2014年大学英语四级考试试题及答案解析(三十)

大学英语四级考试试及解析(三十) 一、Writing （本大题1小题．每题106.0分，共106.0分。 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition . You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: ） 第1题 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Vocational Education or College Education? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1．参加大学入学考试的人数近年来有下降的趋势     2．有人认为职业教育更有利于就业，有人认为大学文凭更重要     3．我的看法 Vocational Education or College Education? 【正确答案】： Vocational Education or College Education? [1]The number of people who take the college entrance examination has been decreasing these years．[2]Some people consider vocational education an advantage to job-hunting， while others argue that a college diploma is more important．    [3]In my opinion，college education is more advisable for most people．[4]First，college education is systematic and students can learn a lot in many aspects．Unlike vocational education，which always focuses on just one job skill，college education enables students to develop different potentials．[5]Second，to obtain a higher degree．such as a master’s degree，one has to go through college education to get a bachelor’s degree first．    [6]In a society where any job skill may become outdated quickly with the appearance of new technologies，the limitations of vocational education prove even more serious． Only college education can prepare us for future challenges． [本题分数]： 106.0 分 【答案解析】 [1]描写现象，对应提纲中的第1点。    [2]介绍两种对立的观点，对应提纲中的第2点。    [3]用In my opinion说明自己的看法。advisable明态度。对应提纲中的第3点。    [4]用通识教育和专才教育区分两种教育，说明大学教育的好处。    [5]大学教育是获得进一步提升的基础。    [6]用社会变化、科技进步来反衬职业教育的局限性，进一步突出主题。    [写作指南]    这是“现象一正反观点一自己的观点”类型作文题，重点在于论证自己所持的观点。    就本文来说，可以持“大学教育比职业教育重要”的观点，也可以持“职业教育比大学教育重要”的观点。无论主张哪一种观点，都要给出两到三条理由予以论证。    如果说职业教育重要，怎么动笔呢?当然从社会需要着手。各生产领域需要高级技术工人；专业化分工的社会强调专业化和合作而不是全才；“万金油”式的人才不能胜任特定工作等。    范文认为大学教育优于职业教育，所给出的理由很有说服力。 二、Cloze（共20小题,共70.0分）There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题    Don't get too close to a tired teen ;you could start losing sleep as well.When one teenager starts sleeping less,  her friends and others in her social  (1)   soon lose sleep, too, according to new research.    Our social networks can  (2)   our behaviors and moods. Political scientist James Fowler of the University of California has studied these effects and previously found that obesity, smoking, and  (3)   happiness can spread through networks of people  (4)   based on their relationships.    Fowler  (5)   his study of a network of more than 8000 7th-to 12th-grade students and their sleeping and smoking  (6)  . He and colleagues  (7)   a web of connections between each student and his or her friends. In one of these friend webs, a gang of sleepless boys  (8)   the middle of the mess, where the most  (9)   kids landed--the so-called "cool" kids. The researchers found that the  (10)   central a teen landed on the map, the greater chance that he or she got less than 7 hours of sleep per night.    Drug use was also contagious(具传染性的), the team  (11)  . Each smoking friend increased the   (12) that a student used marijuana (大麻)  (13)   42%. Both sleepless and drug-use contagions could still be felt four-degrees of separation  (14)  , influencing a friend of a friend of a friend's friend.    Most surprisingly, the researchers found a link between  (15)   of sleep and drug use.  (16)   a teen's friend slept less than 7 hours, her chances of using drugs went  (17)   by 19%. And that means that  (18)   sleeplessness spreads throughout a friend  (19)  , drug use spreads as  (20)   . A bicycle B recycle C circle D cycle 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查短语识别。social circle是固定表达，表示“社交圈”，故选C。cycle表示“自行车；循环”，注意不要与circle“圆，圈；界”混淆；bicycle“自行车”，recycle“回收”显然不对。 第2题 A influence B impose C impact D impress 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查动词辨义。根据后一句的effects可推断空格处填入“影响”意思的词，可排除B“强加于；征(税)”和D“印象”。influence与impact的区别在于influence是一个潜移默化的过程，而impact多强调一种迅速、猛烈的冲击、影响，根据语境此空选A。 第3题 A thus B much C even D still 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查语义逻辑。空格后的happiness为精神层面的东西，与“肥胖”和“抽烟”不是一个层面，有递进之义，可推断空格处应填入表递进的程度副词，even“甚至”符合句意。 第4题 A rarely B surely C actually D solely 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查副词辨析。文章前两段都在讲社交网络对人们的行为和情绪的影响，此空所在句表达的意思是：人们的一些行为“仅仅”基于人际关系便可在社交网络中传播，故D恰当。rarely“很少”与句意相悖；surely“一定”过于绝对；actually“事实上”与句意不符。 第5题 A predicted B bribed C prescribed D described 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查动词辨义。填入的动词应与其后的宾语his study搭配，可排除A“预测”、B“贿赂”和C“开处方(药)”，故D“描述”为正确答案。 第6题 A halts B inhabitants C habits D harbors 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查形近词辨义。halt意为“暂停；中途休息”；inhabitant“居民，住户”；habit“习惯”；harbor“港口”。只有C符合句意。 第7题 A narrated B wrote C painted D mapped 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查动词辨义。该词以web“网”作为宾语，最佳选项为map“绘制”。A“叙事”，B“书写”和C“(用颜料)绘画”均不合句意。 第8题 A governed B ruled C dominated D led 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查动词辨义。该句中的the mess指其后提到的kids，可推断sleepless boys应该在the mess中占“主导”地位，dominate“占首要地位；占优势”符合句意。govern和rule均有“统治；控制”之义，常与政权或法律相关，故此处不合适：lead“领导；带领”不合句意。 第9题 A concentrated B connected C complex D complicated 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查篇章逻辑及形容词辨义。文章第3段多次提及Fowler所描述的web of connections现象，故此空填入connected"联系的”合适。A意为“集中的”，C和D意为“复杂的”，均不合文意。 第10题 A more B most C least D less 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查语义逻辑。根据其后的the greater可知此空需填形容词比较级，根据逻辑，应是与中间那帮失眠的人关系越密切(在图上显示越居中)，越容易被传染失眠，故填more，选A。 第11题 A founded B found C implied D confessed 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查动词辨义。此空前面的内容是一个(经研究得出的)事实情况，且下文也提到了研究结果，因而B“发现”最为合适。A是动词found“创立，创办”的过去式，与句意不符；imply“暗示”，confess“坦白，承认”不合语义。 第12题 A situation B chance C opportunity D occasion 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查名词辨义。that引导的从句具体说明该空格的内容。chance“(事情发生的)可能性”，上段最后一句以及最后一段第2句中均出现了该词，也为提示；而opportunity仅表示“机会”，因而选B。situation“形势，情况”；occasion“时刻，时机”。 第13题 A by B at C of D from 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查语义逻辑及短语搭配。increase by表示“以……的幅度增长”，其他选项的介词均不符合。 第14题 A aside B away C down D out 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查语义逻辑。根据前面的four-degrees of separation以及其后的influencing a friend of a friend 0f a friend's friend可知这是一个向四周扩散的方式，away含有此义，其他的说不通。 第15题 A failure B drop C lack D absence 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查短语搭配。lack of sleep对应文章反复提到的sleepless，故为答案。 第16题 A What B How C Where D When 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查语义逻辑。根据其后的主句内容可推断，从句应该是一个时间状语从句，选When。 第17题 A up B off C after D in 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查语义逻辑。该段提到了缺乏睡眠与使用毒品的关系。根据下一句意思，可推断睡眠越缺乏，使用毒品可能性越大，应填up，A合适。 