2019版高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 4 Body language讲义 新人教版必修4

Unit 4 Body language 话题素材——语言与文化 [话题词汇] 1．communicate vi. 交际；交流　 2.misunderstand vi. 误解；误会 3．complicated adj. 复杂的 4.gesture n. 手势；姿势；姿态 5．sensitive adj. 敏感的 6.convey vt. 表达；传递 7．facial_expression 面部表情 8．express one's feelings 表达某人的感情 9．tell the difference between 说出……的区别 10．arouse_one's_curiosity 引起某人的好奇心 11．put sb. at ease 让某人放轻松 12．body_language 肢体语言 13．keep one's distance 保持距离 14．shake_hands_with_sb. 与某人握手 15．get sth. across to sb. 使某人理解某事 [经典佳句] 1．It_goes_without_saying_that a smile can help us get_through difficult situations and find friends in a world full of strangers. 毫无疑问，微笑能够帮助我们渡过难关，并帮助我们在一个充满陌生人的世界里找到朋友。 2．To_avoid_such_conflicts,_we should be kind to one another and “do_as_the__Romans_do”． 为了避免这样的冲突，我们应彼此善待对方，并做到“入乡随俗”。 3．Having_a_good_command_of_different_body_languages is of great use for us to communicate with foreigners more conveniently. 熟练掌握不同的肢体语言有助于我们更方便地与外国人交流。 精美语篇 As we have more communication with foreigners, we should pay more attention to the differences in our body language. As we all know, many differences exist between Chinese and American body language. For example, there are more touching gestures in China than in America. Women or girls in China often walk hand in hand, which is very rare in America. Also, Americans think it rude to put out one's tongue, while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed. Furthermore, Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them, while Americans do so to offer encouragement or comfort. In a word, only by fully understanding all the differences in body language can we expect to achieve proper communication. ◆　高频单词 1．statement (n.) 陈述；说明→state (vt.) 声明；陈述→state (n.) 状态；州；国家 2．greet (vi.& vt.) 迎接；问候→greeting (n.) 迎接；问候；招呼 3．represent (vt.) 代表；象征→representative (adj.) 有代表性的 (n.) 代表；典型 4．association (n.) 社团；联系；联想→associate (vt.) 把……联系起来 5．curious (adj.) 好奇的→curiously (adv.) 好奇地→curiosity (n.) 好奇；好奇心 6．approach (vt.& vi.) 接近；靠近；走近 (n.) 接近；方法；途径 7．defend (vt.) 保护；保卫→defence (n.) 防御；保卫→defensive (adj.) 防御性的；有戒心的 8．major (adj.) 主要的→majority (n.) 大多数；大部分 9．misunderstand (vt.) 误解；误会→misunderstood (过去式/过去分词)→misunderstanding (n.) 误解；误会 10．dash (vi.) 猛冲；突进 11．adult (n.) 成人；成年人 (adj.) 成人的；成熟的 12．simply (adv.) 简单地；只→simple (adj.) 简单的；朴素的→simplify (vt.) 简化 13．spoken (adj.) 口语的→unspoken (adj.) 未说出口的；心照不宣的 14．facial (adj.) 面部的→face (n.) 脸；面部 15．function (n.) 作用；功能；职能 (vi.) 起作用；运转 16．ease (n.) 安逸；舒适 (vt.) 减轻(痛苦、忧虑) 17．truly (adv.) 真实地；真诚地；真正地→true (adj.) 真实的→truth (n.) 事实；真理 18．false (adj.) 错误的；假的 19．anger (n.) 怒气；怒火→angry (adj.) 生气的→angrily (adv.) 愤怒地；生气地 20．subjective (adj.) 主观的→objective (反义词) (adj.) 客观的→subject (n.) 学科；主题 21．rank (n.) 等级；军衔 ◆　重点短语 1．in_defence　　防御；保卫 2．on_the_contrary 相反 3．be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望…… 4．in_general 总的来说；通常 5．defend ... against 防御；保卫……以免受…… 6．point at 指着 7．at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 8．lose face 丢脸 9．turn one's back to 背对 10．in most cases 在大多数情况下 ◆　热点句型 1．“特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分”句式 What do_you_think (你认为) is the purpose of language? (教材P25) 2．动词不定式作后置定语 The_first_person_to_arrive (第一个到达的人) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. (教材P26) 3．not all ... 表示部分否定 Not_all_cultures_greet_each_other_the_same_way (各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同), nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. (教材P26) 4.(sb./sth.) be likely to do sth.(某人或某物)可能做某事 However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch (很可能接触) them. (教材P26) ◆　同步训练 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Yesterday, another student and I, ________ (represent) our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students. 答案：representing 2．I saw several young people enter the waiting area ________ (look) around curiously. 答案：looking 3．I stood for a minute ________ (watch) them and then went to greet them. 