2014年专业八级翻译分类专项试题(十一)

专业八级翻译分类专项试题(十一) 一、Chinese to English （本大题5小题．每题10.0分，共50.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. ） 第1题 在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的情况，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当做最珍贵的友谊。正如歌德所说，“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。”这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。   【正确答案】： 答案: In the process of exploring truth, people will have to experience tremendous hardships and difficulties before they can come to understand the objective laws. It is often the case that the differences in the research perspectives, the materials mastered, and the ways of understanding would lead to totally different results—as we might say, "a mountain becomes a hill when viewed horizontally and a ridge when viewed vertically, and it assumes totally different shapes when viewed from a short or a long distance, or from a high or a low. position. "—and even lead to academic disputes. Therefore, an accomplished scientist would regard opposing arguments as his most tremendous benefit and take others' criticism of him as the most precious friendship that he can ever obtain. In Gothe's words, "We take for granted what we are in favor of. However, only what we are opposed to can enrich our thoughts." This is all because the approving opinions are not necessarily justified while the opposing arguments are not necessarily unfounded. To put it in the least way, even the opposing arguments that are mistaken will be immensely beneficial to one's own scientific research. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．在……的过程中：可译为in the process of。 2．艰苦曲折：可译为tremendous hardships and difficulties。 3．客观规律：即objective laws。 4．常常有这样的情形：可译为it is often the case that。 5．由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同：在结构上是并列的，且都在说明不同性，因此可处理为the differences in the research perspectives，the materials mastered，and the ways of understanding。 6．就会出现“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的情况：句中含有诗句。针对原文中出现引语或诗句，在翻译中通常将其抽离出来，用as the saying goes或as we might say来引导。因此该部分可译为would lead to totally different results—as we might say，“a mountain...from a high or a low position.”。“远近高低”不能逐字译为distance，vicinity，high and low。根据上下文，“远近高低”指看的角度或位置不同，故应译为viewed from a short or a long distance，or from a high or a low position。 7．因此，有作为的……友谊：可译为包含两个谓语动词的并列句。“有作为的科学工作者”可译为an accomplished scientist；“反对的意见”译为opposing arguments/opinions。“把……看作/当作”可译为regard/consider/view...as，或take...as。 8．正如歌德所说：译为In Gothe's words。 9．处之泰然：在此含有“理所当然”之意，可泽为take...for granted。 10．使我们的思想获得丰产：指使我们的思想更加丰富，可译为enrich our thoughts。 11．赞同的东西：可译为what we agree with，或what we are in favor of。 12．“赞同的意见未必正确”和“反对的意见未必错误”：构成比照关系，故可用比较连词while连接。 13．未必：译为not necessarily即可。 14．退一步说：可译为to put it in the least way。 15．对……有好处：可译为be beneficial to。 第2题 这以后的九个年头，为了保持求学(尤其是英语学习)的高昂斗志，我压抑着对音乐的朦胧向往。我的这番努力取得了丰硕成果，我在家乡读完了中学和大学，都很顺利。我还考上了首都北京的一家名牌大学读第二学位。当我接到通知书时我真感动得热泪盈眶了。我懂英语，我知道这就是我的本钱，我可以和有钢琴的人进行互助，我教他英语他让我弹琴。   【正确答案】： 答案: For the next nine years I carefully smothered my budding aspiration for music to keep aflame my quest for learning, especially in English studies. My efforts were so rewarding that I went successfully through high school and college in my hometown. When I received the admission notice of a second degree course from a prestigious university in Beijing, the national capital, tears welled up my eyes. I knew my command of English was my asset, for I might make a deal with a pianist who would give me access to his piano in exchange for English lessons. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．这以后的九个年头，为了保持求学(尤其是英语学习)的高昂斗志，我压抑着对音乐的朦胧向往：此句的语义重心在于“我压抑着对音乐的朦胧向往”，因此可译为主句，而“为了保持求学……高昂斗志”则是目的，可译为不定式短语。 2．保持求学的高昂斗志：即保持求学的热情，可译为keep aflame my quest for learning。 3．对音乐的朦胧向往：指我对音乐的热爱处于萌芽状态，可译为my budding aspiration for music。 4．我的这番努力取得了丰硕成果，我在家乡读完了中学和大学，都很顺利：第二句隐含因果关系，因此可译为含有so...that结果状语从句的复合句。“取得了丰硕成果”可译为were so rewarding，“都很顺利”转译为副词successfully。 5．考上：可译为received the admission notice of。 6．名牌大学：可译为a prestigious university或a famous university。 7．我还考上了首都北京的一家名牌大学读第二学位。当我接到通知书时我真感动得热泪盈眶了：这两句在语意上承接紧凑，因此可合译为一句，即把第三句译为时间状语从句，第四句译为主句。“感动得热泪盈眶”简洁译为tears welled up my eyes即可。 8．我懂英语，我知道这就是我的本钱，我可以和有钢琴的人进行互助，我教他英语，他让我弹琴：此句看似结构松散，实则暗含不甚明显的因果关系，即可把“我可以……让我弹琴”译为for引导的原因状语从句，而“我懂英语，我知道这就是我的本钱”则译为主句I knew my command of English was my asset。“进行互助”若译为help each other则无法充分体现作者利用自己的特长和钢琴家进行互惠学习的意思，故在此最好译为make a deal with。 第3题 根据我个人七八十年的经验，一个人绝不能让自己的脑筋投闲置散，要经常让脑筋活动着。根据外国一些科学家的实验结果，“用脑伤神”的旧说法已经不能成立，应改为“用脑长寿”。人的衰老主要是脑细胞的死亡。中老年人的脑细胞虽然天天死亡，但人一生中所启用的脑细胞只占细胞总量的四分之一，而且在活动的情况下，每天还有新的脑细胞产生。只要脑筋的活动不停止，新生细胞比死亡细胞数目还要多。勤于动脑筋，则能经常保持脑中血液的流通状态，而且能通过脑筋协调控制全身的功能。   【正确答案】： 答案: According to foreign researchers, the old cliche "frequent use of the brain does harm to one's health" can no longer hold water. Now it should be "frequent use of the brain leads to longevity". The process of aging refers, for the most part, to the death of cerebral cells. Though brain cells in the middle-aged and elderly individuals are being killed on daily basis, they are merely 1/4 of the total cells used up in one's lifetime. Besides, brain cells can regenerate in an active state of mind. That is to say, as long as the brain keeps working, the dead cells could be outnumbered by the new ones. Therefore, not only can the regular use of the head maintain the normal circulation of cerebral blood, but it can also get the whole bodily function under control via brain coordination. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．“用脑伤神”的旧说法已经不能成立：“用脑伤神”可理解为“经常使用大脑对健康有害”，故可译为frequent use of the brain does harm to one's health。“旧说法”固定译为old cliche，表示“……不再成立，不再站得住脚”可译为no longer hold water。整个句子可译为the old cliche “frequent use of the brain does harm to one's health” can no longer hold water。 2．用脑长寿：可译为frequent use of the brain leads to longevity。 3．人的衰老主要是脑细胞的死亡：“人的衰老”是一个过程，可译为the process of aging，“主要”可用介词短语表达for the most part，“是”译为refer to最好，“脑细胞”译为cerebral cells。 4．中老年人：可译为the middle-aged and elderly individuals。 5．而且在活动的情况下，每天还有新的脑细胞产生：“而且”可译为besides，“在活动的情况下”指“思维活跃的情况下”，故译为in an active state of mind，“新细胞产生”也就是“脑细胞再生”，故译为brain cells can regenerate。整句话可翻译为Besides，brain cells can regenerate in an active state of mind. 6．只要脑筋的活动不停止。新生细胞比死亡细胞数目还要多：此句是对上一句的解释，为了使上下文连贯，最好增译出表示解释的连接词that is to say。“新生细胞比死亡细胞数目还要多”有多种表达方式，但译为the dead cells could be outnumbered by the new ones更生动。 7．血液的流通：可译为the normal circulation of cerebral blood。 8．能通过脑筋协调控制全身的功能：译为get the whole bodily function under control via brain coordination。 第4题 我们总能听到父母和孩子之间存在“代沟”，在音乐、道德准则、时尚以及很多事情上双方看法都不同。如今，又出现一个“代圈”，指年轻人在技术应用方面的能力正逐步超过他们父辈。在技术应用方面，这一代年轻人不只是超过了父辈，而且是已经远远领先在前，到了一个全新的工作层面。所以芬兰才会有这样让人不可思议的一个举动，政府精心挑选出5000名新生代网络达人，让他们教本国教师使用电脑。学生变身为老师，而老师则变身为学生。   