第18题 A since B because C as D where 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查语义逻辑。结合上下文，本句的意思是说当失眠在一个圈子里蔓延时，毒品的使用也随之蔓延，只有as“当……的时候”符合语义。 第19题 A nest B network C system D mechanism 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查名词辨义。从前文反复提及的network,friend webs,connection,link等词可以判断此处选network“网络”最为合适。nest“巢”，system“系统”和mechanism“机制”均不合适。 第20题 A well B either C too D soon 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 考查短语搭配。as well意为“也，同样”，符合句意。其他选项不与as搭配。 三、Listening Comprehension（Section A）（共15小题,共105.0分）In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 A She has trouble getting along with the professor. B She knows that the professor has run into trouble. C She knows that the professor has been very busy this term. D She regrets having taken up much of the professor's time. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: Prof.Jordan has been very busy this term.As far as I know.he works until mid-night every day. W: I wouldn't have troubled him so much if I had known he was so busy. Q: What does the woman imply?    [解析] 女士说早知道Prof.Jordan那么忙，就不去劳烦他了。由此可知女士对于自己打扰了Prof.Jordan感到抱歉。D“她为占用了Prof.Jordan大量的时间感到抱歉”与对话中女士意思一致．故选D。    [点睛]  此题关键是听懂 wouldn't：have done+if sb. had done这个虚拟语气的过去式所表达的含义，它隐含了说话者对于过去某行为的懊悔和抱歉。 第2题 A He is used to the cold weather. B He expected the weather to be warmer. C He has never liked the weather in April. D He didn't see the forecast for next week. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: Did you see the weather forecast for next week?I can't believe how the temperature's going to dip M: I know.That isn't my idea what April should be like. Q: What does the man mean?    [解析] 女士说不敢相信气温将下降，男士说他觉得四月份不应该足那个样子。由此可知男士期望的是天气能变得暖和些，所以答案为B。    [点睛]  ①浏览选项可知本题讨论四月的天气情况。②A“他习惯这样的冷天气”，由对话可知道男士期望天气转暖，A无依据；C“他从来不喜欢四月的天气”，没有根据；D与事实相反。 第3题 A He won't go shopping without a guard. B He left his room key in a shop. C He can't get into the guard room. D He couldn't find his room key. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: Tom.do you want to go shopping with me this morning? M: Sure,but I can't leave right now.I've lost my room key and I have to want for the security guard to let me back into my room. Q: What is Tom's problem?    [解析] 男士说他现在不能走，因为弄丢了自己房间的钥匙，要等保安来了才能进去，故选D。    [点睛] 听到男士的话就可以直接选出答案。其他三个选项是对shopping,guard,room key等词随意拼凑，明显与对话内容不符。 第4题 A Wait for a taxi. B Buy some food. C Take a train. D Book train tickets. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: The taxi is waiting for us downstairs.hurry up. W: Wait a moment.I'll take some food with us.I don't like the meal served on the train. Q: What are the speakers most probably going to do?    [解析] 男士说“快点，出租车在楼下等着”，女士回应说“等下，我买点吃的，我不喜欢吃火车上提供的膳食”，由此可知男女要去乘坐火车，C正确。    [点睛] D在对话中没有提及，直接排除。男女说话时已经有taxi在等他们，故“他们要去等taxi”的说法不对；B具有一定的迷惑性，但“买点吃的”只是女士行为，且这个行为可以根据语境理解成他们边说话边进行的动作，并没有很强的将来概念，也可排除。 第5题 A She feels uncomfortable in water. B She prefers swimming to sailing. C She is also excited about sailing. D She isn't sure how she feels about sailing. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: I love sailing on the lake.It's so refreshing to feel the wind in my hair and the water on my face. W: I guess I would feel the same way if I coule swim. Q: What can be inferred about the woman?    [解析] 男士说他喜欢在湖中航行，并描述航行时候的愉悦，女士说要是她会游泳她也会在航行时和男士感觉一样。说明女士也是喜欢航行的，故选C。    [点睛] 关键在于理解虚拟语气现在时的含义。A在对话中没有提及；B是运用对话中听到的sailing和swim随意拼凑，与女士要表达的意思不符；D也与女士的意思不符，很显然女士可以想象得到航行时的感觉。 第6题 A The lectures are usually crowded. B The lecture has already started. C It is easy for them to get seats. D The lecture may be canceled. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: We'd better get moving if we expect to get a seat.The lectures start in twenty minutes.And we still have a long walk ahead of us. M: These things never start on time.And anyway,I don't think it would be crowded. Q: What does the man imply?    [解析] 由男士的话“这些讲座从来没有准时过，再说，我觉得不会有很多人去”可以看出男士认为没有必要赶紧去占位也会有座位坐．C与该意思对应。    [点睛] ①浏览选项可推测问题与lecture有关。听清了男士的话，就可直接作答。②A与男士的意思相悖；B与事实不符；D没有提及。 第7题 A He will finish the paper rafter playing basketball. B He hasn't finished doing his assignment yet. C He stays in the dormitory with his roommates. D He is playing basketball with his roommates. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: Hi,Bill.Have you finished the paper assigned by Professor Smith? M: Well,that's why I am still here rather than going to play basketball with my roommates. Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?    [解析] 女士问男士作业做完了没，男士说“这就是为什么我还待在这里，没有出去和室友打篮球的原因”。很明显．男士意思是作业还没有完成，选B。    [点睛] ①其他三个选项均是根据对话中的finished the paper,play basketball,roommates等词制造干扰，实在原意相悖。②rather than含有“否定其后的行为”之义，它后面的内容往往会被用来制造干扰项，考生要注意辨别。 第8题 A Meet him at the cafeteria. B Go to the cafeteria without him. C Bring him something from the cafeteria. D Wait for a while until he becomes hungry. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: I am going to the cafeteria to grab something to eat.Would you like to come along? M: You go ahead.I am not really all that hungry. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?    [解析] 女士问男士是否同她一起去餐厅，男士说“你自己去吧，我还没有那么饿”。B中Go...without him是对男士说的话You go ahead的同义替换，故选B。    [点睛] 其他选项只是利用原词cafeteria,hungry进行干扰，均与男士表达的意思不符。 第9题 Where does the conversation most probably take place? A In a drugstore. B In a supermarket. C On the phone. D On the Internet. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 19-21 M: Iris.is that you?Of all the places to run into each other,I can't believe that it's happening here. W: Gaven!It's been such a long time since I last saw you. M: What are you doing here?Don't tell me you're sick. W: Oh,no.I'm just here getting some medicine for my flat-mate.She caught a cold last week. M: Oh,that's too bad.I hope she feels better soon.I've been meaning to get hold of yon for some time now. My sister's just returned from a three-week trip to Europe and she took lots of pictures.It's so beautiful there.You must see the photos.How about coining over for dinner this weekend?I'm sure she would be delighted to see you,too. W: Oh,I'm terribly sorry.It's my parents' 40th anniversary this Saturday,so I'm going home for a big celebration.All my relatives are coming for file event.I'm also excited about seeing my family again.I'll have to leave straight from work on Friday night because it takes about six hours to get to Miami from here. M: Miami?I thought you were from New Orleans. W: No.I just studied at the university there. M: Well,please say congratulations to your parents for me.I hope you have a safe trip there.Traffic can be had on Friday nights,so please be careful.Be sure to give me a call when you get back from Miami We'd love to see you.    [解析] 对话中，男士问女士是否生病了，女士说她来这里是给合住公寓的伙伴买药，可知对话最可能发生在药店，故选A。    [点睛] ①由选项可以推断问题与地点有关。②sick与getting some medicine是解题的关键，听到后就可断定A正确。 第10题 What is the woman going to do at the weekend? A She is going to have dinner with the man. B She is going back home for her parents' anniversary. C She is going to visit her friends in New Orleans. D She is going to work over time in the office. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 女士说周六是父母40周年结婚纪念日，所以要回家去庆祝，故选B。    [点睛] ①预览各选项，可以确定问题问的是女士的打算。②男士邀请女士周末一起吃饭，女士拒绝了男士的邀请，所以A错误；C、D利用New Orleans和work制造原词干扰，与列话内容不相干。 第11题 What does the man say at the end of the conversation? A The woman should be alert to heavy traffic. B Many people go to the countryside at the weekend. C The woman should guard against robbers on the way. D Give him a call when the woman arrives home. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 男士说周五晚上通常会出现交通拥堵，提醒女士要小心，故选A。    [点睛] B、C对话中未提及，易排除；D与对话中的when you get back from Miami不符，男士是要求女士回来之后给他打电话，而不是到家后，故错误。 第12题 Why does the man need an outside interest? A To free his mind off work. B To enrich himself. C To make new friends. D To kill the time. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 22-25 M: My doctor says I need an outside interest to get my mind off my work.Can you suggest a hobby? W: Yes,I can suggest a hobby.Electronics might be fun,but you don't want a hobby that requires a lot of expensive equipment,do you? M: No,I don't want to buy expensive equipment.I just want to do something that is relaxing and enjoyable. Do you think collecting umbrellas would be interesting? W: Collecting umbrellas! I've heard of a lot of unusual hobbies,but I've never heard of that one. You don't play a musical instrument,do you? M: Yes,I play the violin,but I want to do something different.What's your hobby? W: My hobby is stamp collecting.I've just started collecting stamps and it's a lot of fun.Have you ever had a stamp collection? M: No,I've never had a stamp collection.It takes a long time to build a good stamp collection.doesn't it? W: Yes,building a good collection takes a long time, but a rare set of stamps can be very valuable. I can see that you're not interested in stamp collecting,but how about spots? M: Yes, I am interested in sports.I want something I can do on weekends.Do you think golf or tennis would take my mind off my job? W: Yes,I think they would.    [解析] 开头男士说，医生说他需要培养业余爱好，把注意力从工作中移开，故选A。    [点睛] ①各选项均是动词不定式，可猜测问题与做某事的目的有关。②A中的free his mind off work与原文get my mind off work(对应，符合长对话“听到什么选什么”的原则。③对话的开头往往是出题点。 第13题 How does the woman think of collecting umbrellas as a hobby? A Expensive. B Unusual. C Interesting. D Relaxing. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 女士说，她听说过很多不寻常的爱好，但是从来没听说收集雨伞的。可见女士觉得收集雨伞是不寻常的爱好，故选B。    [点睛] ①浏览各选项可预测问题与对某事或某物的描述或评论有关，属于细节匹配题。②A的expensive是在讲电子设备时提到；C的interesting是男士询问 收集雨伞是否有趣时提到，非女士观点；D的relaxing是男士讲到自己需要的运动类型时提到。考生应边听边在选项旁做记录，听到问题后即可排除这三项。 第14题 What does the woman say about stamp collection? A She started collecting stamps from her childhood. B A good stamp collection can be built in a short time. C A rare set of stamps is worth a lot of money. D It is nearly impossible to collect a rare set of stamps. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 女士说，一套珍稀的邮票是很值钱的，故选C。    [点睛] ①预览各选项可知问题与收集邮票相关。②谈到集邮，女士说自己刚刚开始集邮，并且谈到收集到大量的邮票需要很长时间。所以A、B与女士意思 相悖：女士说到了珍稀邮票很值钱，但是并没有说收集到一套珍稀的邮票不可能，所以也排除D。 第15题 What will the man most probably take as a hobby? A Electronics. B Collecting umbrellas. C Collecting stamps. D Playing golf or tennis. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 男士表示自己对运动感兴趣，并在对话最后问女士高尔夫和网球是否合适，女士给出了肯定的回答，故选D。    [点睛] 培养electronics方面的爱好需要花很多钱买设备，男士明确表示自己不想买昂贵的设备，故排除A；B男士只是提到，没有明确表明观点；C由女士的话“我可以看出你对集邮不感兴趣”也可排除。 四、Reading Comprehension（共10小题,共90.0分）There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题    Earlier this year I met with a group of women in Matela, a small fanning village in Tanzania, and we discussed something that's been on all of our minds lately: finding a safe place to save money. The women said their babies were getting sick from malaria (疟疾), and they could afford.the drugs if they saved money over time--but with no access to formal savings accounts, they had a hard time safeguarding cash. So they saved in risky and inefficient ways. They made loans to each other, or bought goats or jewelry, then sold them if they suddenly needed money.    The success of microloans has opened new opportunities for many poor people and has been a crucial factor in reducing poverty. But loans are not enough. Savings accounts could help people in the developing world with unexpected events, accumulate money to invest in education, increase their productivity and income, and build their financial security. Fortunately, this is a moment of opportunity. New policy ideas are uniting in ways that will lower the cost of savings and bring safe financial services to the doorsteps of the poor.    One exciting trend is agent banking, in which stores and post offices serve as banking outlets. Banks still manage and guarantee the deposits, but they rely on the infrastructure (基础设施) of other outlets to deal with clients where there are no bank branches.    The phenomenal growth of mobile phones in the developing world presents another opportunity. M-Pesa, the mobile-phone cash-transfer service in Kenya, has signed up more than 5 million subscribers in two years and recently expanded to Tanzania. This new idea is opening markets and transforming lives. A split-second M-Pesa transaction costs as little as 30 cents and replaces a day of risk and expense just to send someone money or carry earnings home.    At the Gates Foundation, it has been committed more than 350 million to make financial services widely accessible to the poor because safe places to save can help break the cycle of poverty. If action is taken on this moment, then within a generation, billions of people will have the chance to build up their savings and live the healthy, productive lives that they deserve.  According to the first paragraph, people in Matela are most likely to expect that______. A they can afford the cure for malaria B they can save their cash efficiently C they can live safely in the village D their can get rid of poverty soon 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 第1段第1句提到了Matela的村民最希望的是finding a safe place to save money，该段其他句子提供了一些细节，支持第1句提到的主题，由此可见，第1段说明了Matela的村民最希望能把钱存好，因此，本题应选B。    [点睛] 关于malaria(疟疾)只是说明第1段主题的细节，malaria本身并不是本文的关注点，因此，A不能选；村民只是觉得存钱的方式不够安全，这并不意味着Matela的生活很动荡、不安全，因此，C不正确；村民有钱可存，该段并不体现他们“贫穷”的问题，可见，D也不正确。 