答案：watching 4．She stepped back ________ (appear) surprised and put up her hands, as if ________ defence. 答案：appearing; in 5．When Darlene Coulon from France came ________ (dash) through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face. 答案：dashing 6．These actions are not good or bad, ________ are simply ways ________ which cultures have developed. 答案：but; in 7．Body language is one of ________ most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than ________ (speak) language. 答案：the; spoken 8．________ (nod) the head up and down ________ (use) for agreement almost worldwide. 答案：Nodding; is used 9．In almost every culture ________ is not good to stand too close to someone of a ________ (high) rank. 答案：it; higher 10．Standing at a little distance with open hands will show ________ I am willing to listen. 答案：that 1 approach　vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近 　 　 　 　n．接近；方法；途径 教材原句 Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek！(P26) 托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了一下她的脸颊！ (1)at the approach of 在……快要来临的时候 an approach to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法 (2)approach sth./sb. 接近/靠近某物/某人 (1)approach表示“接近；靠近”时，为不可数名词；表示“处理、对待……的方法、途径”时，为可数名词，其后常与to搭配。 (2)表示“(做)事情的方法”的搭配有： the approach to (doing) sth. the way to do/of (doing) sth. the means of (doing) sth. the method of (doing) sth. (3)注意以下不同的介词搭配： with this method/in this way/by this means ①Many kinds of birds fly south at_the_approach_of winter. 冬季来临之时，许多种鸟往南方飞。 ②They took a more reasonable approach_to_teaching their children, conveying to them how success at school could improve their lives. 他们采取一种更合理的方法教育他们的孩子，让他们明了学业成功是如何改善他们的生活的。 ③The time for graduation is_approaching. 毕业的日子即将来临。 ④Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. 他们靠近那辆车，看见一个妇女正努力从破损的窗户向外爬。 2 defend　vt.保护；保卫　 defencen.防御；保卫 教材原句 She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.(P26) 她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。 (1)defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth. 保护某人/某物免受某人/某物的伤害 defend sb./sth./oneself against sth. 为某人/某事/自己辩解/辩白 (2)in defence (of ...) 为了保卫(……) in sb.'s/sth.'s defence 为某人/某物辩护 ①The drug helps the body defend_itself_against some kinds of infections. 这种药帮助身体对抗某些种类的传染病。 ②It is said that the murderer has employed a famous lawyer to_defend_himself. 据说那个杀人犯聘请了一位著名的律师为他辩护。 ③All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in_defence_of their own homes. 所有的人，无论男女老幼，都与洪水作斗争，保卫自己的家园。 [易混辨析] defend 着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯 protect 指采取一定措施，使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害，使用范围广泛 guard 强调通过看守警戒，以确保安全 ④用defend, protect, guard的适当形式填空 a．The sergeant told Swift to guard the entrance to the building. b．We must protect the children from harm. c．We shall defend our country, whatever the cost may be. 3 curious　adj.好奇的 教材原句 Julie was curious to find out more, so after talking with her parents that evening, she booked a flight to South America.(P28) 朱莉想了解更多，所以那晚与父母交谈之后订了去南美的航班。 (1)be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 很想/渴望干某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 ①It is good to be_curious_about the world around you because curiosity is the best teacher. 对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为好奇心是最好的老师。 ②I am_curious_to_know what has happened to him. 我想知道他发生了什么事。 ③The little boy, out_of_curiosity,_took the radio set apart. 这个小男孩出于好奇把收音机给拆了。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The customers relieved their ________ (angry) by smashing the display window. 答案：anger　此处用名词作动词relieve的宾语。anger“怒气；怒火”。 2．One's ________ (face) expression may tell you some of his/her inner feelings. 答案：facial　形容词作定语修饰名词expression。facial expression “面部表情”。 3．At the class meeting, the students discussed some different approaches ________ the study of English. 答案：to　approach后接介词to，表示“……的方法”。 4．On seeing his mother, the boy looked at her ________ (curious), as if she were a complete stranger. 