedsubsidiarycompanyoftheCAA.1996–LondonFlowManagementUnitcloseswithestablishmentofCentralFlowManagementUnitatBrussels.1998–GovernmentandNATSannouncethatSwanwickwillopeninthewinterof2001/2002.1997–NewLabourGovernmentsaysitwantstomakeNATSapublicprivatepartnershipandseparateitfromtheCAA.1999–Governmentgivesgo-aheadforpreliminarystageofNewScottishCentrebutabandonsPublicFinanceInitiative.1999–TransportBill,providingforNATStobecomeapublicprivatepartnership,introducedtoParliament.KeyDates