第2题 What can help the poor build finacial security? A Getting microloans. B Lower cost of savings. C Chances for education. D Savings services. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句表明，能够帮助穷人建立经济上的保障的方式是为他们提供“储蓄账户”，D与“储蓄账户”意思最为相近．故为本题答案。    [点睛] A是使穷人脱贫的方式，并非“建立经济保障”的方式；B只是“储蓄服务”中的一个环节，只有这一点并不足以“建立经济保障”；C是与“建立经济保障”并列的成分，并不是帮助穷人“建立经济保障”的方式。 第3题 What is the role of post offices in "agent banking"? A They are subordinate to banks. B They are cooperative with banks. C They are taking the place of banks. D They are being changed into banks. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 第3段第1句的agent和outlets等词表明邮局充当银行的代理，负责为银行接受客户，收到的存款交由银行管理，但邮局还有自己本身的邮政功能，因此，它们与银行之间只是合作关系。由此可见，本题应选B。    [点睛] 只要确定了邮局和银行之问的合作关系，A即可排除。原文并没有提及邮局和银行之间谁将会代替谁，因此，C和D均不正确。 第4题 Compared with agent banking, M-Pesa most probably ______. A is less practical for poor people B is more popular among clients C costs less except transaction fees D provides safer savings accounts 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 原文该句表明通过M-Pesa交易只要交纳手续费，as little as很好地提示了其花费较低，因此，本题应选C。    [点睛] 原文没有提到M-Pesa的“实用性”，因此，A无原文依据；第4段虽然提到了M-Pesa用户的数目增长很快，但没有将M-Pesa和传统的银行服务哪个更受客户的欢迎进行对比，因此，B不正确；D最具干扰性，第4段最后一段提到了M-Pesa可以避免路上携带现金的风险，但并没有提到M-Pesa提供的账户更安全，因此，D没有原文根据。 第5题 Gates Foundation intends to make financial services______. A affordable B widely recognized C influential D easily obtained 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] D是对原文该句中的widely accessible的同义改写，故为本题答案。    [点睛] 原文明确指出Gates Foundation的目的足make financial services widely accessible to the poor，只要知道accessible的词义，其他选项就不难排除。accessible是access和后缀-ible的结合，再加上前面的widely，应该不难推断widely accessible应为“分布广泛的，容易取得的”之义。 第6题    The inner voice of people who appear unconscious can now be heard. For the first time, researchers have struck up a conversation with a man diagnosed as being in a vegetative (植物的) state. All they had to do was monitor how his brain responded to specific questions.    "They can now have some involvement in their destiny," says Adrian Owen of the University of Cambridge, who led the team doing the work.    In an earlier experiment, Owen's team asked a woman previously diagnosed as being in a vegetative state to picture herself carrying out one of two different activities. The resulting brain activity suggested she understood the commands and was therefore conscious.    Now Owen's team has taken the idea a step further. A man also diagnosed with VS was able to answer yes and no to specific questions by imagining himself engaging in the same activities.    The results suggest that it is possible to give a degree of choice to some people who have no other way of communicating with the outside world. "We are not just showing they are conscious, we are giving them a voice and a way to communicate," says neurologist (神经病学家) Steven Laureys of the University of Liege in Belgium, Owen's partner.    Doctors traditionally base these diagnoses on how someone behaves: for example, whether they can glance in different directions in response to questions. The new results show that you don't need behavioural indications to identify awareness and even a degree of cognitive proficiency. All you need to do is tap into brain activity directly.    The work "changes everything", says Nicholas Schiff, a neurologist at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York, who is carrying out similar work on patients with consciousness disorders. "Knowing that someone could persist in a state like this and not show evidence of the fact that they can answer yes/no questions should he extremely disturbing to our practice."     One of the most difficult questions you might want to ask someone is whether they want to carry on living. But as Owen and Laureys point out, the scientific, legal and ethical challenges for doctors asking such questions are formidable. "They" in the second paragraph can be replaced by "______". A patients in a VS B researchers C monitoring machines D specific questions 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该段中的they和their的所指相同，根据their destiny推断they应该是指“植物状态的病人”。以前人们认为植物人没有意识，可是现在研究发现植物人是有意识的，是可以参与自己命运的，因此，A是最合理的选项。    [点睛] 上一段中讲到植物人的心声可以被听到，以及他们第一次与研究人员进行了“交谈”，由此及全文内容知植物人是研究者们的研究对象，那么，此句中They无疑指植物人。 第7题 What did Owen's team find about the woman in the first experiment? A Her brain was active. B She gave creative responses. C She gave conditioned responses. D Her brain was damaged. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句的The resulting brain activity表明植物人有大脑活动，即大脑处于活动状态，因此，本题应选A。    [点睛] C稍具干扰性，研究小组只是对其大脑活动进行研究，并未提及她本身在一定条件下给予回应，故可排除C。 第8题 Owen's team can communicate with people in a VS by ______. A enabling them to think B enabling them to speak C providing them with choices D providing them with activities 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句指出研究人员为植物人提供选择，而句中的no other way表明植物人作出的选择是他们和外界交流的唯一途径，由此可见，本题应选C。    [点睛] 本文的研究认为，植物人是能思考的，但他们并不因为有思维而能与外界沟通，因此A不正确；第5段第2句提到的giving them a voice只是一种比喻的说法，植物人并不能真正地说话，因此，B不正确；如果仅仅为植物人提供一些活动，得到的结果只是证明了植物人有大脑的意识，第3段描述的试验过程就是这样。只有给他们提供二选一的问题，研究人员才能通过他们的选择与其沟通(如第4段描述的进一步实验)，因此，D也不正确。 第9题 Nicholas Schiff looks at the findings by Owen's team with __ A caution B approval C amazement. D annoyance 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句开头的The work "changes everything" 表明Nicholas Schiff对结果持肯定的态度，他认为这个研究结果产生了重大的影响，在所有选项中，只有B表示肯定的态度。    [点睛] 本题最具干扰性的是D。第7段最后一句末尾提到了disturbing一词，很容易让考生误以为Nicholas Schiff对Owen的团队的研究成果感到困扰，但原文是说在Owen的团队的研究成果出来前，Nicholas Schiff对找不到证据证明病人的意识状态感到困扰，由此可见，D不正确。 第10题 Owen and Lanreys would most probably agree that______. A patients with VS should not give up their lives B patients with VS should enjoy legal rights too C doctors should leave the choice between life and death to patients D doctors should not ask a patient whether be wants to live or die 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句表明Owen and Laureys认为如果医生询问病人他们是否想活下去，医生将在科学、法律和伦理等方面面临挑战，而这种挑战极为强大，几乎不可战胜，由此推断，Owen and Laureys都认为医生不该提出这样的问题，因此，本题应选D。    [点睛] 原文并没有讨论病人的生死该由医生决定，还是病人自己决定；病人该选择放弃，还是选择生存下去。因此，A和C均不正确。原文没有提及植物人应该享有法定权利的问题，因此，B是用原文中的legal一词随意拼凑的选项，无原文依据。 五、Listening Comprehension（Section B）（共10小题,共70.0分） In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 What do the American doctors say about babies? A Babies begin to learn at 5 or 6 months old. B Babies begin to learn when they're born. C Babies don't like to be taught by strangers. D Babies always want to learn new things. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 26-29    Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency.Its goal is to identify which experiences can influence healthy development in people.Research scientists at the Institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment.They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver.This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people.The American researchers say this ability to earn exists in a baby even before birth.They say newborn babies call recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.A study from the Netherlands found evidence that unborn babies can remember sounds.Dutch researchers studied almost one hundred pregnant women.They played sounds to the growing unborn babies and watched their movements.They found that by thirty weeks of development the unborn babies could remember a sound for ten minutes.By the thirty-fourth week.they could remember the sound for four weeks.    [解析] 短文中提到美国医生认为婴儿从出生第1天开始就具备学习能力，B为原文信息的再现，故正确。    [点睛] ①短文中的Yet表转折，语义转折处常出题。②A是过去某些人的观点；C、D均没有在短文中提及，可排除。 第2题 What is the purpose of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development? A To help all the weak children and women. B To study the genes of babies and mothers. C To find out what affects healthy development in people. D To study why babies are influenced by their environment. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 短文提到该研究院的目的就是确定哪些经历会影响人的健康成长，C与此相符，故正确。    [点睛] A、B均没有在短文提及；D是根据下文的个别细节没置的干扰项，与题意无关。 第3题 What will a baby do if her mother does something she likes? A She will clap. B She will blink. C She will smile. D She will imitate her mother. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 短文明确提到了当母亲做婴儿喜欢的事时，婴儿就会微笑，故C为答案。    [点睛] 符合短文听力“听到什么选什么”的原则。其他各项均未在短文中提及，较易排除。 第4题 According to the speaker,what did the Dutch researchers find out? A Unborn babies can remember sounds. B Unborn babies learn how to smile. C Unborn babies can learn to connect with people. D Unborn babies are active to learn things. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 短文提到荷兰一项研究证明未出生的婴儿能记住声音，短文的后半部分则具体说实验的过程和结果，故确定A正确。    [点晴]①根据选项可确定本题与unborn babies有关，所以听音时应重点留意。②B是关键字unbom babies与短文中提到的smile拼凑而成的干扰项：C是美国研究人员的发现；D未提及。 第5题 What do we learn about the 60 per cent of men who were questioned? A They didn't like to do housework. B Their efforts were unnoticed by the woman. C They were very tired after a whole day's work. D They wanted to share the housework with women. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 30-32    Men said they spent 13 hours a week on household duty including cleaning the washroom，taking out the rubbish and changing the bed sheets．But 60 per cent of the 1000 men questioned said their efforts were    unnoticed by the woman in their lives because they did not like to make a fuss. Almost half said they felt women were more likely to show off about the amount of housework they take on.The task most men said they did was taking out the rubbish--with 85 per cent claiming credit. Carrying the shopping bags was the second most popular housework among men,with 80 per cent saying they take the weight off their wife's shoulders.Food shopping came in third place--with 78 per cent saying they are responsible for restocking the fridge each week. The research by Dove,the beauty brand,found men spend 4.7 hours a week on housework as well as 1.5 hours on DIY and 6.9 hours on childcare.Paul Connell.brand manager of Dove Men Care. said that their research showed that modem men were becoming more vocal about the contribution they make in the home,and the popular stereotype of men doing nothing around the house is no longer accurate.    [解析] 短文说在被访问的男性中，60%的人称他们所做的努力没有得到女性的关注，故B正确。    [点睛] B和D都出现了“女性”，故可推测选项中的they指代的是男性，听音时注意相关的信息。A、C、D均未在短文中提及，较易排除。 第6题 What was the second most popular housework among men? A Cleaning the washroom. B Carring shopping bags. C Taking out the rubbish. D Changing the bed sheets. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 短文说男人干的家庭杂活中第二普遍的是拎购物包，故B正确。    [点睛] ①短文没有说到清洗盥洗室的有关信息，故A错误；倒垃圾是男士最普遍干的家务，故C错误；短文中说到男士普遍干的三种家务中未说到D内 容，故排除。②注意此题应边听边做记录，以便听到问题后可迅速找到与之匹配的选项。 第7题 According to the research by Dove,how long did men spend on DIY each week? A 4.7 hours. B 6.9 hours. C 5.1 hours. D 1.5 hours. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 短文说Dove的调查表明男人每周花4.7个小时在家务上，1.5个小时去做DIY，以及6.9个小时照看小孩，故D正确。    [点睛] 根据选项可推测本题与时间多少有关，听音时需注意与相应时间对应的内容，并做好笔记。 第8题 What does the speaker say about typhoons? A They can be good if they happen in summer. B They occur only in South China sea. C They can usually be seen around the Pacific Ocean. D They happen in spring most often. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 33-35    A bit of rain and wind in summer can be nice.But bad stomps are quite different.Some of the worst storms are typhoons.Every year, about 80 typhoons hit different places around the world. The strongest ones are usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea.Most of them happen in July,August and September.Why?When lots of seawater gets hot in the summer sun,it evaporates into the air.This makes the air hotter,too.When the air gets warm enough,it starts to move higher up into the sky.Then,cooler air around it rushes in to fill the space that is left.Once the air gets warmer,it starts to move more quickly,making wind.The wind goes in circles,and it keeps moving higher in the sky.The warmer the air gets,the quicker the wind moves.And when the wind moves faster than 30 meters a second,a typhoon begins.A typhoon has two parts.One is called the "eye".This is right in the middle of a typhoon and is calm.The eye of typhoon can be about 40 kilometers wide.In the eye,the wind does not move so fast,and there are not many clouds in the eye.The other part of a typhoon is the wall of clouds around the eye.This is where the strongest winds and hardest rains are.Typhoons are very dangerous.They blow away houses and cars.And they can also kill people!Typhoons'hard rains are bad for farmers'crops.    [解析] 短文中提到最猛烈的台风通常发生在太平洋及中国南海周围，C提到了其中一个地方，故为正确答案，同时可以排除B。    [点睛] ①本题的关键是选项中They的所指,此处指的是typhoons。②短文开头就提到在夏天一点点风和雨是挺好的，但风暴就不一样了，故A属于张 冠李戴；短文提到台风在七到九月频发，而非在春季，故D错误。 第9题 In what condition does a typhoon begin? A When the warmer air meets with the cooler air. B When the wind moves faster than 30 meters a second. C When the seawater evaporates into the air. D When the air gets warmer and warmer. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 短文提到当风速大于30米/秒时，台风就开始了，故选B。    [点睛] 由选项可知问题问的是某事发生的时间。且本题符合短文听力“听到什么选什么”的原则。 第10题 What do we learn about the"eye"of a typhoon? A It is the most active part of a typhon. B It moves faster than 40 meters a second. C It is fight in the middle of a typhoon. D It is the most dangerous part of a typhoon. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 短文提到台风眼是在台风正中且较平静，C叙述与此相符，故选C。    [点睛] ①预览选项可推测问题与It的情况有关，由于设题顺序通常与录音的进度一致，故录音中有关上一题的内容之后再出现的名词the"eye"有可能 便是It所指，故要留意昕后面的内容。②短文提到台风眼大概有40千米宽，风跟的区域里风不会刮得很大，风眼外的其他部分则是风最强劲、雨最大的部分，故A、B、D与事实都不符。 六、Translation（本大题5小题．每题7.0分，共35.0分。 Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. (5 minutes) ） 第1题 In addition, your age and general health______(起着重要的作用) what and how you should eat in order to lose weight. 【正确答案】： 答案:play important roles/parts in [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] “对……起作用”常用play a role/part in...；待译部分中主语是复数，所以对应地用play important roles/parts in...。    [点睛] “起……作用”是常考的固定表达，考生看到这样的中文就应该条件反射式地想起对应的词组。 第2题 If you think you are fit for the position, you can______(在本周内在线提交简历). 【正确答案】： 答案:summit your resume on line within this week [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] “提交简历”用summit one's resume表达，“在线”on line，“在本周内”within this week。    [点睛] 本题考查常用短语的表达，在翻译的时候注意将时间状语放在最后。 第3题 Their only request is that______(这个争端尽快解决掉). 【正确答案】： 答案:this dispute(should)be resolved/settled as soon as possible [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本句的主语是request，表语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句要用被动语态，所以待译部分应该为(should)+be done结构。“解决争端”用resolve/settle the dispute。    [点睛] 在由decide,require,request,demand,advise,suggest,propose等表示决定、要求、需要、建议的动词引导的宾语从句或者由这类词的名词或形容词形式引导的其他从句中，从句的谓语动词都要用should+do或should+be done，其中should可以省略。 第4题 I am terribly sorry for______(忘了提前打电话取消约会). 【正确答案】： 答案:forgetting to call in advance to cancel the date [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 介词for后接动词-ing形式，forget to do sth."忘记做某事”；“事先”常译成短语in advance。    [点睛] 待译部分有三个表示动作的词：忘了，打电话，取消会议。翻译的关键是如何组织好这些动作。考生在翻译的时候，不妨划一下层次。forget是最大的动作，之后的动词不定式结构包括了打电话和取消会议，而取消会议是打电话这个动作的目的，又可以用不定式表示，“提前”紧跟“打电话”后，作其状语。 第5题 ______(一想到周六的面试), she will become extremely nervous. 【正确答案】： 答案:At the thought of Saturday's interview [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] “一想到……”用at the thought of...表达。    [点睛] 这个短语是很地道的表达方式，也是四级重点考查的词组，考生应该重点掌握。待译部分在句首时，注意第1个单词首字母应大写。 none、七（共Listening Comprehension（Section C）小题,11共分）77.0 第1题    There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains  (1)   considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless be has  (2)   to learn. So the second factor is what  (3)   to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is hindered environmentally, it is  (4)   that his brain will fail to develop and he will never  (5)   the level of intelligence of which he is capable.    The  (6)   of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be  (7)   by the case of the history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth  (8)   were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate [foster](收养的)homes.  (9)________________________________   .Mark was reared in the home of wealthy parents    who had been to college.  (10) _____________________________________ .This environmental difference continued until the twins were teenagers, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125,  (11)________________________________________   . 【正确答案】： 答案:differ [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]    There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless be has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is hindered environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.    The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case of the history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate [foster](收养的)homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities .Mark was reared in the home of wealthy parents    who had been to college. He was read to as a child，sent to good schools，and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually .This environmental difference continued until the twins were teenagers, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. [解析] 此空所在句缺少谓语动词，differ“不同，不一致”。注意有两个f。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:opportunities [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 此空应填入名词，作has的宾语，opportunity“机会”，注意有两个P，其复数形式为把y改成i，再加es。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:happens [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 此空所在的表语从句缺少谓语动词，且能和to搭配，happen to“发生在……身上”。what作主语，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，词尾要加s。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:likely [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据空前的it is可知，此空可能应填入形容词作表语，likely“很可能的”。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:attain [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 句子结构，此空应填入及物动词，attain“达到”，注意有两个t。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:importance [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据前面的the可知，此空应填入名词，importance“重要性”。 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:demonstrated [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据空格前后的be和by可知，此处应为被动语态，填入动词的过去分词形式，demonstrate“表明”，注意词尾要加d。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:processes [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 此处需要名词做主语，process“过程”，因为后面的系动词是were，因此应为名词复数，注意该词以s结尾，词尾要加es。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听音关键] reared,parents,low intelligence,isolated,poor,educational opportunities    [画龙点睛] 此句是描述Peter的成长环境，和下一句Mark的成长环境形成鲜明的对比，句子结构比较简单，不建议改写，reared,parents,intelligence在文中都有出现，照抄下来即可。 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:He was read to as a child，sent to good schools，and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听音关键] He,read to,sent,good schools,given,opportunity,stimulated    [答案重构] He was read to as a child,sent to good schools,and given every opportunity to develop intelligence．    [画龙点睛] 该句为被动句，抓住三个关键的动作read to,sent,given即可组词成句，句子末尾的难词可以适当转换。 第11题 【正确答案】： 答案:twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听音关键] twenty-five，higher than, average, forty, than,identical    [画龙点睛] 本句主要是听清楚数字和相对应的比较对象，不要混淆即可，identical在文中有出现，可以照搬。 none、八（共Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)小题,10共分）70.0 第1题 To Help the Kids, Parents Go Back to School    For a few years now, every parent of a newborn baby in the South Florida district has received a congratulations packet while still in the hospital that includes, among other things, a colorful animal picture book (in three languages) and a letter from something called the Parent Academy. "Keep in mind that you are, and will always be, your child's first and most important teacher," the letter reads. "Miami-Dade County Public Schools has many resources and opportunities for you to make the most of that awesome responsibility." You have to admit, it's a pretty genius interpretation of that old advertising saying "Get'em while they're young."    