答案：curiously　修饰动词短语，应用副词形式。 5．________ (misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience. 答案：Being misunderstood　由表语所述“一种很糟糕的体验”可知，此处表示经验或惯常的行为，应用动名词，且表被动含义，故用动名词的被动形式作主语。所以填Being misunderstood。 6．The Chinese mainland has 157 billionaires in 2017, ________ (rank) second in the number of billionaires worldwide. 答案：ranking　rank second “排名第二”。句子的主语The Chinese mainland与rank之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．As we know, blue can also ________________. 众所周知，蓝色同样也代表了忧伤。 答案：represent sadness 2．The duty of the soldiers is ________________________ its enemies. 士兵的职责是保护国家不受敌人的侵袭。 答案：to defend the country against/from 3．The sofa can also __________________ a bed if there are more guests. 如果客人多了，这个沙发也可当床用。 答案：function as 4．I ____________ English literature when I was in university. 上大学时我主修的是英国文学。 答案：majored in 　　be likely to 很可能……；有希望…… 教材原句 However， people from places like Spain， Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.P26 不过，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能用身体接触对方。 (1)sb./sth. be likely to do sth. 某人/某物可能做某事 It is likely that ... 做……是可能的。(主语从句) Not likely! 不可能！ (2)unlikely adj. 不太可能的 ①You are_likely_to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ＝It_is_likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 如果你继续吸烟，很有可能会健康状况不佳。 ②It's pretty unlikely that they'll turn up now—it's nearly ten o'clock. 他们现在不大可能来了——都快10点了。 [易混辨析] likely 指从外表、迹象上进行判断有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语 It is likely that ... 或sb./sth. is likely to ... possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或 It is possible that ... probable probable的可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。也不能以人作主语 It's probable that ... 不能用It's probable for sb. to do这一结构 　　in general 总的来说；通常 教材原句 In general， though， studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads！P26 但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！ (1)general knowledge 常识 as a general rule 一般而言；通常 (2)generally adv. 一般地；通常地 generally speaking 通常来说；总的来说(在句中作插入语) (3)on the whole 总的来说＝in a word＝in short＝in brief＝all in all＝in general ①In_general,_women can expect to live six or seven years more than men. 总的来说，女性会比男性多活六、七年。 ②Generally_speaking,_parents care more about their children's health than about their own. 一般来说，父母关心孩子的健康胜过关心自己的健康。 ③As_a_general_rule,_the more expensive the computer is, the better it is. 一般来说，电脑越贵越好。 　　lose face 丢脸；失面子 教材原句 There are unhappy smiles， such as when someone“loses face” and smiles to hide it.P30 还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”时，就会用微笑来掩饰。 (1)save one's face 挽回面子 make a face 做鬼脸 (2)be faced with 面对 (3)face to face 面对面 in the face of 面对(问题、困难、危险等) ①You'd better make great efforts to achieve it, otherwise you will lose_face. 你最好全力以赴去实现它，否则你会颜面尽失的。 ②Rather than admit failure, Frank made_a_face in order to save_his_face. 弗兰克为了保全面子，没有承认失败，而是做了个鬼脸。 ③Faced_with_difficulties,_we never give up but try our best to find a way out. 面对困难时，我们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。 ④I've never met her face_to_face. We've only talked on the phone. 我从来没有和她见过面。我们只在电话中交谈过。 ⑤We should not lose heart in_the_face_of_difficulties. 在面对困难时，我们不应该泄气。 　　at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 教材原句 The most universal facial expression is， of course， the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.P30 微笑当然是最普遍使用的面部表情，其作用是表达快乐和使人放松。 (1)with ease轻易地；毫不费力地 feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松 put sb. at ease使某人放松 take one's ease休息；轻松一下 (2)ease sb. of sth.减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) ①He didn't feel completely at_ease in the strange surroundings. 他在陌生的环境中感到不那么自在。 ②He passed the exam with_ease. 他轻而易举地通过了考试。 ③When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put_yourself_at_ease. 当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松下来。 ④The medicine eased_him_of the pain. 这药减轻了他的疼痛。 Ⅰ.选词填空 in general； be likely to； turn one's back to； point at； at ease； lose face 1．