【正确答案】： 答案: We often hear about the "generation gap" that occurs between parents and children when it comes to music, morals, fashion and a host of other things. Now there is a "generation lap", the tendency for young people to be increasingly more technically savvy than their parents and elders. They're not just ahead of their parents in the way they use technology, they've lapped their parents and are working at a whole new level. That's why there is an unbelievable example from Finland where the government has hand-selected 5,000 Net Generations to train the country's teachers how to use computers. The students are the teachers and the teachers will be the students. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．我们总能听到父母和孩子之间存在“代沟”。在音乐、道德准则、时尚以及很多事情上双方看法都不同：此处虽为一句，却表达了两层含义。在翻译时，这两层含义要有一个很好的链接，首先“我们总能听到父母和孩子存在‘代沟’”翻译成主句，即We often hear about the “generation gap” that occurs between parents and children.“音乐、道德准则、时尚以及很多事情上双方看法都不同”翻译成从句，用when it comes to与主句链接，即when it comes to music, morals, fashion and a host of other things。 2．如今，又出现一个“代圈”，指年轻人在技术应用方面的能力正逐步超过他们父辈：“代圈”可译为generation lap：“出现了……”可翻译成there be句式，“指……”可翻译成名词短语作“代圈”的同位语，整个句子翻译为Now there is a generation lap，the tendency for young people to be increasingly more technically savvy than their parents and elders. 3．领先在前：lap有“领先”的意思。 4．不可思议的一个举动：可译为an unbelievable example。 5．精心挑选：可译为hand-selected。 6．新生代网络达人：可简单译为Net Generations即可。 7．学生变身为老师，而老师则变身为学生：可直译为The students are the teachers and the teachers will be the students. 第5题 在兽类中我最爱虎，在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。同他们做朋友的，除了有时上山来的少数乡下人，就是几只猛虎。虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一两个和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开。   【正确答案】： 答案: Instead of harassing the monks, the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple. As a reward for it, the monks would place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat. Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red, the tigers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill, and then left, slipping and jumping. The monks usually left the gate wide open while peacefully engaged in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scriptures inside the temple. Normally, none of them came out to watch the tigers eat. Sometimes, however, one or two monks did appear standing at the gate, but the tigers would remain unalarmed and, taking the monks for their friends, did nothing to harm them. They just kept on eating unhurriedly until they finished and left. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇：“不……却……”的结构可译为instead of，“惊扰”译为harass最佳，“守护庙宇”可理解为“在庙宇门前站岗”，故译为stand guard at the gate of the temple。全句译为Instead of harassing the monks，the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple。 2．作为报酬：译为as a reward for it。 3．每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空。虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西。跳跃而去：分析句子结构，“每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空”作时间状语，译为Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red, “跳跃而去”译为leave slipping and jumping。全句译为Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red，the tigers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill, and then left, slipping and jumping。 4．庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一个和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开：此句较长，可分为几句话翻译，分句主要依据不同的动作的执行者来划分。经过分析可知，“庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课”一句的主语是“僧人们”，“也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西”一句的主语是“没有一个僧人”，“即使偶尔有一二个和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开”一句的主语是“虎们”。 5．日课：僧人做的“日课”应该是“念诵佛经”，故此处的“日课”要译为daily, routine of chanting Buddhist scriptures。 6．把他们看做熟人：译为take the monks for their friends。 7．斯斯文文地：就是“不慌不忙地，从容地”，译为unhurriedly。 二、English to Chinese （本大题5小题．每题10.0分，共50.