英国文学选读 Lecture2 Geoffrey Chaucer优秀PPT

HomeworkCheckingWhatisHeroicCouplet?1、押尾韵对偶句2、韵尾为AABBCCDD......不重复3、五音步抑扬格poemsconstructedfromrhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter.《简史》p.26*MeticalRhythmofTheCanterburyTalesAssoonasAprilpiecestotheroot-/-/-/-/-/ThedroughtofMarch,andbatheseachbudandshoot-/-/-/-/-/Througheveryveinofsapwithgentleshowers-/-/-/-/-/Fromwhoseengenderingliquorspringtheflowers-/-/-/-/-/Iambicpentameter五步抑扬格*Historicalbackground1.theHundredYearsWar(1337–1453):awakenationalconsciousnessinEngland.FrenchwasgraduallyreplacedbyEnglishnativetongue.2.TheBlackDeath(1348-1350)killed30%to60%ofEurope'spopulation3.thepeasantuprisingof1381:theconflictbetweenthepeasantsandfeudallords.4.1360-1400thesummitofMiddleEnglishLiterature.**ContentI.Chaucer’sLifeII.Chaucer’sLiteraryCareerIII.TheCanterburyTalesIV.Chaucer’sContribution*I.Chaucer’sLife(1343-1400)*I.Chaucer’sLife(1343-1400)Bornin1343asthesonofaprosperouswinemerchantinLondon.MostprobablyeducatedinOxfordandCambridge.In1357GeoffreyisfoundintheserviceofElizabeth,CountessofUlsterIn1359,WenttoFranceat19ononeofthecampaignsoftheHundredYears’War.SenttoItalyondiplomaticmissions.In1373,AppointedcontrollerofCustomsatLondon.In1386,electedasMPbutdismissedsoonDiedin1400,firstpoetburiedinWestminsterAbbey.*famousItalianwritersoftheRenaissanceperiodDanteAlighieri1265-1321但丁Commedia/DivineComedy《神曲》GiovanniBoccaccio1313-1375薄伽丘Decameron《十日谈》FrancescoPetrarca1304-1374IlCanzoniere《歌集》*WestminsterAbbey&Poets'Corner*II.Chaucer’sLiteraryCareerTheFrenchperiod1360s-1372TheBookoftheDuchess《公爵夫人之书》TheRomanceoftheRose《玫瑰传奇》TheItalianperiod1372-1386TroilusandCriseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》TheEnglishperiod1386-1400TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》HismasterpieceandoneofthemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature*III.TheCanterburyTalesTheCanterburyCathedral*CanterburyisahistoricEnglishcathedralcitycathedralisaChristianchurchwhichcontainstheseatofabishop,thusservingasthecentralchurchofadiocese,conference,orepiscopate.*III.TheCanterburyTalesacollectionofstoriesspringtheTabardInn29/30pilgrimspilgrimagetoreligiousshrineCanterbury120/124storise24storiesfinished*TheOutlineandthePrologueTabard(泰巴客店)29(30)pilgrims,toCanterbury24storieswrittenAllmajortypesofmedievalliteratureOutlineoftheStoryThePrologue(序诗)aframeworkforthetalesvividsketchesoftypicalfiguresfromallwalksoflifeTheProloguesuppliesaminiature(小画像)oftheEnglishsocietyofthetime*ThePrologue(开场白)In"TheGeneralPrologue",Chaucerintroducesthecharactersandestablishestheframeworkofthepoem.TheprologuesuppliesaminiatureoftheEnglishsocietyofChaucer’stime.*ThePrologue(开场白)Thethirtypilgrimsrangefromtheknightandsquireandprioress（女修道院院长）,throughthelandedproprietorandwealthytrademan,tothedrunkencookandhumbleplowman（农夫）.Therearealsoadoctorandalawyer,monksofdifferentordersandnunsandpriests,andasummoner（法庭传讯者）,asailor,amiller,acarpenter,ayeoman,andanOxfordscholar.Finally,inthecenterofthegroupistheWifeofBath,theownerofalargecloth-factory.