In order not to ________， he spent the whole night preparing for the speech of the next day. 答案：lose face 2．It is rude to ________ your finger ________ others. 答案：point; at 3．I didn't see his face clearly because he ________ me. 答案：turned his back to 4．Look, dark clouds are gathering in the sky; it ________ rain later on. 答案：is likely to 5．________ her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful. 答案：In general 6．With our work finished, we felt more ________ than three days ago. 答案：at ease Ⅱ.完成句子 1．At the conference, political leaders from many countries promised to work together to ____________________ terrorism and other threats. 在会上，来自多个国家的领导人承诺共同携手保护世界免受恐怖和其他危胁。 答案：defend the world against/from 2．He thought his marketing plan was perfect, but _____________， it was not and it failed. 他以为自己的营销计划完美无缺，而事实恰恰相反，这个计划不仅不完美，还徒劳无功。 答案：on the contrary 3．I have to say __________________ that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说句话，她之前对此事一无所知。 答案：in her defence 4．__________________ we should turn to our teacher to solve difficult problems. 在大多数情况下，我们求助老师解决难题。 答案：In most cases The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia， closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.P26 第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱丽娅·史密斯。 to arrive是不定式作后置定语。 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，next, only, last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。 (2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, effort, anxiety, answer, attempt, way等。 (3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。 ①In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to_win the Nobel Peace Prize. 在1931年，亚当斯成为美国第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的女士。 ②The ability to_express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。 ③Mr Li bought a comfortable flat to_live_in. 李先生买了一套舒适的公寓居住。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Do you have the ability ________ (read) and write in English? 答案：to read　此处为不定式作后置定语，用于修饰抽象名词。句意：你具备用英语读写的能力吗？ 2．With so many destinations ________ (choose) from, you are bound to have a good time in your vacation. 答案：to choose　此处为with的复合结构[with＋宾语＋to do (宾补)]。to do作宾补表示动作尚未发生。句意：有这么多的目的地可供选择，你在假期一定会玩得很开心。 3．There is no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ________ (contact) you failed. 答案：to contact　此处为不定式作定语修饰抽象名词的用法。句意：那个遥远的村庄没有任何标识，我试图联系你的所有努力都失败了。 4．He is a pleasant fellow to work ________. 答案：with　此处为不定式作定语，work为不及物动词，故其后加介词with。work with “与……共事”。 5. If yon can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely ________ (improve)． 答案：to improve　be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．In fact, women are less ________________ high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 事实上，妇女们得高血压或死于心脏病的可能性不大。 答案：likely to have 2．What ________________ you can do to solve the problem? 你认为你能为解决这个问题做些什么？ 答案：do you think 3．Wang Yaping has become ______________________________ in space. 王亚平已成为第二个在太空工作的中国女宇航员。 答案：the second Chinese woman astronaut to work 动词­ing形式作定语和状语 动词的­ing形式作定语 1．表示名词的属性、作用或用途。 ①There is a swimming pool in our school. 在我们学校有一个游泳池。 2．表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句。 ②The boy studying in the classroom is our monitor. (＝The boy who is studying in the classroom is our monitor.) 在教室学习的男孩是我们班长。 3．当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在该名词后。 ③I was satisfied with the exciting speech. 我对这次激动人心的演讲感到满意。 ④They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在朝南的一个房子里。 动词的­ing形式作状语 　动词的­ing形式在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。 ⑤Turning around, I saw a car driving up. 当我转身的时候，我看到一辆车开过来。 ⑥Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn't get in touch with him. 因为不知道他的电话号码，我不能和他取得联系。 ⑦Working hard, you'll make great progress. 努力学习，你就能取得巨大进步。 ⑧He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It improved her ________ (live) conditions. 答案：living　此处应用v.­ing形式作定语，表明其后名词的属性。