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. ） 第1题 The disturbance of the soul cannot be ended nor true joy created either by the possession of the greatest wealth or by honor and respect in the eyes of the mob or by anything else that is associated with causes of unlimited desires.... We must not violate nature, but obey her; and we shall obey her if we fulfill the necessary desires and also the natural, if they bring no harm to us, but sternly reject the harmful... The man who follows nature and not vain opinions is independent in all things. For in reference to what is enough for nature every possession is fiches, but in reference to unlimited desires even the greatest wealth is not riches but poverty. Insofar as you are in difficulties, it is because you forget nature; for you create for yourself unlimited fears and desires. It is better for you to be free of fear lying upon a pallet, than to have a golden couch and a rich table and be full of trouble.   【正确答案】：答案: 无论是拥有巨额财富，还是荣誉，还是芸芸众生的仰慕，或任何其他导致无穷欲望的身外之物，都无法了结心灵的烦扰，更不能带来真正的快乐。我们不可悖逆天性，而应顺性而为；而所谓顺性，乃是去满足必需的欲望，以及自然的欲望，只要后者并不带来危害，反之则应严加抵御。顺性而不为妄言蛊惑者，可独立于天地之间。凡满足天性者，一点一滴都是财富；而若为填补欲壑，纵然是万贯家财，所带来的也不是富有，而是贫困。 你之所以困扰重重，乃因忘却天性，是你为自己创造出了无穷的恐惧与欲望。与其锦衣玉食却忧心忡忡，不如粗茶淡饭却无忧无虑。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．The disturbance of the soul cannot be ended nor true joy created either by the possession of the greatest wealth…：根据汉语习惯，此句宜将被动语态处理成为主动语态进行翻译，即将原文中by后面的成分翻译成为句子的主语，而将原文的主语翻译为汉语中的宾语。 2．possession of the greatest wealth：拥有巨额财产。 3．in the eyes of the mob：芸芸众生眼中的。 4．unlimited desires：无穷欲望。 5．the necessary desires and the natural：必需的欲望以及自然的欲望。natural之后省略了名词desires，翻译时应该加上。 6．The man who follows nature and not vain opinions：顺性而不为妄言蛊惑者。 vain opinions即“无益的观点”，在翻译时对词义进行引申，变换表达方式，译为“妄言”。 7．in reference to：关于。 8．riches：财富。 9．Insofar as you are in difficulties：你之所以困难重重。insofar意即“在……范围”。 10．It is better for you to be free of fear lying upon a pallet, than to have a golden couch and a rich table and be full of trouble：与其锦衣玉食却忧心忡忡，不如粗茶淡饭却无忧无虑。It is better…than…译为“与其……不如……”。to have a golden couch and a rich table通过词义抽象化的方式引申为“锦衣玉食”；lying upon a pallet即“依靠简陋的工具而生存”，引申为“粗茶淡饭”。 第2题 As a probing psychologist Faulkner is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists. Neither do any of his colleagues possess his fantastic imaginative powers and his ability to create characters. His subhuman and superhuman figures, tragic or comic in a macabre way, emerge from his mind with a reality that few existing people—even those nearest to us—can give us, and they move in a milieu whose odors of subtropical plants, ladies' perfumes, Negro sweat, and the smell of horses and mules penetrate immediately even into a Scandinavian's warm and cosy den. As a painter of landscapes he has the hunter's intimate knowledge of his own hunting-ground, the topographer's accuracy, and the impressionist's sensitivity. Moreover—side by side with Joyce and perhaps even more so—Faulkner is the great experimentalist among twentieth-century novelists. Scarcely two of his novels are similar technically. It seems as if by this continuous renewal he wanted to achieve the increased breadth which his limited world, both in geography and in subject matter, cannot give him.   【正确答案】： 答案: 福克纳是一名善于观察的心理学家，在所有仍然在世的英美小说家当中，他堪称是无人匹敌的大师。他的同行当中无人具有他那般非凡的想象力以及塑造人物的能力。在以死亡为主题的悲剧或喜剧中，福克纳塑造的近似人类而又超乎人类的人物如此真实，即使是我们身边最贴近的人都很少有人能够让我们感到如此真实。这些人物在一个混杂了亚热带植物的清香、女人香水的芳香、黑人汗味和骡马臭味的环境中活动，这股气味甚至可以立即弥漫到斯堪的纳维亚的一间温暖舒适的小房子里。作为一名风景画画家，福克纳具有猎人般熟知猎场的能力，地形学家精确的判断力和印象派画家的敏感。