While the concept of parent academies--in which towns or school districts offer what are essentially classes and workshops on parenting skills--has been around for more than a decade, several larger cities are starting or expanding such programs in an effort to engage parents who are otherwise uninvolved in their child's education. Philadelphia has invested heavily in this year's launch of a comprehensive and wide-ranging program for parents. Boston is restoring its Parent University following an earlier version's shutdown due to budget cuts. And Miami's Parent Academy, now in its fifth year, offers more than 100 workshops that range from Help Your Child Succeed in Math to Teaching Behavior Skills.    Parent academies are particularly helpful for urban communities full of mothers and fathers who for various reasons are disengaged from their children's education. Many are single parents with second jobs that leave little time to help with schoolwork.Some are immigrants who don't understand much English.Some are parents uncomfortable with schoolwork--a survey released by Intel found that more than 50% of parents would rather talk to their kids about drugs or drunk driving than about math or science. And then there's the general confusion that often comes from dealing with a bureaucracy(官僚作风) as complicated as the typical American school district. "There are parents who are just not as well informed about the way schools work," says Karen Mapp, director of the Education Policy and Management Program at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. "The policies, the procedures, what state test scores mean--it's not that they don't care; they just don't know how."    Picture yourself in the following supposed situations: you're a parent who never graduated high school; you're a parent whose only interactions with schools have been negative ones; you're a parent who has zero recollection of how to divide fractions; you're a parent who has no clue as to what the important dates are on the college- application calendar. Now picture yourself experiencing all of the supposed situations at once, and then imagine how your child would suffer from your knowledge deficiency. For as much as the current wave of education reformers like to maintain that quality teachers and schools can help overcome environmental factors, a child's home life plays an undeniable role in how well they learn, says Mapp.    "I've been doing research on family engagement for about 16 years now," she says. "And there's 40 years of research that indicates a pretty positive relationship between families being engaged in their children's education and positive effects on students in terms of their academic achievement." Mapp is currently helping write a case study on Miami's Parent Academy program, which is one of the nation's most successful big-city attempts in this area. Privately funded by local philanthropists (慈善家) and businesses, the Parent Academy has seen more than 120,000 people participate in its workshops during the past half-decade. It has taught parents everything from how to reinforce reading lessons at home to how to deal with threat and the dangers of sexing.    The county has partly adjusted its approach to serve its large non-English-speaking community. "Many of our newly arrived immigrants don't understand what they can do to support their child's success,and they don't understand the system--there's no point in going to the school board when you're concerned about your child's homework," says Anne Thompson, director of the Miami-Dade program. Because of language issues, she often sees students having to do their parents'jobs in terms of navigating school bureaucracy.    In Philadelphia, superintendent Arlene Ackerman set up a Parent University this year after expressing concern over low literacy rates for parents and children, as well as a general lack of parental engagement among tow-income families, especially among African-American men. Tasked with cherry-picking the best elements from other programs around the country (and tossing the worst), Karren Dunkley, deputy of the Philadelphia School District's Office of Parent, Family and Community Services, and her colleagues realized that they needed to ground the program within the context of adult continuing education. That is, if you're trying to teach adults something, give them the respect of having it resemble a real class, which meets more than once, reinforces lessons and allows parents to form learning-centered relationships with instructors and fellow students--just as their kids do. "When we looked around the country, we found one-hit wonders, where parents would come into schools for daylong workshops," says Dunkley. "That really didn't produce transformative results, nor did it sustain interest or truly give support to parents."    Supported primarily by federal funds, the Philadelphia Parent Academy's "curriculum" runs the scope from a 10-week math-literacy course to a multipart social-etiquette(社交礼仪) class to a one-day session on attendance and truancy(逃课) that teaches parents about "compulsory education and attendance law." It's all targeted toward families in need: parents of children at low-performing schools and residents of housing projects and emergency shelters. Of course, there's no guarantee that the people who need these programs the most will actually take advantage  of them--you  can't force parents to care, no matter how many free classes you offer.Still, says Harvard's Mapp, you have to make progress where you can. "Family engagement is a shared, mutual partnership between educators and parents," she says. "It's a two-way conversation between home and school." The letter in the congratulations packet intends to ______. A persuade parents to go back to school B tell how to avoid parents' responsibility C persuade parents to become teachers D sell colorful animal picture books 【正确答案】： A [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该段第1句表明，该信件来自于the Parent Academy，结合下文对parent academies的说明可推断该信件主要是为说服父母为了孩子应重回校园，故选A。倒数第2句的make the most of表示“充分利用”，B中的avoid与此意相悖，可排除；C、D分别利用原词teacher和animal picture book进行干扰，不是题干中间的目的，故排除。 第2题 Some big cities are launching parent academies programs to _____ A help the children succeed in school B assist parents to be good teachers C engage parents in their child's education D raise parents' attention to their child's education 【正确答案】： C [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句第2分句中的in an effort to表示目的，其前面的内容与题干内容对应，故答案可在to后的内容中寻得，C是对engage parents who...education的概括，故选C。 