高三英语二轮复习 动词及动词短语教案（6）

动词及动词短语 1．struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力 4．expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述→expansion n．扩大；增加 5．circulate vt. & vi.循环；流传→circulation n．循环流通 8．equip vt. & vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数) 9．export vt. & vi.输出；出口→import vt. & vi.输入；入口；进口 12．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑 13．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔→regretful adj.后悔的 16．reduce vt.减少；缩减；简化→reduction n．缩小；减少 1．struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎　n．斗争；挣扎 struggle with/against 与……搏斗/斗争 struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取…… struggle through 奋力通过 struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来 struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事 with a struggle 费劲地 [即学即练1](1)They had to _________ ______ their lives ______ weather and wild animals. 为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。 (2)They had to _________ ____________ all kinds of difficulties. 他们得和各样的困难作斗争。 (3)She _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。 Struggle for against//struggle with / against//struggled to get away from (4)______ ______ ______ __________， the old woman gained control of her business. 经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。 　 After a long struggle 2．expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述 expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展 expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的 expand into/to 使扩大，变大 expand on/upon 阐述，详谈 [即学即练2](1)Metals ________ when they are heated. 金属受热会膨胀。 (2)We've __________ ______ __________ by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。 (3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _________. 我把问题重复了一遍，等着她进行充分阐述。 Expand//expanded the business//expand 3. therefore adv.(＝as a result of that)因此；所以 [即学即练3]He was very tired and __________ he fell sound asleep. ＝He was very tired. __________ he fell sound asleep. ＝He was very tired, ______ he fell sound asleep. 他累得很，因此睡得很熟。 Therefore//Therefore//so 提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句。 4．equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n. [U]装备；设备 equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物 equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备 sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事 equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 be equipped with sth. 装备有某物 a piece of equipment 一件设备 [即学即练4](1)Our classroom ______ ________ ______ a TV set and a tape recorder. 我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。 (2)A good education should ______ ______ ______ ______.良好的教育能使你受用终生。 (3)Our school has been given ______ ______ __________. 我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。 is equipped with//equip you for life//some new equipment 5．regret v．&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜 refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝 to one's regret 令人遗憾的是 feel regretful for....对……感到后悔 express regret for/at/over sth... 对……表示遗憾 regret＋n./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事 regret＋that－clause 后悔，遗憾…… regret to say/tell/inform... 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知…… It's much to be regretted that... 令人遗憾的是…… [即学即练5](1)He regretted _________ ______ careless. ＝He regretted ______ ______ ______ ______ careless. 他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。 (2)I regret ______ ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。 (3)______ ______ ______ ______， I must leave now. 令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard ______ ______ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。 Having been//that he had been//to inform//Much to my regret//withregret 7．reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化 reduce one's expenditure 减少某人的开支 be reduced to despair 陷入绝望 reduce to... 降至…… reduce by... 减少了…… [即学即练7](1)He persuaded them to ______ the price ______ $1 000. 他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。 (2)Production costs have ______ ________ ______ one third. 生产成本下降了1/3。 (3)The fire __________ the forest ______ a few trees. 大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。 Reduce to//been reduced by//reduced to 8．comment vt.评论 n．