此外，福克纳还是20世纪伟大的实验主义者和小说家，与乔伊斯并列，甚至还略胜一筹。在他的小说当中，没有任何两部小说在写作手法上是相似的。似乎正是通过这种不断的更新，福克纳才可以获得他想要的创作广度，而这种广度是他所处的缺乏创见的世界，包括主观的和客观的，所不能给予他的。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．a probing psychologist：一名善于观察的心理学家。 2．the unrivalled master：无人匹敌的大师。 3．His subhuman and superhuman figures：他塑造的近乎人类而又超乎人类的人物。这里要结合上下文，不能直接按照字面翻译成“他的近乎人类而又超乎人类的人物”。 4．odors of subtropical plants, ladies' perfumes, Negro sweat, and the smell of horses and mules：亚热带植物的清香、女人香水的芳香、黑人汗味和骡马臭味。此处要注意odor后的介词词组中并列了三个名词短语，但是在翻译时不能重复“气味”这个单词三遍，所以要译成不同的单词：清香、芳香、味道。 5．Scarcely two of his novels are similar technically：在他的小说当中，没有任何两部小说在写作手法上是相似的。scarcely是一个否定含义的副词，所以在翻译时要体现出这一层含义。 6．continuous renewal：不断的更新。 第3题 The fortunate people in the world—the only really fortunate people in the world, in my mind—are those whose work is also their pleasure. The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this respect at least a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not wonder that others are inclined to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of enjoyment, to whom repose—however necessary—is a tiresome interlude, and even a holiday is almost deprivation. Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition. To sit at one's table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible security, plenty of nice white paper, and a Squeezer pen—that is true happiness.   【正确答案】： 答案: 在我看来，世上幸运的人——世上唯一真正幸运的人，是那些以工作为乐的人。这类人并不多，起码不如人们常说的那么多；并且，作家也许是其中最重要的组成部分之一。就幸运而言，他们至少享受着生活中真正的和谐之乐。在我看来，以工作为乐，是世人值得为之奋斗的一种崇高荣誉；我毫不怀疑别人会羡慕这些幸福的人，因为他们在快乐地喷涌的幻想中找到了生计，对他们而言，工作一小时，也就是享受一小时，而休息——甭管多么有必要——都是让人厌烦的插曲，甚至连休假也几乎是一种损失。一个人写得好坏与否，写得或多或少，如果他喜爱写作的话，就会享受其中谋篇布局的乐趣。在一个阳光明媚的清晨，临桌而坐，不受任何人打扰地度过四个小时，加上有足够的上好白纸，还有一支“挤压式”妙笔——这才是真正的幸福。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．The fortunate people in the world—the only really fortunate people in the world. in my mind, —are those whose work is also their pleasure：此句在翻译时可调整语序，先译出in my mind，即“在我看来”。those whose work is also their pleasure可译为“那些以工作为乐的人”。 2．The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition: 句中，class译为“这一类人”；not nearly可译为“远非，起码”；it is often represented to be可译为“人们常说的”。 3．in this respect：指“从幸运这个角度来说，就幸运而言”。 4．To my mind,...is a tiresome interlude, and even a holiday is almost deprivation：此句长而结构相对复杂，但也不必紧张，注意把握句间结构，结合常见的翻译手段，操作起来不会太难。该句分号后的内容其实包含三个修饰those happy human beings的定语从句，各个从句可译成独立的分句。 5．gay：作形容词时意为“快乐的”，故the gay effusions of their fancy可译为“快乐地喷涌的幻想”。 6．be inclined to：可译为“往往”，或“倾向于，会”。 7．repose：译为“休息”。 8．interlude：在此译为“插曲”。 9．deprivation：本义为“剥夺”，在此引申译为“损失”。 10．cares about：在此译为“喜欢”。 11．the pleasures of composition：可译为“谋篇布局的乐趣”。 第4题 We do not admire the man of timid peace. We admire the man who embodies victorious efforts, the man who never wrongs his neighbor, who is prompt to help a friend, but who has those virile qualities necessary to win in the stem strife of actual life. It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have fried to succeed. In this life we get nothing save by effort. Freedom from effort in the present merely means that there has been effort stored up in the past. A man can be freed from the necessity of work only by the fact that he or his fathers before him have worked to good purpose. If the freedom thus purchased is used aright, and the man still does actual work, though of a different kind, whether as a writer or a general, whether in the field of politics or in the field of exploration and adventure, he shows he deserves his good fortune.   【正确答案】： 答案: 我们不欣赏那种怯懦而喜好安逸的人。