第3题 The survey by Intel found that more than half of parents ______. A don't help kids with their homework B like to talk about drags or drunk driving C don't like math or science D are unwilling to deal with schoolwork 【正确答案】： D [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句用would rather...than...的句式表明父母不愿意涉及小孩的功课，即破折号前的uncomfortable with schoolwork，据此可推断D正确。A“不帮助小孩做功课”为强干扰项，don't help没有原文支持，且该项没有表达出 原文“不愿意”之义，故不选。 第4题 According to Mapp, besides teachers and schools, what is essential for children's study? A Their own talent. B Their parents' help at home. C Their close friends. D Their parents' knowledge. 【正确答案】： B [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句plays an undeniable role in相当于essential for，how well they learn相当于children's study，据此可推断理解该句主语a child's home life是答题的关键，B是对它的正确理解；故选B。D有一定干扰性，上文提到knowledge deficiency(缺乏知识)，但是从文章语境来看，原文的“知识”是指教育孩子的相关知识，D有把语义大化之嫌，故不选。 第5题 What do we learn about Miami's Parent Academy program from the passage? A It is considered as a great success. B It is funded by the federal funds. C It has a staff of 120,000 people. D It has taught parents everything. 【正确答案】： A [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句which引导的定语从句说明Miami's Parent Academy program是国家最成功的大城市尝试之一，据此可知它被认为是一项成功，A正确。原文说到它是由慈善家和企业资助，B不对；C的staff不正确，是有12万多人参加，而不是它的员工有12万人；第5段最后一句有from...to...限制everything，D扩大语义，不选。 第6题 Why do some students have to navigate school bureaucracy by themselves? A No one else cares about that. B Their parents don't know English. C Their parents have limited time. D Only students are allowed to do that. 【正确答案】： B [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句表原因的Because of引出的原因是language issues，结合上文可知语言问题就是“不会说英语”。故选B。 第7题 A Parent University was set up in Philadelphia partly due to ______. A the low income among the African-American families B the shortage of facility to help low-income families C the common illiteracy for some parents and children D the low school attendance rates of children 【正确答案】： C [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 该句用as well as并列两个问题：一个是家长和小孩的文化水平低，另一个是低收入家庭缺乏家长管制；C是对第1个问题的同义替换，故选C。A是利用原文原词随意拼凑，不符题意，注意排除此干扰项。 第8题 Karren Dunkley realized that the parent academic program should be on the basis of______. 【正确答案】： adult continuing education   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 此处需填入名词性成分，作of的宾语。该句中的ground...within the context of...是常用表达，表示“以……为根据”，题干中的on the basis of表示“根据”，它们意思相近，据此可知of后的adult continuing education为本题答案。   第9题 The Philadelphia Parent Academy's "curriculum" is funded______by federal funds. 【正确答案】： primarily   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 此处需填入副词性成分，作句子的状语。该句句首的分句用的是过去分词短语形式，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语the Phiadelphia Parent Academy's “curriculum”题干中的funded是对supported的同义改写，不难得出正确答案primarily。   第10题 According to Mapp, educators and parents should work in a______ partnership to help the kids. 【正确答案】： shared, mutual   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 此处需填入形容词性成分，修饰partnership。该句提到的partnership是在教育者和家长之间，题干表达与此一致，原文修饰该词的是shared,mutual，可知答案正是shared，mutual。   九、Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)（共10小题,共90.0分） In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 第1题    Skip that third helping of roast beef, save the planet and do your heart a favor at the same time.    That's the advice of Alan Dangour of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and colleagues who  (1)   the livestock industry's potential to help the UK reduce its carbon emissions to half of 1990 levels by 2030, and the knock-on effect on the nation's health.    They found that the industry could reduce its emissions, but only if the livestock the UK produces, and the meat the nation  (2)  , drops by 30 per cent. Farms must also optimize(最优化) their energy  (3)   by, for example, capturing carbon in animal waste.    The health pay-off would be  (4)  : 18,000 fewer people would die prematurely in the UK each year from heart attceks--a(n)  (5)   of 17 per cent--as they would eat less of the fats found in meat.    The effect would not be limited to rich nations. The team found that Brazil could  (6)   the same health benefits. "We're not saying go vegetarian, we're saying reduce how much livestock produce you consume," says Dangour. The savings could be  (7)   higher if reduced death rates from cancer and obesity had been included,he adds.    Agronomist(农艺学家) Kenneth Cassman of the University of Nebraska warns that cutting production in one region can  (8)   it elsewhere, causing a rise in global emissions. "Reducing production of livestock products in a developed country like the UK does little to influence global  (9)   in production and consumption where most of the increase in demand between now and 2050 will come from  (10)   countries," he says. A) developing I) boast B) even   J) achieve C) trends   K) considerate D) explored   L) offers E) developed M) reduction F) just   N) boost G) considerable O) efficiency H) consumes   【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为动词。此空谓语动词的宾语是下文的potential(可能性)和effect(结果)，根据前面的人物Alan和colleagues可推测应该是这些人研究关于碳排放的问题，explore常与potential搭配，表示“探索可能性”，故选explored。 第2题 【正确答案】：H 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为动词。与之并列的produces一词表明家畜的生产，由此可知此处应该表示肉类的“消费”，且下文的produce you consume和production and consumption很好地提示了此处应选consumes，与produces并列。 第3题 【正确答案】：O 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为名词。名词词库中最适合与optimise一词搭配的是efficiency，表示“优化效率”，且energy efficiency是常见固定搭配，表“能源效率”。下文提到的例子“从动物粪便中获取碳”也是与能源效率有关，故选efficiency。 第4题 【正确答案】：G 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为形容词。从空后的冒号可知此处为总结性话语，而冒号后的具体内容是支撑该观点的。该句提到“英国每年因心脏病而早逝的人将会减少1.8万人”，由18,000 fewer可推断此处表示健康方面的良好结果是“可观的”，选considerable。注意considerate只是形近，意思指“体贴的；考虑周到的”，与语义不符。 第5题 【正确答案】：M 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为名词。上文提到因心脏病而早逝的人会减少，结合空后的17 per cent可知此处表示“减少”17%，reduction符合文意。 第6题 【正确答案】：J 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为动词。根据could可知应该是动词原形，the same health benefits表明巴西的情况与英国的一样，动词词库中，achieve最符合文意．表示“获得……益处”。 第7题 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为副词。空后的条件状语从句表明在一定条件下，节省程度会更高，even符合这种递进语义．故为答案。just放在此处语义不通，可排除。 第8题 【正确答案】：N 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为动词。由上文的warns以及下文的现在分词短语causing...emissions表明一个地区的产量降低还是减少不了全球碳的排放量，故可推断此处应该是指“会使得其他地方的产最提高”，才可能最终导致全球碳排放量上升，boost符合文意。 第9题 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为名词。根据下文的将来时态可知此处表示未来状况，名词词库中trends(趋势)符合此意。 第10题 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：9.0分 【答案解析】 此处应为形容词。上文提到Kenneth认为在像英国这样的发达国家降低产量几乎不能影响全球趋势，由此可推断此处应该是他把责任归咎到发展中国家，developing符合语义。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com