评论，意见，议论 ask for comment 征求意见 make comments on sth.评论某事 No comment. 无可奉告。 Without comment. 不必多说。 comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对……发表意见 comment(v.)that－clause评论…… [即学即练8](1)Have you any ___________ ______ the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？ (2)It created ______ ___________ in the press. 这引起报界广泛的评论。 (3)He made some useful ___________ ______ my work. 他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。 (4)He ____________ that it was an excellent film. 他评论这部电影很精彩。 Comments on//wide comment//comments//on commented 10．rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使……摆脱…… be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 be free of... 摆脱…… [即学即练10](1)One day we will manage to ______ ______ ______ ______ this terrible disease. 总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。 (2)You must ______ _________ ______ these old－fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。 (3)We‘ll have to ______ ______ ______ him. 我们必须摆脱他。 (4)How can we ______ ______ ______ all the flies in the kitchen? 我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉？ Rid the world of//rid yourself of//get rid of//get rid of 12．lead to 通向，导致，致使 lead＋n.＋to sth. 引导……到…… lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 [即学即练12](1)The bank has offered a reward for any information ____________ the arrest of the men. 银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。 (2)What _____________________ acting as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？ leading to//led you to take up 提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对……加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。 (2)lead to 不用被动语态。 (3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (＝result from) 是前果后因。 13．keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等) 使……不含(有害物) free from 没有……，免于……，无……之忧 free of 无……的；免于……的，离开了……的 free sb./sth. from... 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放 for free＝free of charge 免费地，无偿地 be free to do sth. 自由地做某事 be free with sb. 对某人放肆 free as the air 自由自在 set sb. free 释放某人 [即学即练13](1)______ the table ____________ dirt by putting a cover over it. 用个东西把桌子罩住，免得灰尘落在上面。 (2)The lake ______________ pollution. 这湖没有污染。 (3)The secretary _________________ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。 (4)Try to __________________ all prejudices. 尽量消除一切偏见。 Keep free from//is free of//was free from//free yourself from 1.expand/extend/spread/stretch (1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。 (2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。 (3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。 (4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。 [应用1]　(1)The cat _________ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。 (2)The hot weather __________ to October.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。 (3)As children grow older they _________ their interests and become more confident. 随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。 Stretched//extended//expand (4)The fire soon _________ to the nearby buildings. 火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。 spread B4U3 3．perform v．执行；表演→performer n．表演者；演出者→performance n．执行；演出 4．astonish vt.使惊诧→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶 7．entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的，有趣的→entertainment n．娱乐 9．overcome vt. & vi.战胜；克服 10．convince vt.使信服→convinced adj.坚信不移的→convincing adj.令人信服的 11．direct vt. & vi. &adj.导演；指示；指挥；直的；直接的；直率的→direction n．指导→director n．导演→directly adv. & conj.直接地，径直地；一……就…… 16．slide vt. & vi.(使)滑动；(使)滑行 n．滑；滑动；幻灯片 18．react vi.作出反应；回应→reaction n．反应；回应 2．astonish vt. 使吃惊；使惊讶 astonishing adj. 令人十分惊异的 astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的 astonishment n. 惊讶 to one‘s astonishment 使某人万分惊讶的是 in astonishment 惊讶地 be astonished at/by sth. 因某事而吃惊 be astonished to do sth. 因干某事而吃惊 [即学即练2](1)We __________________ the news of her sudden death. 她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。 (2)It ____________ us to hear that you did not receive our letter. 听说你还没收到我们的信，这使我们十分惊讶。 (3)It was an ____________ story.这故事令人惊讶不已。 were astonished at//astonished//astonishing 3．entertain vt.&vi. 使快乐，款待 entertaining adj. 引人发笑的，有趣的，娱乐的 entertainment n. 招待，款待，娱乐 entertain sb. with sth. 用……使某人快乐 entertain sb. to sth. 用……招待/款待某人 give an entertainment to sb. 