我们钦佩那种表现出奋力向上的人，那种永不屈待邻里，能随时帮助朋友，但是也具有那些刚健的品质，足以在实际生活的严酷斗争中获取胜利的人。失败是困苦的，但是从不曾努力去争取成功却更为糟糕。在人的一生中，任何的收获都要通过努力才能得到。目前不用作任何的努力，只是意味着在过去有过努力的积储。只有当一个人或他的祖先曾经努力工作过，并取得了丰厚的收获时，那个人才不用工作。如果他能把换取到的此类的自由加以正确地运用，仍然做些实际的工作，尽管那些工作是属于另一类的，不论是做一名作家还是将军，不论是在政界还是在探险和冒险方面做些事情，都表明了他没有辜负自己的好运。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．the man of timid peace：可转译为“怯懦而喜好安逸的人”。 2．We admire the man who…：此句是个排比句式，因此可译为“我们钦佩……的人，……的人，……的人”的结构。 3．embody：本义为“使具体化”，在此译为“表现”。 4．victorious：译为“获胜的，胜利的”。 5．wrong：作动词时，含有“亏待；冤枉”之意，故never wrongs his neighbor译为“永不屈待邻里”。 6．prompt：本义为“迅速的、敏捷的”，在此可指随叫随到。 7．It is hard to fail：不可译为“很难失败”，根据下文提到“从不曾努力去争取成功，却更为糟糕”可知，此处译为“失败是困苦的”更符合文意。 8．in this life we get nothing save by effort：可译为“任何的收获都要通过努力才能得到”。 9．store up：译为“积储，贮藏”。 10．freedom from effort：不可译为“来自努力的自由”，此处根据下文应译为“不作任何努力”。 11．a man can be freed from the necessity of work：可译为“不必工作的人”。 第5题 Is a translation meant for readers who do not understand the original? This would seem to explain adequately the divergence of their standing in the realm of art. Moreover, it seems to be the only conceivable reason for saying "the same thing" repeatedly. For what does a literary work "say"? What does it communicate? It "tells" very little to those who understand it. Its essential quality is not statement or the imparting of information. Yet any translation which intends to perform a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but information—hence, something inessential. This is the hallmark of bad translations. But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to information—as even a poor translator will admit—the unfathomable, the mysterious, and the "poetic", something that a translator can reproduce only if he is also a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation, which consequently we may define as the inaccurate transmission of an inessential content. This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the reader's sake, how could the translation be understood on the basis of this premise?   【正确答案】： 答案: 文学作品的本质特征并不是陈述事实或发布信息。尽管扮演着传播功能，翻译所传播的只能是信息，而非本质的东西。这是拙劣译文的特征。但是，人们普遍认为文学作品的实质是信息之外的东西。就连拙劣的译者也承认，文学作品的精髓是某种深不可测的、神秘的、“诗意的”东西；是不是只有译者本身也是一名诗人才能重现原作呢?事实上，这带来了劣质翻译的另一特点，我们不妨称之为不准确地翻译非本质内容。只要译作迎合读者，这种情况就会发生。其实要是原作是为读者而写的话，它也会陷入同样的境地。可是，如果原作并非为读者而作，那么基于此前提上的译作又如何让读者理解呢? [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．essential quality：本质。 2．the imparting of information：传递信息。 3．Yet any translation which intends to perform a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but information—hence，something inessential：此句在翻译时要注意断句的问题。由于句子本身很长，所以在破折号处断句，之前译为“然而任何执行传播功能的翻译所传播的只能是信息”，其中cannot…but…意为“只能……”；破折号后的短语在翻译时加上句子的主语和谓语，译为“它传播的只是非本质性的东西”。 4．hallmark：特点。 5．do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to information：此句在翻译时应注意，句子的宾语为what it contains in addition to information这个宾语从句，由于过长，所以放在了句末，以保持句子的平衡。句子中的基本结构是regard...as...，即regard what it contains in addition to information as the essential substance of a literary work。 6．unfathomable：深不可测的。 7．reproduce：有“繁殖；再生；重现；复制”等意思。此处reproduce的宾语是文学作品中“谜”一样的东西，所以reproduce翻译成“再生”或者“繁殖”都不太合适，根据汉语搭配的习惯，应该译为“重现”才通顺。 8．only if he is also a poet：除非他也是个诗人。 9．inferior translation：拙劣的翻译，劣质翻译。 10．undertakes to serve the reader：迎合读者。 11．if It intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original：此句比较费解，但是可以根据上下文推出它的含义。上文说如果译作迎合读者，就有可能无法准确地翻译原文的非本质内容。此句则在说原作，要明白的是it指的是原作而非译作，故此句译为“如果原作是为读者而写的话，它也会陷入同样的境地”，即如果原作为读者而写，译作同样也会有不准确地翻译非本质内容的问题。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com