living conditions “生活条件”。 2．The child slipped and fell, ________ (hit) his head against the door. 答案：hitting　由于句中已有谓语动词，且主句主语The child和hit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作结果状语，故填hitting。句意：孩子滑倒了，头撞在门上。 3．________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 答案：Having worked　主语Steve与work之间为主动关系，且work先于主句谓语动词发生，故而用现在分词的完成式。 4．Today there are more airplanes ________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 答案：carrying　分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给动词的非谓语形式。airplanes与carry之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句意：和过去相比，现在空中的飞机更多了，载客量也更大了。 5．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ (wonder) whether to stay or leave. 答案：wondering　she与wonder之间为主动关系，应用现在分词表伴随。句意：当那位职员看到了一张善良、满是皱纹又带着歉意的笑脸时，她呆呆地站在那里，考虑着是走还是留。 Ⅱ.单句改错 1．Nowadays there are some students use cell phones to copy teacher's lecture notes. ___________________ 答案：use→using 2．Judged from the name, we think she must be a kind­hearted woman. ___________________ 答案：Judged→Judging 3．I believe she lay awake at night thought up important things to do the next day. ___________________ 答案：thought→thinking Ⅰ.完形填空 For several years, we lived at the end of a long Texas country road. Every evening when I was away from home on business, my little boy would ask __1__ of his mother to take his black __2__ and his daddy's walking stick, to make the half­mile __3__ from the house to the fence which __4__ the beginning of the dirty driveway. One day, I was busy with my business and was __5__ for about an hour, completely forgetting about the __6__ little boy down the road who might be __7__ for his daddy. On my way home, the rain was so thick that I could not __8__ ten feet in front of me. All I could __9__ was finishing my journey and getting out of the rain. __10__， the downpour began to abate (减弱). It was only a drizzle (细雨) by the time my car turned the last __11__ and approached the final street between me and a warm home and nice meal. __12__， I caught sight of my little boy, who was __13__ an umbrella in one hand, a walking stick in the other, and was wearing the biggest and most beautiful smile ever to lighten the __14__ of a little boy. As I stopped the car and __15__ the door, he ran into my arms and held me long and hard. He was __16__ and trembling (颤抖) with cold, but he never __17__ the rain, nor the hour­long wait. He simply said，“Daddy, I missed you. I am so glad you are home.” Last year, we __18__ to a wonderful new home provided for a special season in our lives. We no longer have a long country road. __19__， I have never forgotten the rainy day and the little boy and his black dog. Often, perhaps a thousand times, that __20__ has appeared in my mind. Like all events in our lives, it happens once, and must be treasured. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的小儿子每天都在路口等作者回家，甚至在一个下着大雨的傍晚，孩子依然忠诚地等待在路口，那个场景让作者时常想起，一生珍惜。 1．A.favour B．permission C．praise D．questions 答案：B　根据语境可知每天晚上作者的儿子总是请求母亲允许他带着他的黑狗和父亲的拐杖去等父亲回家。ask permission of sb. “请求某人允许”。故选B。 2．A.bag B．dog C．umbrella D．toy 答案：B　根据末段中“... I have never forgotten the rainy day and the little boy and his black dog”可知儿子带着他的黑狗来接作者，故选B。 3．A.journey B．flight C．drive D．ride 答案：A　根据空后内容可知从作者的家到栅栏有半英里的路程，从情理推断小孩子是步行去接作者。make the half­mile journey “走半英里的路”。故选A。 4．A.discovered B．explained C．marked D．described 答案：C　通常从自家车库通向大路的车道，往往被称作driveway，由此可知栅栏处是“标志着”通向家这段路的开始。 5．A.controlled B．trained C．delayed D．bothered 答案：C　根据下文的“nor the hour­long wait”可以判断，作者因为忙于生意，被耽搁了时间，没能按往常的时间回家，故选C。 6．A.hopeful B．grateful C．careful D．faithful 答案：D　根据文章内容可知孩子每天傍晚都去路口等父亲下班回家，而且下雨天也不例外，说明了孩子的忠诚。 7．A.waiting B．sending C．searching D．calling 答案：A　根据文章首段内容可知孩子每天都去等父亲下班回家，故选A。 8．A.drive B．see C．feel D．hear 答案：B　此处指雨下得非常大，作者甚至都看不清前面10英尺以外的路，故选B。 9．A.stick to B．think of C．pick up D．hold out 答案：B　根据空后内容可以推断这是作者心里想的，他盼着能早点到家，故选B。 10．A.In fact B．In surprise C．At once D．At last 答案：D　前面介绍雨下得很大，后面提到雨下得小了起来，这里表示事情的发展顺序，所以用“最终；最后”，故选D。 11．A.moment B．