**Chaucer*Theprioress*TheKnight*TheOxfordClerk*TheWifeofBath*TheMonk*TheSquire*ThePardoner*Summoner*TheFriar行乞修道士***TheMiller*******ThePrologueWheninAprilthesweetshowersfall当四月温柔的甘霖普降ThatpiercethedroughtofMarchtotherootandall浸润三月每寸干旱封疆Theveinsarebathedinliquorofsuchpower把大地上生灵万物滋养Asbringsabouttheengenderingoftheflower;它的力量催得百花芬芳WhenalsoZephyruswithhissweetbreath,和煦西风携带甜蜜气息Exhalesanairineverygroveandheath,泽被一片片丛林和荒地Uponthetendershoots,andtheyoungsun赐予给它们青春及生命*Hishalf-courseinthesignoftheRamhasrun,朝升的太阳奔跑过半程Andthesmallfowlaremakingmelody鸟雀啁啾，欢唱爱情Thatsleepawaythenightwithopeneye让沉寂的黑夜张开眼睛(SoNaturepricksthemandtheirheartengages)自然在撩拨众生的情怀Thenpeoplelongtogoonpilgrimages,心存敬仰之人将去朝拜Andpalmerslongtoseethestrangestrands,人们踏上通向天国之路Offar-offsaints,hallowedinsundrylands.前往著名的遥远圣域Andspecially,fromeveryshire’end他们在每一处村落集聚*OfEngland,downtoCanterburytheywend,从英格兰到坎特伯雷去Toseektheholyblissfulmartyr,quick朝觐身受福泽的殉道者Togivehishelptothemwhentheyweresick他曾护佑过广大受难者Ithappenedinthatseasonthatoneday就在这时节，就在其中的一天，InSouthwark,atTheTabard,asIlay我正住在萨瑟克的泰巴旅店，Readytogoonpilgrimagesandstart已经满心虔诚地准备好登程，ForCanterbury,mostdevoutatheart,专诚去坎特伯雷那地方朝圣。Atnighttherecameintothathostelry在那天傍晚，有二十九位旅客*Somenineandtwentyinacompany来到了这客店，他们形形色色，Ofsundryfolkhappeningthentofall全都是在路上彼此萍水相逢，Infellowship,andtheywerepilgrimsall全都是跨着坐骑要前去朝圣，ThattowardsCanterburymeanttoride而坎特伯雷是他们去的地方。Theroomsandstablesoftheinnwerewide;旅店的房间和马厩都很宽敞，Theymadeuseasy,allwasofthebest,把我们个个安顿得十分舒适。And,briefly,whenthesunhadgonetorest,不久后太阳从地平线上消失，I’dspokentothemalluponthetrip我同他们每个人都作了交谈，*Andwassoononewiththeminfellowship,很快就成了他们当中的一员。Pledgedtoriseearlyandtotaketheway大家约定来日上路要起个早，ToCanterbury,asyouheardmesay.而路上的情形，下面我会说到。Butnonetheless,whileIhavetimeandspace,但是既然我有很充裕的时间，Beforemystorytakesafurtherpace,在我进一步细述这故事之前，Itseemsareasonablethingtosay我觉得比较合情合理的做法Whattheirconditionwas,thefullarray是根据我对他们各人的观察，Ofeachofthem,asitappearedtome,把我看到的情况全告诉你们：*Accordingtoprofessionanddegree,他们是什么人，属于哪个阶层，Andwhatappareltheywereridingin;甚至还要说说他们穿的衣裳——AndataKnightIthereforewillbegin.现在我就从一位骑士开始讲。TherewasaKnight,amostdistinguishedman,这位骑士是个勇敢的男子汉，Whofromthedayonwhichhefirstbegan从他一开始骑着马闯荡人间，Torideabroadhadfollowedchivalry,就热爱骑士精神和荣誉正义，Truth,honour,freedomandallcourtesy.就讲究慷慨豁达与温文有礼。Hehaddonenoblyinhissovereign’swar,在他君主的战事中现英勇，*Andriddenintobattle,nonemorefar他南征北战处处都留下行踪，AswellinChristendomasinheathenplaces,在基督徒世界或在异教之邦，Andeverhonouredforhisnoblegraces.他都因为有勇气而备受颂扬WhenwetookAlexandria,hewasthere.攻下亚历山大城时他就在场；Heoftensatattableinthechair他在普鲁士的多次庆功宴上，Ofhonour,aboveallnations,wheninPrussia.比各国骑士优先，坐上了首席；OnLithuaniahehadridden,andRussia,与身份同他一样的基督徒比，NoChristianmansooften,ofhisdegree.他在立陶宛、俄罗斯战功最大；*InfarGranadaatthesiegewashe围攻阿尔赫西拉斯他也参加，OfAlgeciras,andinBenamarin.并且驰骋在柏尔马利亚作战；AtAyasandAttaliawashewhen他与人一起把阿塔利亚攻占，Theywerewon;andintheMediterraneanSea也把阿亚斯攻克；在地中海上Hehadbeenwithmanyanoblearmy.他率领大批高贵的战士出航。Infifteenmortalbattleshehadbeen他曾十五次投入殊死的战斗，AndfoughtforourfaithatTlemcen又为我们的信仰，三次把敌手Threetimesinthelists,andalwayskilledhisfoe.杀死在特莱姆森的比武场上。