招待某人 [即学即练3](1)He often __________ the children ______ funny expressions. 他经常用滑稽的表情逗孩子们玩儿。 (2)I usually _________ my friends ______ dinner on Sundays. 我常在星期天请朋友们吃饭。 (3)It’s not a very serious film, but a good _______________. 这不是一部严肃的电影，而是一部很好的娱乐片。 Entertains with//entertain to//entertainment 4．overcome v. 战胜；克服；征服 be overcome by sth.……使某人垮掉，……使某人昏迷 be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief 因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持 [即学即练4](1)In the final game Sweden easily ____________ France.在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。 (2)Her parents __________________ grief at the funeral. 在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。 (3)The dead woman had __________________ smoke. 这个女人是被烟呛死的。 　　 Overcame//were overcome with//been overcome by 5．convince vt.使确信，使信服，使认识 convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的 convinced adj.确信的；深信的；坚信的 convince sb. of sth. 说服某人相信某事 convince sb. that... 使某人信服(相信) be convinced of... 确信…… be/feel firmly convinced that... 确信；笃信；坚信…… [即学即练5] (1)We finally ____________ them ______ our adventure. ＝We finally ___________ them ____________ our adventure. 我们最终令他们信服了我们的冒险经历。 (2)Her smile ___________ him ______ she was happy. 她的微笑使他确信她快乐。 (3)They __________________ the result of the experiment finally.他们最终相信了实验结果。 (4)I __________________ his guilt.________he is guilty. 我确信他有罪。 Convinced of//convinced to believe//convinced that//were convinced of//am convinced ofthat (5)There is now ____________ evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.现有令人信服的证据说吸烟能导致肺癌。 convincing 6．direct vt.&vi. 导演；指挥；指示　adj. 径直的；直接的；直率的　adv. 直接地 direct sth. to/towards sth./sb. direct sth. at/against sth./sb.把……对准 (某方向或某人) direct sb. to sp. 给某人指路，为某人领路 direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事 that 从句(用虚拟语气) the direct road/train 直通道路/直达列车 be in direct contact with sb. 与某人有直接的联系 go direct to sp. 直接去某地 [即学即练6](1)She prefers to ______ rather than ______. 她宁愿当演员，不愿当导演。 (2)The police officers had __________________ search the building. 警察奉命搜查这栋大楼。 (3)The judge _________ that the mother be given custody of the child. 法官判决这孩子由母亲照管。 Act direct//been directed to//directed 8．whisper v．&n.低语，耳语，私语；私下说，低声地说 in a whisper (＝in whispers) 低声地 whisper about sth. 密谈某事 It is whispered that... 有人私下说…… whisper to sb. 对某人窃窃私语 [即学即练8](1)They debated it ____________. 他们低声辩论。 (2)The two girls were ______________ in the library. 这两个女孩在图书馆里低声说话。 (3)After a few minutes, he ___________ the answer ______ the creature’s ear. 过了几分钟，他小声在这个动物的耳旁说出答案。 (4)__________________ that he was heavily in debt.据说他负债累累。 in whispers//whispering//whispered in//It was whispered 提示：whisper 后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词 to, 即whisper sth. to sb.＝ whisper to sb. sth.。类似结构还有： announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布…… explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释…… introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍…… suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议 report sth. to sb. 向某人 9．react vi.&vt. 反应，反抗；起化学反应，起作用 react to sth. 对……作出反应 react on (upon) 对……起作用，对……有影响，对……起反应 react against 反抗，反对 [即学即练9](1)How did he ____________ the news? 他对这消息有何反应？ (2)Will the people ever ____________ this dictator? 有朝一日人民会起来反抗这位独裁者吗？ (3)Applause _______________ a speaker. 鼓掌对讲演者有影响。 react to//react against//reacts on/upon 11．pick out 选出；选拔；分辨出；领会 pick on 选择(某人或某物)作受罚(挨骂、干不愉快的 工作)的对象 pick up 拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；得到；学会； 用车接某人；收听到；身体好转 pick off 摘下，摘掉；逐个地(或有选择地)瞄准射中 [即学即练11](1)Let me ____________ some good ones for you.让我来替你挑几个好的。 (2)It's easy to __________________ in a crowd because he is very tall. 很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。 (3)The bus ____________ passengers outside the airport. 公共汽车在机场外接乘客。 pick out//pick him out//picks up 12．cut off 切掉，割掉，分离，隔离(常跟 from)，中断 cut across 抄近路穿过；对直穿过 cut away 切掉，剪掉；逃走，跑开 cut down 砍倒；(疾病等)夺去生命；削减，缩短； 毁灭，破坏 cut in 插嘴；突然插入 cut into halves/pieces 切成两半/切碎 cut out 切掉；删掉 cut up 切碎，切掉；使丧气，使痛心 [即学即练12](1)I had my hair ____________ and sold it. 我把头发剪掉卖了。 (2)Just when she had reached the most important point we ______________. 她刚刚讲到最要紧的地方，我们的电话就被切断了。 (3)We were completely ______________ the outside world.我们和外界完全隔绝了。 cut off//were cut off//cut off from