corner C．street D．way 答案：B　根据空后内容“... and approached the final street ...”可以推断作者转了最后一个弯，才到了通往家的马路上，故选B。 12．A.All of a sudden B．Believe it or not C．In other words D．For seconds 答案：A　根据上文第二段可知作者在忙碌中忘记了在路口等他的孩子，所以当他看到儿子的时候，感觉很突然，故选A。 13．A.holding B．taking C．folding D．carrying 答案：A　根据语境判断在雨中孩子一只手举着伞，一只手拿着爸爸的拐杖。 14．A.body B．head C．face D．hand 答案：C　根据上文“... and was wearing the biggest and most beautiful smile ...”可知，是脸上的微笑照亮了他的脸，故选C。 15.A.closed B．locked C．knocked D．opened 答案：D　根据语境可推知作者停下车，然后打开车门下车，故选D。 16.A.glad B．hot C．wet D．sad 答案：C　根据上文可知当时在下雨，而且孩子又冷得“发抖”，由此判断孩子淋湿了，故选C。 17.A.noticed B．doubted C．judged D．mentioned 答案：D　根据空格后的“the rain, nor the hour­long wait. He simply said ...”可以推断孩子见到父亲非常高兴，没有提到淋雨，也没有提到他在雨中的等待，故选D。 18.A.moved B．turned C．returned D．travelled 答案：A　根据下文的“a wonderful new home”和“no longer have a long country road”可知，作者一家“搬家”了，故选A。 19.A.Therefore B．Besides C．Otherwise D．However 答案：D　根据语境判断，上下文是转折关系，故选D。 20.A.time B．scene C．act D．sight 答案：B　儿子在雨中等他的那一幕以及对他说的话使作者终生难忘，当时的情景经常浮现在脑海中。 Ⅱ.阅读理解 A Nonverbal Communication When you are in another country, it is important to know the language, but it is equally important to know how to communicate nonverbally (不用言语地). Before saying anything, people communicate nonverbally by making gestures. According to an investigation, only 30 to 35 percent of our communication is verbal. When people don't know the language, the most common way to communicate is through gestures. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world. In the United States, for example, nodding your head up and down means “yes”. In some parts of Greece and Turkey, however, this motion can mean “no”. In Southeast Asia, nodding your head is a polite way of saying “I've heard you.” In ancient Rome, when the emperor wanted to spare someone's life, he would put his thumb up. Today in the United States, when someone puts his/her thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Sardinia and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there. In the United States, raising your clasped (握紧的) hands above your head means “I'm the champion” or “I'm the winner”. It is the sign that prizefighters make when they win a fight. When a leading Russian statesman (政治家) made this gesture after a White House meeting, Americans misunderstood and thought he meant he was a winner. In Russia, however, it is a sign of friendship. There are other nonverbal signals that people should be aware of when they go to another country, such as the distance to maintain between speakers. Americans stand closer to each other than English people. English people don't like touching somebody or being touched. Now in America, touch is important. For example, friends touch each other on the arm. They often put an arm around a friend when they say “hello” or “goodbye”． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言作为非语言交际的重要性及其在不同国家代表的不同含义。 1．It is very important to know how to communicate nonverbally when you are in another country because ________. A．most people speak different languages B．much of our communication is nonverbal on many occasions C．people usually make gestures before saying anything D．it's easy to learn how to express oneself through gestures 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，语言交流所占比例很低，当人们不了解他国语言时，更多的是用身势语，故B项正确。 2．If a native in Singapore nods his head up and down when you talk to him, his motion means ________. A．yes B．no C．that's all right D．I've heard you 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，D项正确，注意新加坡是东南亚的一个岛国。 3．When the Russian leader put up his clasped hands after the meeting at the White House ________. A．he meant Russia was the winner B．he was insulting America C．he made a show of friendship to America D．he in fact meant nothing at all 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知他在表示友好，故C项正确。 4．The gesture of putting one's thumb up should not be used when you are travelling in ________. A．China B．the United States C．Greece D．