*Thissamedistinguishedknighthadbeenalso他一度侍奉帕拉希亚的君王，AtonetimewiththelordofPalatia在那段时间里我们这位骑士AgainstanotherheatheninTurkey;征讨土耳其异教徒的另一支：Hewasofsovereignvalueinalleyes.每次赢得最高荣誉的总是他。Andthoughsodistinguished,hewaswise尽管他极其勇敢却世事洞达，Andinhisbearingmodestasamaid.举止的温和简直就像是姑娘；Heneveryetaboorishthinghadsaid一生中他不管遇到什么对象，Inallhislifetoany,comewhatmight;也从来都不曾说过一句粗话。*Hewasatrulyperfectgentle-knight.这骑士真是忠贞、完美又温雅。Speakingofhisequipment,hepossessed现在我告诉你们他那副装备：Finehorses,buthewasnotgailydressed.他的马虽好，衣着却并不华美。Heworeafustiantunicstainedanddark穿的是一袭粗布的无袖长衣，Withsmudgeswherehisarmourhadleftmark;已被他锁子甲弄得满是污迹；Hehadjustcomebackfromhisvoyage,因为他是远征后刚乘船归来，Andnowwasgoingonthispilgrimage.接着便上路来进行这次朝拜。*TheKnightWasanhonorablewarriorwhofoughtforChristianityagainsttheheathens.Appropriatethatheisthefirstpilgrimtobeintroducedbecausehestandsatthetopofthesocialhierarchy,thusisthemostsociallyprominentpersononthejourney.Tellsthefirststory;manyofferhimcompliments.Allofthebattlesmentionedthathefoughtinwerereligiouswarsofsomekind.*TheKnightPrologue’sdescription:WorthymanLovedthefollowingChivalryFidelityHonor(goodreputation)GenerositycourtesyHonoredforhisworthinessinwar*TheFunctionofTheGeneralPrologueinTheCanterburyTalesThePrologueprovidesaframeworkforthetales.Itcontainsagroupofvividsketchesoftypicalmedievalfigures.AllclassesoftheEnglishfeudalsociety,excepttheroyaltyandthepoorestpeasant,arerepresentedbythesethirtypilgrims.ItisnoexaggerationtosaythattheProloguesuppliesaminiatureoftheEnglishsocietyofChaucer’stime.Lookingathisword-pictures,weknowatoncehowpeoplelivedinthatera.ThatiswhyChaucerhasbeencalled“thefounderofEnglishrealism”.Ontheotherhand,thereisalsoanintimateconnectionbetweenthetalesandthePrologue,bothcomplementeachother.*Chaucer’sgreatestworkandthegreaterpartofitwaswritteninheroiccouplets.Atrue-to-lifepictureofChaucer’stime;ItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime.Thegentleclass---theburgher(市民)----theprofessionalsExposesandsatirizestheevilsofhistimePresentingChaucer’shumanisticviewsThesignificanceofTheCanterburyTales*Chaucer’sContribution1.ForerunnerofHumanismHepraisedman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife.2.ThefirstrealisticwriterHistalesexposeandsatirizetheevilsofthetime.3.FatherofEnglishpoetry.HeintroducedfromItalyandFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallyheroiccouplettoEnglishpoetry,insteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse.*Chaucer’sContribution4.MasteroftheEnglishlanguageHewasthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguage(MiddleEnglish),thusestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguage.HedidmuchinmakingtheLondondialectthefoundationformodernEnglishlanguage.*Chaucer'sContributiontoEnglishPoetryChaucer'scontributiontoEnglishpoetrylieschieflyinthefactthatheintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallytherhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter(the"heroiccouplet")toEnglishpoetry,insteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse.*HomeworkRead《简史》p.30-31WhatisRenaissance?andHumanism?Watch《大明宫词》10、11集Preview《选读》p.9-10,15-16*