Southeast Asia 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其最后一句可知，这个动作在希腊和撒丁岛代表的含义是侮辱性的，因而不能使用，故C项正确。 B Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language? In a recent Wall Street Journal article, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so, we'll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built­in microphones. That's because technological progress is extremely rapaid. It's only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they're wondering if their kids should even learn a second language. It's true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It's not good to sleep too much.” Replacing a word with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part” of a translator's job. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers. It's so difficult for computers because translation doesn't—or shouldn't—involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it's about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use. Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议。作者通过语言交流在语调、情感、情境和文化方面的复杂性，论证了即使科技高速发展，机器翻译仍然无法取代人类自身在交流中所起的作用。 5．What does the underlined word “imminent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ready. B．Approaching. C．Helpful. D．Advanced. 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据文章第二段第二句及第四句可知，由于科技发展迅猛，一些家长确信该项科技会很快到来，他们在想他们的孩子是否还应该学习一门第二语言。由此可推测，imminent的意思是“即将发生的；逼近的”，与approaching意义相近。故选B项。 6．Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent (同义词)? A．Their data is not adequate enough. B．The real meaning of words can vary. C．Their accuracy needs big improvement. D．A soul hasn't been breathed in them. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一、二句可知，翻译涉及的不仅仅是单词、句子，而是意思的转换，这对电脑来说太难了。故选B项。 7．What view does the author hold about translation? A．Proper translation can be tough for computers. B．Slight distinctions matter little in translation. C．Some machines will interpret our world properly. D．Cultures deserve more attention than words used. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句及最后一段第二句可知，来自不同文化的人都有可能会在无意中冒犯对方，我们就别指望机器能做得更好了。故选A项。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．An Expert's Precise Prediction B．The Complexity of Translation C．Who Will Be a Better Translator? D．Will Language Barrier Actually Fall? 答案：D　标题判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者在探讨语言交流障碍是否会因为科技的发展而消除。故选D项。 Ⅲ.短文改错 A young man calling Brother Low­Carbon became a hit on the Internet in 2012. He suggests we should live a low carbon life, which means using more energy in his daily life, thus reducing carbon dioxide in the air. For example, he always collects some waste paper or uses the blank sides to write something on. While watching TV, he always turned down the screen brightness to the minimum and turns off the light. Besides, he goes to work by bike instead driving. Some people think what he is doing is just a show. No one can live such a simple life with so many modern invention around us. Personally, I strong support his idea and his behavior. Although what he is doing have no huge effect on global warming, he can enjoy healthy life at least. 答案： A young man 1．calling→called　考查非谓语动词。man与call之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语called Brother Low­Carbon作定语修饰man。 2．more→less　考查形容词。由常识可知低碳生活意味着使用更少的能源，而不是更多的能源。故用less修饰energy。 3．his→our　考查代词。句意：这意味着在我们的日常生活中使用更少的能源。此处代词指代前面的we，故用our。 4．or→and　考查连词。collects some waste paper和uses the blank sides是并列的谓语，表示并列关系，而非选择关系，用连词and。 5．去掉on　考查介词。句意：使用空白部分写东西。on是多余的，要去掉。 6．turned→turns　考查动词的时态。此处描述经常性、习惯性行为，故应用一般现在时。另外依据and是并列连词，它前后连接两个平行的语法成分，turns down和turns off用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。 7．在instead后加of　考查介词。instead “代替，相反，而”，是副词，instead of sb./sth.是固定用法，意为“代替，而不是”。由文章此处的driving可知，此处要用介词。 8．invention→inventions　考查名词的复数。invention是可数名词，其前有many修饰时，要用复数形式。 9．strong→strongly　考查副词。support是动词，要用形容词strong的副词形式strongly修饰。 10．have→has　考查主谓一致。what he is doing是从句作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，即has。